Revised ultrasound criteria for appendicitis in children improve diagnostic accuracy

Background  

Use of CT in the evaluation of suspected appendicitis in children is common. Expanding the use of US would eliminate the radiation exposure associated with CT.     

Xenon ventilation CT using dual-source and dual-energy technique in children with bronchiolitis obliterans: correlation of xenon and CT density values with pulmonary function test results

Background  

Xenon ventilation CT using dual-source and dual-energy technique is a recently introduced, promising functional lung imaging method. To expand its clinical applications evidence of additional diagnostic value of xenon ventilation CT over conventional chest CT is required.     

Coronary artery visibility in free-breathing young children with congenital heart disease on cardiac 64-slice CT: dual-source ECG-triggered sequential scan vs. single-source non-ECG-synchronized spiral scan

Background  

The potential impact of dual-source ECG-triggered sequential CT scan on coronary artery visibility has not been evaluated in free-breathing young children.     

SPECT/CT imaging in children with papillary thyroid carcinoma

Background  

SPECT/CT improves localization of single photon-emitting radiopharmaceuticals.     

Pectus excavatum imaging: enough but not too much

Background  

Pectus excavatum (pectus) is a common congenital deformity of the chest wall resulting in a diminished anterior-posterior dimension. Chest CT has become a common study for preoperative assessment. CT evaluation was initially described using a single CT image; it is now common to perform a CT of the entire chest to evaluate pectus.     

Value of postmortem thoracic CT over radiography in imaging of pediatric rib fractures

Background  

Studies have reported that thoracic CT may provide greater sensitivity compared with radiography in detection of pediatric rib fractures and fracture healing. The additional sensitivity afforded by thoracic CT may have medicolegal implications where abuse is suspected.     

Volume-monitored chest CT: a simplified method for obtaining motion-free images near full inspiratory and end expiratory lung volumes

Background  

Lung inflation and respiratory motion during chest CT affect diagnostic accuracy and reproducibility.     

CT scans in young people in Northern England: trends and patterns 1993–2002

Background  

Although CT can be greatly beneficial, its relatively high radiation doses have caused public health concerns.     

Utility of CT Scan in Detection of Melamine - Associated Urinary Stones

Objective  

To detail the utility of CT scan in detection of urinary stones induced by melamine tainted formula.     

Radiation exposure from pediatric head CT: a bi-institutional study

Background  

Medical radiation from CT should be kept as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA), particularly in young patients.     

Estimated cumulative radiation dose from PET/CT in children with malignancies: a 5-year retrospective review

Background  

The increasing use of serial PET/CT scans in the management of pediatric malignancies raises the important consideration of radiation exposure in children.     

CT identification of abdominal injuries in abused pre-school-age children

Background  

Although the abdominopelvic CT findings of abdominal trauma in children have been described, little has been written about the subset of children who are victims of abuse.     

Brown fat distribution in the chest wall of infants—normal appearance,distribution and evolution on CT scans of the chest

Background  

While reviewing chest CT scans of infants, we repeatedly observed hyperdense enhancing tissue in the chest wall that is not well described in radiology literature.     

Variable MR imaging appearances of focal nodular hyperplasia in pediatric cancer patients

Background  

Focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) is rare in the general pediatric population but is increasingly found in treated pediatric cancer patients. FNH can be incidentally found on CT and MRI and can be misdiagnosed as liver metastasis in patients with an oncological history.     

Developing low-dose C-arm CT imaging for temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorder in interventional radiology

Background  

Manufacturers have provided C-arm CT imaging technologies for applications in interventional radiology in recent years. However, clinical imaging protocols and radiation doses have not been well studied or reported.     

External validation of the New Orleans Criteria (NOC), the Canadian CT Head Rule (CCHR) and the National Emergency X-Radiography Utilization Study II (NEXUS II) for CT scanning in pediatric patients with minor head injury in a non-trauma center

Background  

Head CT scans are considered the imaging modality of choice to screen patients with head trauma for neurocranial injuries; however, widespread CT imaging is not recommended and much research has been conducted to establish objective clinical predictors of intracranial injury (ICI) in order to optimize the use of neuroimaging in children with minor head trauma.     

Skeletal imaging effects of pamidronate therapy in osteosarcoma patients

Background  

After observing metaphyseal changes in pediatric and young adult patients with osteosarcoma who were treated with pamidronate, we initiated a retrospective study to identify bone findings on computed radiography of the chest and extremities, chest CT, extremity MRI, and radionuclide bone scans in this population.     

Abdominal and pelvic CT in cases of suspected abuse: can clinical and laboratory findings guide its use?

Background  

Incomplete history and concern for occult injury in suspected child abuse occasionally results in CT screenings of the abdomen and pelvis. At our institution, we noted that these exams were infrequently positive.     

Comparison of Haller index values calculated with chest radiographs versus CT for pectus excavatum evaluation

Background  

Pectus excavatum is a common chest wall anomaly in children. Pre-operative imaging for pectus excavatum is performed with CT, which is used to calculate the Haller index to determine the severity of pectus excavatum.     

Eye-lens bismuth shielding in paediatric head CT: artefact evaluation and reduction

Background  

CT scans of the brain, sinuses and petrous bones performed as the initial imaging test for a variety of indications have the potential to expose the eye-lens, considered among the most radiosensitive human tissues, to a radiation dose. There are several studies in adults discussing the reduction of orbital dose resulting from the use of commercially available bismuth-impregnated latex shields during CT examinations of the head.