Usefulness of bipolar scissors for total colectomy

PURPOSE: Total colectomy is frequently used in colorectal surgery. We evaluated the usefulness of bipolar scissors in this operation. METHODS: Twenty patients with ulcerative colitis underwent total colectomy at Hyogo College Hospital. Bipolar scissors were used in ten randomly chosen colectomies. The resected major vessels of the colonic mesentery were stained by hematoxylin and eosin. The bursting pressure of the artery weld was measured with a water-filled, open-tip catheter. RESULTS: Both number of ligations and operating time were reduced by use of bipolar scissors. The cut edge of the major artery was occluded by the weld created, with a mean bursting pressure of 213 (range, 175–250) mmHg. CONCLUSION: Use of bipolar scissors was safe and had the advantage of shortening the operating time by decreasing the number of clamping and ligating procedures.     

腹腔镜保留自主神经的直肠癌D3根治术的安全性

目的:探讨腹腔镜保留自主神经的直肠癌D3根治术的手术安全性和可行性.方法:选择2007-01/2008-06在我院手术治疗的Duke's B期和Duke's C期的中低位直肠癌62例.将患者分为开腹组和腹腔镜组, 分别进行保留自主神经的开腹直肠癌D3根治术和腹腔镜直肠癌D3根治术.结果:腹腔镜组平均手术时间为271 min, 稍长于开腹组, 而平均总出血量为150 mL, 略少于开腹组; 腹腔镜组与开腹组平均检出淋巴结分别为23.2枚和22.8枚, 无统计学差异; 两组术后短期并发症发生率亦无显著差异.结论:腹腔镜保留自主神经的直肠癌D3根治术能够达到开腹手术的效果, 具有可靠的安全性和可行性, 值得在临床推广应用.     

3D腹腔镜下直肠癌根治术中植物神经保护的研究

随着腹腔镜技术的迅速发展,腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除术（TME）已成为直肠癌的标准手术。然而,低、中位直肠癌患者术后膀胱功能及性功能障碍的发生率仍较高。如何避免盆腔自主神经损伤尤为重要。与传统的二维腹腔镜手术相比,三维腹腔镜手术还原了真实的三维视野、出现了纵深感,能更清晰地显示直肠周围层,减少盆腔自主神经损伤。近两年来本中心开展了3D腹腔镜下TME手术千余例。本文将探讨三维腹腔镜手术中自主神经保护的经验和技巧,包括盆腔自主神经解剖、手术方法的选择和手术中的要点。     

Laparoscopic mesorectal excision with preservation of the pelvic autonomic nerves for rectal cancer

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Laparoscopic mesorectal excision with preservation of the autonomic pelvic nerves for rectal cancer including selected advanced lower rectal cancer is now challenging. The aims of the study were to assess the surgical results and short-term outcomes of this procedure prospectively. METHODOLOGY: Seventy-four of 281 rectal cancer patients, since the introduction of laparoscopic colorectal surgery in our hospital, have undergone laparoscopic rectal surgery. The location of the tumor distributed in upper rectum; 33, middle; 22, and lower 19. The mesorectal excision with preservation of the autonomic pelvic nerves was performed for all the patients. The laparoscopic mesorectal excision was performed under 8 to 10 cmH2O CO2 pneumoperitoneum and lymph node dissection was performed along the feeding artery depend on individuals. Ipsilateral lateral lymph node dissection was added for 5 cases of advanced lower rectal cancer. RESULTS: Open conversion occurred in 4 cases, 2 of those were due to locally advanced tumors and 2 technical difficulties in transaction of the distal rectum. There were 15 postoperative complications, 7 anastomotic leakage (10.6%), 3 transient urinary retention (4.1%), 4 wound infection (5.3%), and 1 small bowel obstruction (1.4%). No mortality was recorded in this series. Time of operation was 203 +/- 54 min in mesorectal excision cases and 270 +/- 42 min mesorectal excision with lateral lymph node dissection cases. Blood loss was 92 +/- 90g and 276 +/- 66 g respectively. The hospital length-of-stay was 11.7 days in average. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic mesorectal excision with preservation of autonomic pelvic nerves for rectal cancer patients including selected advanced lower rectal cancer is favorable.     

Assessment of sexual and voiding function after total mesorectal excision with pelvic autonomic nerve preservation in males with rectal cancer

PURPOSE: Total mesorectal excision with pelvic autonomic nerve preservation has been reported to be an optimal surgery for rectal cancer. It minimizes local recurrence and sexual and urinary dysfunction. The aim of this study was to assess the safety of total mesorectal excision with pelvic autonomic nerve preservation in terms of voiding and sexual function in males with rectal cancer. METHODS: We performed urine flowmetry using Urodyn and a standard questionnaire using the International Index of Erectile Function and the International Prostate Symptom Score before and after surgery in 68 males with rectal cancer. RESULTS: Significant differences in mean maximal urinary flow rate and voided volume were seen before and after surgery (18.9 +/- 5.7 13.7 +/- 7.0, 240 +/- 91.9 143 +/- 78; < 0.05, < 0.05, respectively), but no differences in residual volume before and after surgery were apparent (4.4 +/- 2.6 8.1 +/- 4.4; > 0.05). The total International Prostate Symptom Score was increased after surgery from 6.2 +/- 5.8 to 9.8 +/- 5.9 ( < 0.05). There were no changes of score for one of each of seven International Prostate Symptom Score items in 49 patients (73.5 percent) to 61 patients (89.7 percent). Five International Index of Erectile Function domain scores (erectile function, intercourse satisfaction, orgasmic function, sexual desire, and overall satisfaction) were significantly decreased after surgery (18.2 +/- 9.3 13.5 +/- 9, 8.4 +/- 4.2 4.4 +/- 2.9, 5.8 +/- 2.9 4.4 +/- 2.9, 6.1 +/- 2.4 4.8 +/- 2, 6.1 +/- 2.2 4.5 +/- 2.3, respectively; < 0.05). Erection was possible in 55 patients (80.9 percent); penetration ability was possible in 51 patients (75 percent). Complete inability for erection and intercourse was observed in three patients (5.5 percent). Retrograde ejaculation was noted in 9 patients (13.2 percent). International Index of Erectile Function domains such as sexual desire and overall satisfaction were greatly decreased in 39 patients (57.4 percent) and 43 patients (63.2 percent), respectively. Multiple regression analysis of factors affecting postoperative sexual dysfunction showed that age older than 60 years (sexual desire, P = 0.019), within six months (erectile function, P = 0.04; intercourse satisfaction, P = 0.011; orgasmic function, P = 0.03), lower rectal cancer (erectile function, P = 0.02; intercourse satisfaction, P = 0.036; orgasmic function, P = 0.027) were significant factors adversely affecting sexual function. CONCLUSION: Total mesorectal excision with pelvic autonomic nerve preservation showed relative safety in preserving sexual and voiding function. The International Prostate Symptom Score and International Index of Erectile Function questionnaires were useful in assessing urinary and sexual function.     

超能剪在胃肠恶性肿瘤腹腔镜手术中的应用效果观察

目的观察超能剪在胃肠恶性肿瘤腹腔镜手术中的应用效果。方法收集2011-10~2014-10于广西壮族自治区人民医院普外科由同一手术者进行胃肠恶性肿瘤腹腔镜手术的264例患者,将其随机分为超能剪手术组148例和超声刀手术组116例,分别接受超能剪辅助的腹腔镜手术及超声刀辅助的腹腔镜手术,比较两组患者的平均手术时间、术中出血量、淋巴结清扫数量、术后3 d平均引流量、术后住院时间。结果超能剪手术组的平均手术时间明显短于超声刀组(P0.01);两组术中出血量、淋巴结清扫数量、术后3 d平均引流量、术后住院时间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论将超能剪应用于胃肠恶性肿瘤腹腔镜手术能提高手术操作的效率,且使用成本相对较低,有较好的应用前景。     

Usefulness of local excision for early lower rectal cancer

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The purpose of this study was to examine the long-term results of transanal excision compared with major surgery for lower rectal cancer. METHODOLOGY: This retrospective study included 14 patients with early rectal cancer within 8cm from the anal verge treated by local excision in the period from January 1991 to December 2000, and 16 patients treated by major surgery in the period from January 1996 to December 2000. We evaluated the prognosis or anorectal or urinary function of these patients. RESULTS: Six of the patients had additional treatments which included additional resection or adju vant chemotherapy. None of these patients had macroscopic tumor remnants (R2). With the exception of one patient who died of heart disease, all of the patients survived without metastasis. Anorectal and urinary function maintained a good status. CONCLUSIONS: Local excision for early rectal cancer (Tis N0 M0) brought an excellent outcome, and maintained good anorectal and urinary function. We recommend local excision for the early rectal cancer patients.     

腹腔镜下直肠癌根治术保留自主神经的解剖和技术要点

全直肠系膜切除术（TME）是目前国际公认的直肠癌标准术式,随着腹腔镜技术的推广和TME手术的普及,盆腔植物神经保护（PANP）的理念逐渐受到重视。本文根据作者经验和结合国内外文献,介绍保留PANP相关的新认识和技术进展。笔者认为,在开展直肠癌TME手术时,有六个部位容易发生盆腔植物神经损伤,需要识别和保护：肠系膜下动脉根部的肠系膜下丛,上腹下神经丛及腹下神经的近端,盆丛前丛的近端,盆丛后丛的主干,盆丛后丛的终末支,盆腔内脏神经以及血管神经束（NVB）。要完整保留PANP,需要熟悉盆腔筋膜解剖层次和神经走行在层次部位,在直肠固有筋膜和腹下神经输尿管前筋膜之间分离,可以完好地保留腹盆腔自主神经系统,以筋膜层膜为导向,进行筋膜之间分离,以神经为导向,实现精准直肠癌手术,对于提高手术质量,保护器官功能至关重要。     

双入路法在腹腔镜下游离结肠脾曲的直肠癌保肛术中的应用

目的总结腹腔镜双入路法在游离脾曲的直肠癌保肛术的操作经验及应用价值。 方法回顾分析2016年4月至2017年9月由同一组手术医师完成的双入路法腹腔镜下游离结肠脾曲的直肠癌保肛手术38例患者的临床资料及短期随访结果。 结果所有手术均获成功,无中转开腹病例,术中无左侧输尿管、左肾、脾脏及胰腺损伤。手术时间为142.4±35.3 min,术中出血量98.7±34.5 ml,切除标本长度为21.1±6.7 cm,肿瘤距下切缘4.5±2.8 cm,清除淋巴结为12.7±6.3枚,术后排气时间3.6±1.7 d,住院时间12.4±3.2 d。术后并发症4例（10.5%）,其中切口感染2例（5.26%）,尿潴留1例（2.63%）,肺部感染1例（2.63%）,无吻合口漏、吻合口出血等并发症发生。全组患者随访至今,均未见肿瘤复发。 结论双入路法在腹腔镜下游离结肠脾曲的直肠癌保肛术中径路准确,解剖层面清晰、易于掌握,值得推广应用。     

Laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer]

For more than a decade, laparoscopic surgery has been adopted as a treatment of colorectal cancer. With promising evidences from multi-center prospective randomized studies, laparoscopic approach is accepted as an alternative for the management of colon cancer. However, laparoscopic surgery is still technically demanding and has little evidence to convince most surgeons of its usefulness for rectal cancer. Laparoscopic surgery for malignant diseases must stress on oncologic safety as well as its functional excellence. Oncologic principles in surgery for rectal cancer are complete resection of the tumor with safe margins, en-bloc resection of regional lymph nodes and appropriate treatment for metastatic lesion. Despite the lack of results in prospective randomized comparative trials, many studies have been investigating whether laparoscopic resection for rectal cancer can follow these principles. In this review, we analyze early outcomes, long-term result of oncologic adequacy in laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer, and discuss its potential advantages.     

Sphincter-preserving surgery for rectal cancer]

Although optimal treatment of tumors at mid and distal rectum continues to be a matter of great debate to oncologic surgeons, a surgical goal of sphincter preservation should be considered in all patients with an intact sphincter. There are growing evidences and indications that sphincter-preserving procedure might be a valid alternative to conventional modality in tumors of the mid or lower rectum. Traditionally, an abdominoperineal resection with permanent colostomy would be the sole surgical option. Recently, a variety of sphincter-preserving procedures are performed in majority of distal rectal cancers with acceptable oncologic and optimal functional results. Several recent advances may further influence future treatment strategies and many issues are, at present, under evaluation. Here, some of the most relevant topics regarding current methods of sphincter-preserving procedures with their oncologic and functional results are discussed to establish the guideline of surgical treatment in rectal cancer.     

Minimally invasive surgery for rectal cancer

This article discusses the results of systematic reviews and meta-analyses addressing short- and long-term outcomes of laparoscopic rectal surgery for rectal cancer. Randomized clinical trials investigating the advantages of the minimally invasive technique compared to open surgery will be critically reviewed.     

Male sexual function after autonomic nerve-preserving operation for rectal cancer

PURPOSE: Sexual dysfunction after surgery of the rectum is a serious complication to male patients. Autonomic nerve-preserving operation for rectal cancer has been performed within the recent ten years to maintain urinary and male sexual functions without spoiling of therapeutic radicality. To clarify male sexual function as the degree of autonomic nerve-preserving operation, the function was outlined through clinical interview. METHOD: In a series of 134 male patients who were undergoing autonomic nerve-preserving operation for rectal cancer, a detailed history of postoperative sexual function was obtained by interviews. RESULTS: In 87.7 and 66.9 percent of patients, erectile and ejaculatory potencies were maintained, respectively, which were higher rates than those after extended and conventional pelvic dissections. According to the preserving extent of autonomic nerve, patients undergoing complete preserving operations showed higher rates of maintained erectile (92.9 percent) and ejaculatory functions (82.5 percent), sexual intercourse (89.9 percent), and orgasm (93.9 percent) compared with those undergoing hemilateral autonomic nerve-preserving (82.3, 47.1, 52.9, 64.7 percent) or partial pelvic plexus-preserving operation (61.1, 0, 26.3, 22.2 percent). CONCLUSION: Pelvic plexus preservation is necessary to maintain erectile potency, and both hypogastric nerve and pelvic plexus preservation are necessary to maintain ejaculate function and orgasm. To maintain satisfactory sexual function, complete autonomic nerve-preserving operation is suitable.Read at the meeting of the International Society of University Colon and Rectal Surgeons, Crete, Greece, October 25 to 29, 1992.     

直肠癌全直肠系膜切除术中盆腔植物神经的易损区域及保护

全直肠系膜切除术（TME）是目前国际公认的直肠癌标准术式,随着TME手术的推广和认识,盆腔植物神经保护（PANP）的理念逐渐受到重视。笔者认为,在开展直肠癌TME手术时,有六个区域容易发生盆腔植物神经损伤,需要识别和保护：肠系膜下动脉根部的肠系膜下丛、上腹下神经丛及腹下神经的近端、盆丛前丛的近端、盆丛后丛的主干、盆丛后丛的终末支及盆腔内脏神经。熟悉盆腔筋膜、植物神经解剖,开展以TME手术层面为主导,盆腔植物神经为引导的精准直肠癌手术,对于提高手术质量,保护器官功能至关重要。     

血管三维重建技术在腹腔镜保留左结肠动脉的直肠癌低位前切除术的临床应用研究

目的 探讨术前血管三维重建技术在保留左结肠动脉(LCA)的腹腔镜直肠癌低位前切除术中的临床应用价值.方法 采用回顾性队列研究的方法,分析中国医学科学院肿瘤医院结直肠外科2019年1月至8月行保留LCA的腹腔镜直肠癌低位前切除术的146例患者临床资料.所有病例均行保留LCA的腹腔镜直肠癌低位前切除术,术中及术后数据资料完...     

Practical usefulness of bipolar scissors in hepatectomy

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Because less surgical stress might preserve quality of life of patients, it is more desirable to decrease both intraoperative blood loss and liver injury especially in hepatectomy. For the patients with hepatocellular carcinoma based on chronic liver dysfunction, it is more essential to control bleeding and reduce liver injury in hepatectomy than in other diseases. In the present study, a retrospective comparison about usefulness was made in hepatectomy between using bipolar scissors and using conventional procedure. Before 1997, in our hospital, we had dissected the liver by using the crushing clamp method in combination with cauterization by microwave coagulator for the purpose of reducing intraoperative blood loss. Since 1998, bipolar scissors have been introduced toward hepatectomy as a new, simple and easy device to use. METHODOLOGY: Fifty-three consecutive patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma at TNM stage I/II who underwent partial hepatectomy between 1996 and 1999 were enrolled in the study. Thirty-two patients (1996-1997) were treated by using a conventional method (group CM) and 21 patients (1998-1999) were treated by using bipolar scissors (group BS). The factors related to surgical stress were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The amounts of blood loss/transfusion were lower in group BS (641/100 mL) than in group CM (1112/450 mL). The percentages of patients who lost more than 1000 mL of blood were lower in group BS (19%) than in group CM (47%) (P = 0.04). An intraabdominal drainage was needed for 9.0 +/- 6.6 days in group BS, and the drainage period was shorter than that in group CM (15.0 +/- 8.7 days) (P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: These results indicated the superiority of bipolar scissors in decreasing blood loss and liver injury to the conventional method, suggesting the worth of performing the prospective randomized study.     

Role of minimally invasive surgery for rectal cancer

Rectal cancer is one of the most common malignancies worldwide.Surgical resection for rectal cancer usually requires a proctectomy with respective lymphadenectomy(total mesorectal excision).This has traditionally been performed transabdominally through an open incision.Over the last thirty years,minimally invasive surgery platforms have rapidly evolved with the goal to accomplish the same quality rectal resection through a less invasive approach.There are currently three resective modalities that complement the traditional open operation:(1) Laparoscopic surgery;(2) Robotic surgery;and(3) Transanal total mesorectal excision.In addition,there are several platforms to carry out transluminal local excisions(without lymphadenectomy).Evidence on the various modalities is of mixed to moderate quality.It is unreasonable to expect a randomized comparison of all options in a single trial.This review aims at reviewing in detail the various techniques in regard to intra-/perioperative benchmarks,recovery and complications,oncological and functional outcomes.     

Results of radical surgery for advanced rectal cancer

During the period 1972 to 1987 inclusive, 313 multivisceral resections in advanced rectal cancer were performed, accounting for 10.3 percent of all radical surgical interventions for this disease. Of these resections 71 were for distant metastases and 242 for tumor infiltration to adherent organs. The postoperative mortality was 5.4 percent, which was not significantly different from that in the total group of patients with rectal cancer (4.9 percent) operated upon during the same period. After multivisceral resections, 49.5 percent of patients developed postoperative complications. In the total group of patients with rectal cancer, the postoperative morbidity was 30.3 percent. Long-term results were assessed in 190 patients who had been operated upon more than five years ago. It has been established that 42.1 percent of patients lived more than five years after multivisceral resections. Hope is inspired by the fact that of 15 patients with hepatic metastases (26 percent) lived over five years following radical surgery. These data allow the conclusion that radical surgery for advanced rectal cancer is justifiable and advisable. Read at the XIIth Biennial Congress of the International Society of University Colon and Rectal Surgeons, Glasgow, Scotland, July 10 to 14, 1988.