非钙化性肺癌结节的动态CT增强与病理对照研究

目的 评价同层动态CT增强扫描技术对非钙化性肺癌结节的诊断作用。方法 选择本院2000年5月至2005年5月经病理证实的原发周围型肺癌43例，分别为腺癌28例（包括细支气管肺泡癌9例），鳞癌10例，腺鳞癌2例，小细胞未分化癌、鳞腺癌及黏液表皮样癌各1例。所有病例行同层动态CT增强扫描，并与同期行动态CT增强的肺结核球15例进行对照研究。结果 CT增强前非钙化性肺癌结节与肺结核球的CT值差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。非钙化性肺癌结节增强后各时间段强化值与增强前比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；非钙化性肺结核球增强后各时间段强化值与增强前比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论 同层动态CT增强扫描技术对良、恶性肺结节，尤其是非钙化性肺癌与肺结核瘤的鉴别诊断作用较大，可明显提高肺癌性结节的定性准确率。     

同层动态CT增强扫描鉴别诊断肺孤立性结节的研究

目的运用同层动态CT增强扫描诊断肺孤立性结节（SPN）。方法选取30例周围型肺癌病例和12例肺结核球病例,分别行常规扫描和同层动态CT增强扫描,比较分析平扫CT和同层动态cT增强扫描结果。结果肺癌在增强CT后30~180S各期cT值均显著高于平扫CT值,且高于同期肺结核CT值,差异有统计学意义（F=133．111．P：0．000）。而肺结核在CT增强后各期CT值与平扫CT值相比差异不明显,无统计学意义（F=9．940,P=0．085）。肺癌患者中18例结节状均匀强化,12例不均匀斑片状强化,肺结核患者中有类圆形强化8例,不均匀强化2例．无强化2例。增强后肺癌诊断准确率达96．7％（29／30）;肺结核准确率达83_3％（10／12）。结论SPN的同层动态CT增强扫描能够帮助鉴别诊断肺癌和肺结核。     

同层动态CT增强扫描对2cm内肺癌及肺结核球的价值

目的　评价同层动态CT增强扫描对 2cm内肺癌及肺结核球的定性价值。方法　随机选择直径≤ 2cm的肺癌 2 8例及肺结核球 10例 ,静脉注射对比剂 10 0ml后 ,行肺结节的同层动态增强扫描。结果　直径≤ 2cm肺癌增强后除15s外各时间段CT值与平扫值相比有显著性差异 (均P <0 .0 5 ) ,而肺结核在增强后各时间段CT值与平扫值相比无显著性差异 (均P >0 .0 5 ) ;直径≤ 2cm肺癌的时间 密度曲线呈缓慢持续升高型 ,至 195s时间段峰值最高 ,而肺结核球的时间 密度曲线呈平坦型 ,至 195s时间段峰值仍未见升高。结论　同层动态CT增强扫描有利于直径≤ 2cm的肺孤立性结节的定性诊断 ;同层动态CT增强扫描与三维重建相结合 ,可提高直径≤ 2cm肺结节的定性准确率。     

周围型肺癌的同层动态增强CT研究

目的　研究周围型肺癌的同层动态增强CT特点。方法　回顾分析经病理证实为原发性肺癌的肺结节 3 6例 (直径≤ 4cm) ,分析其增强前后的CT值变化 ,绘制时间 密度曲线 ,观察其强化特点。结果　平扫时肺泡细胞癌CT值大于腺癌及鳞癌 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;腺癌与鳞癌相比无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。肺泡细胞癌增强后的最大CT净增值 (增强后最大CT值与平扫CT值之差 )低于腺癌和鳞癌 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;腺癌与鳞癌相比无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。增强后肺泡细胞癌、腺癌与鳞癌在 15、75、13 5、195s时间段及最大CT值均无显著性差异 ;腺癌、肺泡细胞癌以均匀强化为主 ,鳞癌以不均匀强化多见 ,甚至可出现明显坏死。结论　动态CT净增值及肺结节的强化特点对周围型肺癌的分型有一定帮助。     

肺内孤立性结节的诊断及CT动态增强扫描定性分析

目的 分析肺内孤立性结节的诊断及CT动态增强扫描定性价值.方法 2000年-2010年间,选择60例肺内孤立性结节患者,先常规扫描用于结节定位,再行薄层（3 mm~5 mm）平扫,后经静脉注射非离子型对比剂（欧乃派克）100 mL,对选定的结节中心行动态CT增强扫描,测量病灶增强前后的CT值.结果 肺内孤立结节体积越大恶性概率越高;短细毛刺及深分叶和锯齿状突起多见恶性肿瘤征象;CT值一般高于160 Hu为良性;肺炎性结节以重度强化为主,净增值〉60 Hu,动态曲线呈持续上升型,肺癌性结节以轻~中度强化为主,净增值为20~60 Hu,动态曲线呈缓慢持续升高型,肺结核结节以轻度强化为主,净增值〈20 Hu,动态曲线呈平坦型.结论 肺内孤立性结节形态及动态CT增强扫描对结节的鉴别诊断有较高的诊断价值.     

增强CT扫描对孤立性肺结节的临床应用

目的探讨增强CT扫描对孤立性肺结节的临床应用价值。方法对60例SPN患者行增强CT扫描,分别在平扫及增强后30s、1min、2min、3min、4min测量病灶的CT值,进行分析。结果增强扫描后肺癌和炎性结节的CT值均明显高于平扫CT值（P〈0.05）;但是良性结节增强扫描前后无明显变化（P〉0.05）;增强扫描肺癌、炎性结节与良性结节的CT强化程度有显著差异（P〈0.05）;另外经过增强扫描后,肺癌、炎性结节、良性结节的诊断准确率均有明显的升高（P〈0.05）。结论增强CT扫描能显示SPN的强化特征并有助于定性诊断。     

动态CT增强对结节样肺癌与结节样肺炎的鉴别诊断价值

目的研究动态CT增强扫描对结节样肺癌与结节样肺炎的定性价值。方法随机选择83例SPN患者,先行薄层（3．0-5．0mm）平扫,再静脉注射对比剂（优维显）100mL后,对选定的结节中心行动态CT增强扫描,测量其增强前后的CT值,并对其中47例行三维表面重建。结果肺炎性结节以重度强化为主,净增值〉60HU,动态曲线呈持续上升型;肺癌性结节以轻。中度强化为主,净增值为20-60HU,动态曲线呈缓慢持续升高型;三维重建成像显示：恶性结节以Ⅰ、Ⅱ型血管异常为主;良性结节以Ⅳ型血管异常为主。结论动态CT增强扫描中追加三维重建对孤立结节的鉴别诊断有较高价值。     

CT增强数值对于鉴别肺部肿块的价值

①目的探讨CT增强前后数值的差异，判断CT增强数值对于鉴别肺部肿块的价值。②方法收集近3年来在本院诊治肺癌36例，肺结核36例及肺炎性假瘤患者10例的资料，均经CT检查并经手术及病理证实．计算出这3组患者肺部肿块CT平扫及增强平均值及标准差，利用统计学方法对3组间CT平扫及增强数值进行计算。③结果肺癌、肺结核球组间平扫CT值有差异，而其余各组间平扫CT值无明显差异，3组间CT增强数值差异显著（P〈0．05）。④结论CT增强数值对于鉴别肺癌、肺结核球及肺炎性假瘤有重要意义。     

CT同层动态增强扫描对肺内孤立性结节的鉴别诊断

目的： 探讨CT同层动态增强扫描鉴别肺内良、恶性结节的临床价值。 方法：利用CT同层动态增强扫描方法对39例肺内孤立性结节（SPNs）患者的不同增强模式进行分析,并绘制SPNs强化的时间-密度曲线、测量其强化峰值和CT净增值。 结果：良、恶性结节强化后具有不同的时间-密度曲线模式和CT净增值。肺癌的CT净增值［（41.9±2.8）］Hu高于结核的CT净增值［（11.7±7.85）Hu］（P<0.01）;炎性结节的CT净增值［（43.6±7.7）Hu］与肺癌的CT净增值比较差异无显著性(P>0.05)。但肺癌的时间-密度曲线为初始急剧上升后缓慢下降,最后保持稳定水平;炎性结节曲线呈持续上升（无下降）趋势;肺结核的曲线呈平缓走行,无明显起伏。结论：CT同层动态增强扫描是用一种无创性方式对SPNs血流模式提供定量信息。     

同层CT动态增强在肺孤立结节外科治疗中的价值(附42例报告)

目的 :评价同层CT动态增强扫描在肺孤立结节外科治疗中的价值。方法 :回顾性总结手术治疗的 42例肺孤立结节病变的临床资料 ,分析CT动态增强扫描前后CT增强值的变化 ,与术后病理结果进行对照 ,研究相关性。结果 :肺癌和肺炎性结节显著强化 ,肺结核球和肺错构瘤轻度强化或不强化 ,肺癌和肺结核球在 85s和 13 5s时间段中均有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :同层CT动态增强对肺孤立性结节的鉴别极有价值 ,CT动态增强中应重视淋巴结的观察 ,术前常规进行有助于手术方案的选择     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.