镉对小鼠肢芽细胞增殖细胞核抗原和c—myc基因表达的影响

目的探讨镉对胚胎肢芽细胞增殖抑制的机制。方法运用免疫组化ＳＰ法结合图像分析技术观察了ＣｄＣｌ２对增殖细胞核抗原（ＰＣＮＡ）和ｃ－ｍｙｃ基因表达的影响。结果ＰＣＮＡ和ｃ－ｍｙｃ基因在正常增殖的胚胎肢芽细胞中均呈强阳性免疫反应；０．１～０．８μｇ／ｍｌＣｄＣｌ２对细胞中ＰＣＮＡ和ｃ－ｍｙｃ的表达均有明显的抑制作用，并呈现明显的剂量－效应关系。结论ＣｄＣｌ２可通过抑制ＰＣＮＡ和ｃ－ｍｙｃ的表达而对胚胎细胞增殖产生抑制作用。     

非小细胞肺癌中bcl—2、p53蛋白表达和相互关系及临床意义

为探讨ｂｃｌ－２和ｐ５３蛋白在非小细胞肺癌中表达之间的关系及意义,应用免疫组织化学Ｓ－Ｐ法对６２例非小细胞肺癌组织进行检测。结果发现：（１）ｂｃｌ－２蛋白阳性２０例,其中鳞癌１５例,腺癌５例;ｐ５３蛋白阳性４９例,其中鳞癌３４例,腺癌１５例。两者比较差异非常显著。（２）ｂｃｌ－２和ｐ５３的表达强度与肺癌的分化程度密切,但两者之间的表达相反;４８例随访患者发现ｐ５３表达阳性率与生存期有关,而与ｂｃｌ     

胃腺癌组织中Fas、Bcl-2蛋白表达及其与浸润转移关系的研究

目的：为了解Ｆａｓ、Ｂｃｌ－２蛋白在胃腺癌中的表达及其意义。方法：用免疫组化ＡＢＣ法检测４８例胃腺癌中Ｆａｓ、Ｂｃｌ－２蛋白的表达。结果：中、高分化癌中Ｆａｓ蛋白阳性表达率（７０．６％、７１．４％）显著高于低分化癌（１２．５％）,（Ｐ＜０．０５）,无淋巴结转移组的胃癌Ｆａｓ阳性表达率（５５．６％）高于有淋巴结转移组（２３．８％）,（Ｐ＜０．０５）,浸及粘膜及粘膜下的胃癌Ｆａｓ阳性表达率（７１．４％）高于浸及浆膜及周围组织者（２３．５％）,（Ｐ＜０．０５）。高分化癌中Ｂｃｌ－２的阳性表达率（４２．８％）显著低于低分化癌（８７．５％）,（Ｐ＜０．０５）,Ｂｃｌ－２阳性表达与浸润深度及淋巴结转移无关。结论：Ｆａｓ表达与胃腺癌的分化、浸润转移有关,Ｂｃｌ－２表达仅与胃腺癌分化有关     

Bcl-2蛋白在64例大肠癌中的分析

本文采用流式细胞术（ＦＣＭ）研究了Ｂｃｌ－２蛋白在大肠癌中的表达。结果显示肿瘤的Ｂｃｌ－２蛋白表达量（１．３１±０．４１）明显高于正常粘膜细胞（１．０±０．１５），Ｐ＜０．００１；粘液腺癌、腺棘细胞癌和低分化腺癌的Ｂｃｌ－２蛋白表达量（１．４５±０．２１）高于中分化腺癌（１．３１±０．２２），Ｐ＜０．０５；低分化腺癌的Ｂｃｌ－２蛋白表达量（１．４８±０．０８），高于中、高分化腺癌（１．３１±０．２２），Ｐ＜０．０５；浸润型肿瘤的Ｂｃｌ－２蛋白表达量（１．４４±０．２０），高于非浸润型肿瘤（１．３０±０．２２），Ｐ＜０．０２５；异倍体肿瘤的Ｂｃｌ－２蛋白表达量（１．４１±０．２０），高于二倍体肿瘤（１．２４±０．２２），Ｐ＜０．０２５。因此认为，Ｂｃｌ－２蛋白与大肠癌的形成和不良预后相关。     

核转录因子c—fos和c—jun在新生鼠缺血缺氧脑细胞中的表达

目的 探讨新生鼠缺氧缺血性脑损伤中ｃ－ｆｏｓ和ｃ－ｊｕｎ表达的意义。方法 Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠２４只分为２组,实验组１８只,对照组６只,制备脑缺氧缺血动物模型,用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ和斑点杂交方法检测新生鼠缺氧缺血性脑损伤后ｃ－ｆｏｓ和ｃ－ｊｕｎ在神经细胞中的表达。结果 ２组ｃ－ｆｏｓ和ｃ－ｊｕｎ的表达在不同时间段差异均有显著性（Ｐ〈０．００１）,其中７２ｈ组和９６ｈ组的表达均比２４ｈ高;缺氧缺血后２４～９６ｈ,ｃ－ｆｏｓ和ｃ－ｊｕｎ在躯体感觉皮质区,海马回ＣＡ３区和基底节区表达比对照组高,２组比较差异有显著性（Ｐ〈０．００１）;２组ｃ－ｆｏｓ和ｃ－ｊｕｎ的表达在不同脑区差异也有显著性（Ｐ〈０．００１）,海马区与基度节区大于皮质区。结论 ｃ－ｆｏｓ和ｃ－ｊｕｎ的表达增加不仅是脑缺氧缺血的结果,而且可能参与了对神经细胞损害过     

子宫内膜腺癌组织中Bcl—2蛋白表达的研究

为探讨Ｂｃｌ－２蛋白在子宫内膜腺癌组织中的表达状况，其病理学与临床意义，本组应用抗Ｂｃｌ－２单克隆抗体对３４例子宫内膜腺癌细胞石蜡标本行Ｂｃｌ－２蛋白免疫组织化学测定（ＳＡＢＣ法）。结果发现Ｂｃｌ－２蛋白在子宫内膜腺癌组织中表达的阳性率为４７％，其阳性表达与肿瘤组织学分期、肌层浸润深度及患者预后有关（Ｐ〈０．０５）。说明Ｂｃｌ－２蛋白表达与子宫内膜腺癌的某些病理学特征及生物学行为之间存在的关系。应     

高脂血症患者前列环素,血栓素及D—二聚体的检测与分析

采用放射免疫法和ＥＬＩＳＡ法测定了６９例高脂血症患者６－酮－前列腺素Ｆ１α（６－Ｋ＝ＰＧＦ１α）、血栓素Ｂ２（ＴＸＢ２）以及Ｄ－二聚体（Ｄ－ｄｉｍｅｒ）和纤维蛋白（原）降解产物（ＦＤＰ）,并与２０例正常人比较。结果发现是血症患者６－Ｋ－ＰＧＦ１α低于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０５）,ＴＸＢ２高于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０１）,同时,Ｄ－ｄｉｍｅｒ和ＦＤＰ也高于对照组（Ｐ〈０．００１）。高脂血症患者体内处于ＰＧＩ２／     

可溶性白细胞介素—2受体测定在肺结构病中的应用

本文应用ＥＬＩＳＡ技术，对４２名正常对照和８９名肺结核患者（包括结核性胸膜炎患者）的血清可溶性白细胞介素－２受体（ＳＩＬ－２Ｒ）进行测定。结果表明，肺结核及结核性胸膜炎患者血清ＳＩＬ－２Ｒ明显高于正常人（Ｐ〈０．０１），且与病变部位大小和机体是否产生结核抗体有关（Ｐ〈０．０５），与病程长短无显著性差异（Ｐ〉０．０５）。     

硫代反义bcl—2脱氧寡核苷酸对U937细胞凋亡的影响

为研究硫代反义ｂｃｌ－２脱氧寡核苷酸（ＡＮ－Ｓ－ＯＤＮｓ）对单核细胞病细胞系Ｕ９３７细胞株凋亡的影响,采用Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎ ｂｌｏｔ、ＤＮＡ电泳、电镜和流式细胞计数技术检测了单核细胞白血病细胞系Ｕ９３７细胞株ｂｃｌ－２基因的表达和ＡＮ－Ｓ－ＯＤＮｓ时Ｕ９３７细胞凋亡的影响。结果发现Ｕ９３７细胞有大量ｂｃｌ－２基因表达：适当浓度（３０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）ＡＮ－Ｓ－ＯＤＮｓ使Ｕ９３７细胞出现凋亡ＤＮＡ电泳梯     

缺锌对大鼠胸腺发育影响及机理探讨

目的：研究缺锌对胸腺发育及Ｔ淋巴细胞活化与增殖功能的影响。方法：建立大鼠缺锌（ＺＤ）模型，测定胸腺肽、胸腺激素活性、胸腺Ｔ淋巴细胞转化、活化Ｔ淋巴细胞钙离子和活性钙调蛋白等。结果：１．ＺＤ组的血清、毛、胸腺细胞锌含量低于对照（ＡＬ）组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。２．ＺＤ组的胸腺重量、指数和细胞大小低于ＡＬ组（Ｐ＜０．０１或Ｐ＜０．０５）。３．ＺＤ组胸腺的胸腺肽含量、胸腺素活性低于ＡＬ组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。４．ＺＤ组胸腺细胞的ＤＮＡ、ＲＮＡ和蛋白质含量低于ＡＬ组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。５．ＺＤ组胸腺细胞中增殖期细胞（Ｓ＋Ｇ２／Ｍ）、增殖指数（ＰＩ）低于ＡＬ组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。６．ＺＤ组胸腺细胞内ｃＡＭＰ含量与ｃＡＭＰ／ｃＧＭＰ比值高于ＡＬ组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。７．ＺＤ组胸腺细胞内的Ｃａ２＋、ＣａＭ、ＩＬ－２、ＩＬ－２Ｒα及Ｔ细胞增殖率低于ＡＬ组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。８．ＺＤ组胸腺Ｔ淋巴细胞内的锌离子与Ｃａ２＋、ＣａＭ、ＩＬ－２、ＩＬ－２Ｒα、Ｔ淋巴细胞增殖率呈正相关（Ｐ＜０．０１）；Ｃａ２＋与ＩＬ－２、ＩＬ－２Ｒα呈正相关（Ｐ＜０．０１）；ＣａＭ与ＩＬ－２、ＩＬ－２Ｒα呈正相关（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论：适量锌有促进胸腺发育、胸腺激素活?     

企业职工高尿酸血症与血压、血脂、血糖的相关性研究

目的探讨企业职工高尿酸血症（HUA）与血压、血脂、血糖的相关性,为企业进行健康管理提供依据。方法以中国石油长庆油田公司各下属企业为抽样单位,整群随机抽取2个单位,每个单位中所有的HUA者作为HUA组,共720人;同时在尿酸水平正常者中随机选取620人为正常组。通过Logistic回归分析HUA与年龄、性别、血压、血脂、血糖的关系。结果HUA合并高血压、高血脂、空腹m糖受损任意一项、两项、三项的比例均远高于正常组（OR值分别为：4．036,2．562,4．174）。多因素Logistic回归发现：男性、收缩压、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇是HUA的危险因素（OR值分别为7．736,2．309,1．721,2．761,1．411）;高密度脂蛋白胆固醇为HUA的保护因素（OR值为0．211）。结论HUA存在性别差异,且与血压、血脂密切相关。企业对职工的健康管理应充分考虑多危险因素的综合作用,全面的进行健康教育及干预。     

癌缺氧病因及预防和治疗

目的 探讨癌及安阳林州市食管癌高发原因及癌病因预防和治疗措施.方法 对林州市食管癌等疾病现场进行调查,在进行10余年统计分析基础上,综合分析了全国156篇文献成果.结果 提出癌缺氧病因学说,使用制氧机、按摩器、饮用纯净水治疗恶性肿瘤,取得良好效果,改水能够大幅降低林州市居民食管癌发病率、死亡率.结论 癌可能是由于机体长...     

Recruitment and retention challenges and successes

Objective: Addressing health disparities requires well designed, culturally adapted research. However, recruiting/retaining minority participants has often been challenging. We present strategies used to successfully recruit and retain rural Hispanic women during a breastfeeding education intervention.

Design: This study involved a two-group repeated measures quasi-experimental design with assessments at seven intervals between enrollment and 6 months postpartum. Participants (Hispanic women?≥?15 years old) were recruited through a regional hospital.

Results: We successfully met our recruitment goals, most women contacted were enrolled (46 of 58), and 100% completed the study.

Discussion: Research staff with ties within the community helped establish trust. Using bilingual study materials, simple language, and an interpreter addressed language/literacy concerns. Phone assessments facilitated participation as transportation was an issue. Accommodating requests to deliver or mail study materials and providing incentives were important. Extra effort was needed to maintain contact when phone service was disrupted or participants moved. Keys to success were persistence, flexibility, and alleviating barriers to participation.     

初产妇与经产妇焦虑抑郁状态分析及干预

目的：分析初产妇、经产妇心理状态特点,以便采取更有效的干预措施。方法筛选2014年6月至2015年1月在咸阳市旬邑县妇幼保健院产科门诊产前检查的健康初产和经产妇各60名,孕周为28~40周。入组时用焦虑自评量表( SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)对两组孕妇进行心理评定,并给1次支持性心理干预(40~60分钟),1周后再次用SAS、SDS对两组孕妇进行评定分析。结果经产妇干预前SAS(50.73±3.45)、SDS(49.13±3.86)评分明显高于初产妇SAS(42.45±2.08)、SDS(41.77±2.21),差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为-15.921、-12.817,均P<0.01);干预后两组SAS、SDS评分均比干预前明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为14.999、15.413;15.724、15.832,均P<0.01);干预后经产妇 SAS(38.61±5.02)、SDS(39.10±3.03)评分明显高于初产妇SAS(34.88±3.31)、SDS(32.01±4.27),差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为-4.805、-10.489,均P<0.01)。结论初产妇和经产妇均伴有焦虑、抑郁情绪,干预前后经产妇抑郁、焦虑情绪均较初产妇明显,支持性心理干预能有效改善孕妇的不良情绪。     

Continuity and change in neighborhood disadvantage and adolescent depression and anxiety

We used data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study which includes a sample of adolescents of age 15 at the most recent wave (between 2014 and 2017) from mainly low-income urban families in the United States, to examine the association between neighborhood poverty entries and exits and adolescent depression and anxiety. In addition, we examined whether these associations differed by gender. Adolescents who consistently lived in disadvantaged neighborhoods had the highest level of depression and anxiety. Those who entered poor neighborhoods were more depressed than those who never lived in poor neighborhoods. Those who exited poor neighborhoods showed no significant difference in depression and anxiety compared to those never lived in poor neighborhoods. Furthermore, these associations applied to adolescent girls only and were not statistically significant for boys. The results suggest that neighborhood poverty has cumulative negative impacts on adolescent mental health and disproportionally affects adolescent girls. Reducing neighborhood poverty would substantially improve the health of adolescents, especially girls, which would reduce health disparities.     

Enabling positive change: Progress and setbacks in HIV and sexual and reproductive health and rights

At a point in history when the future of sexual and reproductive health including HIV looks particularly uncertain, it is helpful to recognise that many of the challenges currently faced are neither new nor insurmountable. Reflecting on past achievements and lessons learned helps us to have confidence that positive change is feasible. This paper reflects on some of the changes observed in countries like India and Mozambique and identifies a range of factors which need to coalesce to enable these developments, along with specific contextual factors. It is the combination of these influences rather than any one of them alone that brought about the change in the three instances described – fostering a positive political response to HIV in its early years in India; bringing about policy reform on abortion in Mozambique; and increasing contraceptive prevalence and age at marriage in some districts in Bihar, India. Change is always fragile and susceptible to setbacks, but change-seekers can learn in the process and gain renewed hope that progress can and often does take place if they persevere.     

儿童青少年超重肥胖评价方法及SPSS和SAS实现

超重肥胖已成为世界各国儿童青少年面临的重大公共卫生问题之一。现行的儿童青少年超重肥胖筛查标准不统一,逐条评价或自行编写程序容易出错且效率较低。本研究以中国学龄儿童青少年超重与肥胖筛查标准为例,详细介绍了国际和中国共四种评价儿童青少年超重肥胖的方法和步骤,结合具体案例详细介绍其应用方法,同时编制SPSS和SAS程序包和解...     

Car ownership and the association between fruit and vegetable availability and diet

Objective

Nearly all research on the food environment and diet has not accounted for car ownership — a potential key modifying factor. This study examined the modifying effect of car ownership on the relationship between neighborhood fruit and vegetable availability and intake.

Methods

Data on respondents' (n = 760) fruit and vegetable intake, car ownership, and demographics came from the 2008 New Orleans Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Shelf space data on fresh, frozen, and canned fruits and vegetables were collected in 2008 from a random sample of New Orleans stores (n = 114). Availability measures were constructed by summing the amount of fruit and vegetable shelf space in all stores within defined distances from respondent households. Regression analyses controlled for demographics and were run separately for respondents with and without a car.

Results

Fruit and vegetable availability was positively associated with intake among non-car owners. An additional 100 m of shelf space within 2 km of a residence was predictive of a half-serving/day increase in fruit and vegetable intake. Availability was not associated with intake among car owners.

Conclusions

Future research and interventions to increase neighborhood healthy food options should consider car ownership rates in their target areas as an important modifying factor.