围介入期应用奥曲肽治疗大鼠肝内移植瘤的疗效

目的　观察围介入期应用奥曲肽治疗大鼠肝内移植瘤的效果,并初步探讨其机制。方法　采用大鼠肝内移植Walker2 5 6肿瘤模型,以肝动脉结扎(hepaticarteryligation ,HAL)的方法阻断肝动脉血供,模拟肝动脉介入栓塞。分为对照组、HAL组、HAL +奥曲肽治疗组。观察肿瘤生长抑制率、检测肿瘤组织血供、瘤组织VEGFmRNA表达水平、血清VEGF水平、肿瘤组织中生长抑素受体(somatostatinreceptor,SSTR) 1- 5mRNA表达水平并检测肿瘤组织细胞凋亡水平。结果　对照组、HAL组、HAL +奥曲肽组肿瘤体积分别为(0 .10 3±0 .0 4 3)cm3 、(0 .0 30±0 .0 18)cm3 、(0 .0 16±0 .0 0 5 )cm3 ,后2组肿瘤体积明显小于对照组(P <0 .0 1) ,肿瘤抑制率分别为70 .8%、84 .5 %。HAL +奥曲肽组肿瘤体积明显小于HAL组(P <0 .0 5 )。对照组、HAL组、HAL +奥曲肽组Hoechst33342标记细胞数分别为36 9.7±30 .2、344 .1±2 6 .0、32 3.2±4 0 .4 ,HAL +奥曲肽组标记细胞数明显少于对照组,提示其血供明显减少。HAL +奥曲肽组瘤组织VEGFmRNA表达较HAL组稍下降(P >0 .0 5 )。肿瘤组织中SSTR2 、SSTR3 表达阳性,各组之间表达无统计学显著性差异(P >0 .0 5 )。对照组、HAL组、HAL +奥曲肽组细胞凋亡率依次增高,其中HAL组、HAL +奥曲肽组分别与对照     

去肝动脉化对阻塞性黄疸大鼠肝脏损伤的初步研究

目的:研究胆道梗阻不同时段大鼠能否结扎肝动脉及其机制。方法:雄性SD大鼠96只,随机分为对照组(C组)、肝动脉结扎组(HAL组)、胆道梗阻7d+肝动脉结扎组(BDL7+HAL组)及胆道梗阻14d+肝动脉结扎组(BDL14+HAL)。术后1d、3d、7d留取血及肝脏标本测定肝功能、肝组织HIF-1α(hypoxic-inducible factor-1α,缺氧诱导因子-1α)蛋白表达及病理变化。结果:肝动脉结扎后,各组的1周存活率分别为8/8、8/8、5/6、6/7;各组ALT、AST、TBIL水平均升高,术后1d达最高值。HAL组术后7d基本恢复正常;BDL7+HAL及BDL14+HAL组术后7d仍明显高于对照组和肝动脉结扎组(P<0.05)。免疫组化显示HIF-1α阳性细胞主要位于肝中央静脉周围。术后3d,HAL组HIF-1α蛋白较对照组明显增高(7.8±3.2)%vs(2.1±1.4)%;术后1d,BDL14+HAL组HIF-1α蛋白较BDL7+HAL组明显增高(8.1±3.5)%vs(3.5±2.3)%。肝脏组织学检查,各组可见程度不同的肝细胞变性、坏死,炎细胞浸润,小胆管增生和胶原组织增生。结论:胆道梗阻大鼠在解除胆道梗阻后可以耐受肝动脉结扎,但肝功能损害较重,其机制可能与术后侧枝循环的建立诱导HIF-lα表达变化有关。     

长效奥曲肽影响大鼠肝纤维化形成的研究

目的：观察和探讨长效奥曲肽对四氯化碳（CCl4）诱发的大鼠肝纤维化的影响及机制。方法：SD大鼠40只，随机分为正常对照组（n=8）、肝纤维化组（n=16）、长效奥曲肽组（n=16）。通过40％CCL皮下注射（3ml／kg）诱导建立大鼠肝纤维化模型，长效奥曲肽组同时给与长效奥曲肽（善龙，0．8mg／kg）肌肉注射，每28天给药1次。8周后观察大鼠肝脏大体形态、肝脏重量／体重比和组织学改变；用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）测定血清透明质酸（HA）、Ⅲ型前胶原N端肽（PⅢNP）含量。结果：正常对照组大鼠肝脏大体形态和组织学无异常改变。肝纤维化组及长效奥曲肽组大鼠肝脏质地变硬，表面明显结节，组织学见肝细胞脂肪变性、坏死、纤维组织增生，假小叶形成等，但后者组织学损害显著轻于前者（P〈0．05）。肝纤维化组及长效奥曲肽组肝脏重量／体重比均明显高于正常对照组（P〈0．01），但长效奥曲肽组低于肝纤维化组（P〈0．05）。正常对照组大鼠血清HA、PIlINP含量分别为（18．5±3．8）ng／ml、（8．2±3．4）ng／ml，肝纤维化组大鼠血清HA、PIIINP含量分别为（179．3±33．5）ng／ml，（59．6±15．6）ng／ml。高于正常对照组（P〈0．01）。长效奥曲肽组大鼠血清HA、PIlINP含量分别为（152．4±36．1）ng／ml，（41．2±13．4）ng／ml，显著高于正常对照组（P〈0．01），但低于肝纤维化组（HAP〈0．05：PⅢNPP〈0．01）。结论：长效奥曲肽能减缓大鼠肝纤维化形成。     

20(R)-人参皂甙Rg3对大鼠肝癌细胞的作用

目的　探讨人参皂甙 Rg3对大鼠诱发性肝癌的作用及其机制。方法　建立 SD大鼠诱发性肝癌模型 ,经肿瘤供血动脉灌注不同剂量的 2 0 (R) -人参皂甙 Rg3(0 .375、1.5、6 .0 mg/ kg) ,磁共振成像 (MRI)技术测量治疗前、后肿瘤的体积变化 ,流式细胞仪 (FCM)和免疫组织化学方法检测肿瘤细胞的凋亡、增殖及坏死情况。结果　高剂量组对肿瘤体积的影响与对照组比较 ,其差异具有显著性 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;低、中、高三个治疗组诱导大鼠肝癌细胞的平均凋亡率 (% )分别为 11.0 8± 3.78、13.5 7± 3.34和 2 7.35± 16 .0 4 ,高剂量组较其它组差异显著 ;用药后测得 S期细胞的平均比率 (% )分别为 2 3.98± 9.4 4、19.73± 6 .6 2和 14 .0 9± 3.4 8,治疗组与对照组相比均有显著性差异 ,且药物剂量与其对肿瘤细胞的抑制作用呈正相关。高剂量组中增殖细胞核抗原 (PCNA)与肿瘤坏死因子 (TNF)的表达与对照组相比差异有显著性 ;治疗组组间 PCNA与 TNF的表达差异不显著。结论　经肿瘤供血动脉灌注人参皂甙 Rg3能明显的抑制肿瘤细胞增殖、有效的诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡、促进肿瘤组织坏死 ,并有剂量依赖性。     

长效奥曲肽影响大鼠肝纤维化形成的研究

目的:观察和探讨长效奥曲肽对四氯化碳(CCl4)诱发的大鼠肝纤维化的影响及机制。方法:SD大鼠40只,随机分为正常对照组(n=8)、肝纤维化组(n=16)、长效奥曲肽组(n=16)。通过40?l4皮下注射(3ml/kg)诱导建立大鼠肝纤维化模型,长效奥曲肽组同时给与长效奥曲肽(善龙,0.8mg/kg)肌肉注射,每28天给药1次。8周后观察大鼠肝脏大体形态、肝脏重量/体重比和组织学改变;用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定血清透明质酸(HA)、Ⅲ型前胶原N端肽(PⅢNP)含量。结果:正常对照组大鼠肝脏大体形态和组织学无异常改变。肝纤维化组及长效奥曲肽组大鼠肝脏质地变硬,表面明显结节,组织学见肝细胞脂肪变性、坏死、纤维组织增生,假小叶形成等,但后者组织学损害显著轻于前者(P<0.05)。肝纤维化组及长效奥曲肽组肝脏重量/体重比均明显高于正常对照组(P<0.01),但长效奥曲肽组低于肝纤维化组(P<0.05)。正常对照组大鼠血清HA、PⅢNP含量分别为(18.5±3.8)ng/ml、(8.2±3.4)ng/ml,肝纤维化组大鼠血清HA、PⅢNP含量分别为(179.3±33.5)ng/ml,(59.6±15.6)ng/ml。高于正常对照组(P<0.01)。长效奥曲肽组大鼠血清HA、PⅢNP含量分别为(152.4±36.1)ng/ml,(41.2±13.4)ng/ml,显著高于正常对照组(P<0.01),但低于肝纤维化组(HAP<0.05;PⅢNPP<0.01)。结论:长效奥曲肽能减缓大鼠肝纤维化形成。     

奥曲肽对肠源性内毒素肝损害的保护作用

目的:探讨奥曲肽对肠源性内毒素肝损害的机理及保护作用.方法:用42只SD大鼠制作肠源性内毒素肝损害的动物模型,随机分为7组,观察各实验组大鼠血浆内毒素、肿瘤坏死因子-a(TNF-a)、ALT、LDH及肝组织病理形态学的变化.结果:门静脉复流后.奥曲肽B2、B3组内毒素、TNF-a水平较相应生理盐水A2、A3组明显降低(P＜0.01.P＜0.01);奥曲肽B2、B3组ALT值较相应生理盐水各组明显下降(P＜0.05、P＜0.01);奥曲肽B3组LDH值较相应生理盐水.A3组亦明显下降(P＜0.05).奥曲肽各组的肝脏病理组织学改变较相应生理盐水各组明显减轻.结论:奥曲肽对肠源性内毒素肝损害有明显的保护作用.     

奥曲肽对肝部分切除术后大鼠肝再生影响的实验研究

目的：了解生长抑素8肽类似物奥曲肽对肝部分切除术后大鼠肝脏再生和肝的影响，探讨奥曲肽手术后应用的安全性。方法：将80只♂成年Wistar大鼠随机分为5组，每组16只。A，B组为单纯左肝切除组，其中B组腹腔注射奥曲肽（50μg/kg,Bid),C,D,E组均为左肝切除加右肝肿瘤种植组，D，E组分别在肿瘤种植后12，72h开始同样方法剂量应用奥曲肽，A组为空白对照，C组作为荷瘤对照。结果：术后1周，A，B组间及C，D，E组间肝脏重量，增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）表达和DNA增殖以及术后肝功能等差异没有显著性（P＞0．05）。结论：生长抑素类似物奥曲肽对部分切除后大鼠肝脏再生没有影响，并且与是否荷瘤无关生长抑素在肝脏手术后应用具有安全性。     

长效奥曲肽对肝纤维化大鼠IL-6、IL-8的影响

目的 观察长效奥曲肽对四氯化碳(CCl4)诱发大鼠肝纤维化白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)、白细胞介素-8(interleukin-8,IL-8)的影响.方法 SD大鼠40只,随机分为正常对照组(n=8)、肝纤维化组(n=16)和长效奥曲肽组(n=16).以40%CCl4皮下注射(3mL/kg)建立大鼠肝纤维化模型,长效奥曲肽组同时给予长效奥曲肽(0.8mg/kg),每4周肌肉注射1次.8周后观察肝脏组织形态学改变、用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测血清IL-6和IL-8.结果 正常对照组大鼠肝脏大体形态和组织学无异常改变;肝纤维化门脉高压组及长效奥曲肽组大鼠肝脏组织形态学表现为肝纤维化改变,但后者的病理损害指标显著轻于前者(P<0.05);正常对照组血清IL-6、IL-8含量分别为(175.28±31.15)pg/mL、(81.51±16.48)μg/mL,肝纤维化组血清IL-6、IL-8含量分别为(313.27±52.79)pg/mL、(213.15±31.16)μg/mL,而长效奥曲肽组分别为(265.13±46.57)pg/mL、(185.16±32.56)μg/mL,肝纤维化组和长效奥曲肽组血清IL-6、IL-8均显著高于正常对照组,但后者两项指标显著低于前者(P<0.05).结论 长效奥曲肽能减轻大鼠肝纤维化程度及降低血清IL-6和IL-8水平.     

奥曲肽对大鼠原发性肝细胞癌抗肿瘤作用的实验研究

目的 :研究生长抑素八肽 (奥曲肽 )对 2 -乙酰氨基芴 (2 - FAA )诱发的实验性肝癌的抑癌作用及其机理。方法 :选择健康雄性 SD大鼠 ,以 2 - FAA喂饲制备大鼠肝癌模型。治疗组给予奥曲肽 (5 0 μg· kg- 1 )皮下注射 ,每日1次 ,给药时间分别为 4周及 8周 ,同时设生理盐水对照组。治疗 4周末及 8周末处死大鼠 ,获取肝脏组织和血清 ;称肝湿重 ;记录肝表面肿瘤结节分布情况 ;肝肿瘤组织 HE染色后在光镜下观察肝脏组织形态学变化 ;并测定血清 γ-谷氨酰转肽酶 (GGT)、甘氨酰脯氨酸二肽氨基肽酶 (GPDA)、α- L -岩藻糖苷酶 (AFU )水平。结果 :奥曲肽治疗组肝肿瘤结节数明显少于生理盐水对照组 ,给药 4周及 8周末两组相比差异均有显著性 (P<0 .0 1)。奥曲肽治疗组肝癌组织中发现较多凋亡细胞。治疗 4周末奥曲肽治疗组的 GGT活性低于生理盐水对照组 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;治疗 8周末 ,奥曲肽治疗组血清 GGT及 GPDA活性均低于生理盐水对照组 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;血清 AFU活性在治疗 4周及 8周末 ,两组差异均无显著性 (P>0 .0 5 )。结论 :奥曲肽对大鼠肝细胞肝癌的生长具有明显抑制作用 ,其作用机理可能与抑制肿瘤细胞增殖与诱导肝癌细胞凋亡有关。奥曲肽可降低血清 GGT及 GPDA水平     

奥曲肽抑制肝癌生长的实验研究

目的研究生长抑素类似物奥曲肽在体外、体内对肝癌生长及凋亡的影响.方法采用3H-胸腺嘧啶核苷(3H-TdR)掺入法、DNA末端原位标记染色(TUNEL)及流式细胞技术检测奥曲肽对体外培养的肝癌细胞生长影响及凋亡的诱导作用.利用SMMC-7721肝癌细胞株建立裸鼠肝癌原位种植瘤模型,实验组皮下注射奥曲肽100μg@kg-1@d-1;对照组予生理盐水20μg@d-1;共给药8周.结果培养细胞经不同浓度的奥曲肽作用48h后,对肝癌细胞的生长具有明显的抑制作用,且肝癌细胞3H-TdR掺入值与奥曲肽的浓度呈负相关(r=-0.97,P<0.01).TUNUL显示,1×10-6mol/L的奥曲肽作用24h后,肝癌细胞凋亡率为15.2%±2.4%;流式细胞检测可见明显的凋亡峰.奥曲肽治疗组裸鼠肝癌原位种植瘤重量明显低于对照组(0.27±0.05vs0.85±0.37,P<0.01).结论体内及体外实验表明,奥曲肽能有效抑制肝癌生长,其机制可能与抑制肝癌细胞DNA合成及诱导肝癌细胞凋亡有关.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.