清肠利肝方对D-氨基半乳糖/脂多糖所致急性肝衰竭小鼠的防护作用

目的:探讨中药组方清肠利肝方对D-氨基半乳糖/脂多糖(D-Gal N/LPS)所致急性肝衰竭小鼠的防护作用并探究其相关机制。方法:将野生型健康C57BL/6雄性小鼠随机分为正常组、急性肝衰竭模型组(简称模型组)和清肠利肝方干预组(简称干预组)。模型组和干预组小鼠腹腔注射D-Gal N(700 mg/kg)LPS(10μg/kg)诱导肝衰竭;干预组小鼠注射D-Gal N/LPS前3天以清肠利肝方灌胃,1次/d。D-Gal/LPS给药6小时后收集小鼠肝脏组织和血清。观察各组小鼠肝脏损伤变化及相关炎症分子的变化情况。结果:模型组小鼠肝脏损伤严重,大片肝组织充血坏死;干预组小鼠肝脏损伤较模型组减轻,促炎因子水平低于模型组,MAPK通路炎症相关蛋白表达降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:清肠利肝方对D-Gal N/LPS所致小鼠急性肝衰竭有明显防护作用,其机制可能与调节MAPK通路而发挥抗炎作用有关。     

解毒化瘀Ⅱ方对急性肝衰竭大鼠肝线粒体膜电位的影响

目的:观察解毒化瘀Ⅱ方对急性肝衰竭大鼠肝线粒体膜电位(△Ψm)的影响。方法:用硫代乙酰胺(TAA)皮下注射构建急性肝衰竭大鼠模型,将84只大鼠随机分为7组:空白组、阳性对照组、解毒化瘀Ⅱ方低、中、高剂量组(9·1g/kg、28·76g/kg、57·55g/kg)、乳果糖组、安宫牛黄丸组。通过机械法分离肝细胞,阳离子染料JC-1染色后分别使用倒置荧光显微镜(Fluorescence Microscopy,FM)、流式细胞仪(Flow Cytometry,FCM)观察各组大鼠△Ψm的稳定性。结果:FM检测发现空白组主要呈现点状的红色荧光,阳性组镜下呈现大量弥散性的云雾状绿色荧光,解毒化瘀Ⅱ方组、乳果糖组、安宫牛黄丸组红色荧光量明显多于阳性组;FCM定量分析显示阳性对照组绿色荧光强度为28·4±2·92,解毒化瘀Ⅱ方高剂量组为16·21±2·89,两组比较差异有显著性意义(P<0·01)。结论:解毒化瘀Ⅱ方可能是通过稳定肝线粒体膜电位,抑制肝细胞发生异常凋亡来实现其保护肝细胞的作用。     

祛湿化瘀方防治实验性脂肪肝的药效学研究

目的:探讨中药祛湿化瘀方防治脂肪肝的作用.方法:采用Wistar 雄性大鼠,以四氯化碳(CCl4)皮下注射复合高脂低蛋白饮食制备大鼠脂肪肝模型.在造模2周后,将造模大鼠随机分为模型组、祛湿化瘀方高剂量组、中剂量组和低剂量组,灌胃用药2周.观察大鼠体重、肝指数、血清丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、门冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT)活性、肝组织甘油三酯(TG)、游离脂肪酸(FFA)含量以及肝组织病理变化(HE染色).结果:模型组肝组织出现明显大泡样脂肪变性;肝组织TG、FFA含量以及血清ALT、AST、GGT活性显著升高.祛湿化瘀方各剂量组的病理改变较模型组显著减轻;肝组织 TG、FFA含量和血清ALT、AST、GGT活性显著低于模型组.其中高剂量组降低ALT的作用显著强于中、低剂量组.结论:祛湿化瘀方防治实验性脂肪肝疗效显著.     

探讨青蒿琥酯和扶正化瘀方治疗血吸虫病肝纤维化对线粒体的影响

目的:比较青蒿琥酯(Art)和扶正化瘀方治疗血吸虫病肝纤维化对线粒体自噬的影响。方法:将80只C57BL/6雌性小鼠随机分为健康组、感染组、Art治疗组和扶正化瘀方治疗组,每组20只。感染组及治疗组小鼠感染日本血吸虫尾蚴16条。6周后,吡喹酮（300 mg/kg）2日疗法杀虫。Art治疗组采用每天100 mg/kg腹腔...     

探讨青蒿琥酯和扶正化瘀方治疗血吸虫病肝纤维化对线粒体的影响

目的:比较青蒿琥酯(Art)和扶正化瘀方治疗血吸虫病肝纤维化对线粒体自噬的影响。方法:将80只C57BL/6雌性小鼠随机分为健康组、感染组、Art治疗组和扶正化瘀方治疗组,每组20只。感染组及治疗组小鼠感染日本血吸虫尾蚴16条。6周后,吡喹酮（300 mg/kg）2日疗法杀虫。Art治疗组采用每天100 mg/kg腹腔...     

罗格列酮对D-氨基半乳糖联合脂多糖诱导小鼠急性肝衰竭的保护作用

目的 观察罗格列酮对D-氨基半乳糖(D-GalN)联合脂多糖(LPS)诱导的小鼠急性肝衰竭的保护作用,并研究其可能的作用机制.方法 雄性昆明小鼠随机分为3组:正常组、对照组、治疗组.对照组和治疗组以D-GalN/LPS腹腔注射构建小鼠急性肝衰竭模型,正常组则相应予以生理盐水腹腔注射;治疗组于造模前2 h予以罗格列酮灌胃,正常组和对照组则相应予以生理盐水灌胃.比较各组小鼠24 h存活率、血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)和天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)水平、肝组织病变程度及肝组织中肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和天冬氨酸特异半胱氨酸蛋白酶-3(Caspase-3)mRNA表达水平.结果 治疗组小鼠24 h存活率明显高十对照组(P<0.05),血清ALT、AST水平明显低于对照组(P<0.05);治疗组与对照组比较,肝组织炎性细胞浸润明显减少,肝细胞以变性为主,未见明显坏死;治疗组小鼠肝组织TNF-α、Caspase-3 mRNA表达水平明显低于对照组(P<0.05).结论 罗格列酮对D-GalN/LPS小鼠急性肝衰竭有保护作用,可改善肝细胞炎症和坏死.降低急性肝衰竭死亡率,其机制可能与罗格列酮下调TNF-α、Caspasc-3表达有关.     

凉血化瘀方对内毒素所致肝细胞凋亡的干预作用

目的 :研究内毒素脂多糖 (L PS)诱导的肝细胞凋亡在暴发性肝衰竭 (HFH)发病机制中的作用及凉血化瘀方对其的影响。方法 :腹腔注射 L PS于 D-氨基半乳糖 (Gal N)致敏的小鼠 ,造成 HFH模型 ,用脱氧核苷酸转移酶介导的缺口原位末端标记技术 (TUNEL 法 )、苏木精 -伊红染色及透射电镜观察肝细胞凋亡和病理损伤情况及药物的干预作用。结果 :造模 6 h模型组大量凋亡阳性细胞表达 ,治疗组则明显减少 (P <0 .0 1)。至 2 4 h肝细胞损害以坏死为主 ,其程度与细胞凋亡相一致。结论 :肝细胞凋亡存在于内毒素肝损伤过程中 ,且与肝细胞损害程度相关 ,凉血化瘀方对 HFH的治疗作用可能与其对肝细胞凋亡的抑制有关。     

抗肝衰复方对急性肝衰竭大鼠高迁移率族蛋白-1和增殖细胞核抗原表达的影响

目的:观察抗肝衰复方对急性肝衰竭大鼠肝组织高迁移率族蛋白-1(HMGB1)和增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)的影响,探讨抗肝衰复方对大鼠急性肝衰竭的作用机制.方法:健康雄性Wistar大鼠110只,随机分为正常组10只、模型组20只、促肝细胞生长素(PHGF)对照组20只、茵陈蒿汤(YCHT)组20只、抗肝衰复方小剂量组20只、抗肝衰复方大剂量组20只.除正常组外其余各组分别给予D-氨基半乳糖(D-GalN)800mg/kg和内毒素脂多糖(LPS)0.1mg/kg的剂量,腹腔注射1次成模.正常组给予等量生理盐水腹腔注射.各组均于造模后2小时用药,按每次1.5mg/100g,每天2次灌胃.模型组和正常组均分别按1.5ml/100g灌服生理盐水,2次/d,连用3天.造模后72小时取材.观察造模后72小时内大鼠病死率.检测血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)与总胆红素(TBil)含量.HE染色观察肝组织病理变化,蛋白印迹法分析肝组织HMGB1表达,免疫组织化学染色法检测肝组织PCNA蛋白表达.结果:抗肝衰复方大剂量组病死率及血清ALT、AST、TBil含量降低;肝细胞坏死、炎性浸润程度显著改善;HMGB1表达水平明显降低,PCNA表达水平明显升高,与模型组相比P＜0.01或P＜0.05.结论:抗肝衰复方对急性肝衰竭大鼠模型的防护作用,可能与抑制HMGB1的释放,降低内毒素血症,促进肝组织PCNA表达有关.     

HDAC2抑制剂CAY10683通过自噬对急性肝衰竭小鼠的保护作用

目的:探究HDAC2抑制剂CAY10683在急性肝衰竭小鼠模型中的保护机制。方法:将C57BL/6雄性小鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、CAY10683组、自噬抑制剂MRT68921组和CAY10683/MRT68921联合组。D-氨基半乳糖和脂多糖诱导建立急性肝衰竭小鼠模型,获取小鼠血清及肝脏标本。检测血清中丙氨酸氨基转移酶和天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶含量;一部分肝组织用于HE染色和电镜下观察,另一部分肝组织用于生化检测,蛋白质印迹法检测自噬蛋白UNC-51样激酶1和苹果酸脱氢酶1(MDH1)的相对含量,生化试剂盒检测组织中葡萄糖、丙酮酸、乳酸和乳酸脱氢酶含量。结果:CAY10683可增加急性肝衰竭小鼠模型中肝脏内的自噬水平,对小鼠肝脏具有一定的保护作用,CAY10683可降低急性肝衰竭小鼠模型中肝组织内的葡萄糖、丙酮酸、乳酸和LDH含量,增加肝组织内MDH1含量;MRT68921则相反;CAY10683一定程度上可拮抗MRT68921的作用。结论:HDAC2抑制剂CAY10683在小鼠肝衰竭进程中可能通过提高自噬水平改善肝脏内代谢,对肝脏起到一定的保护作用。     

罗格列酮对D-氨基半乳糖联合脂多糖诱导的小鼠急性肝衰竭的保护作用

目的观察罗格列酮对D-氨基半乳糖(D-GalN)联合脂多糖(LPS)诱导的小鼠急性肝衰竭的保护作用,并研究其可能的作用机制。方法雄性昆明小鼠随机分为三组:正常组、对照组和治疗组。对照组和治疗组以D-GalN/LPS腹腔注射构建小鼠急性肝衰竭模型,正常组则相应予以生理盐水腹腔注射;治疗组于造模前2 h予以罗格列酮灌胃,正常组和对照组则相应予以生理盐水灌胃。比较各组小鼠24 h存活率,检测血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)和天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)水平,肝组织病变程度及肝组织中肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和天冬氨酸特异半胱氨酸蛋白酶-3(Caspase-3)mRNA的表达水平。结果治疗组小鼠24 h存活率明显高于对照组(P0.05),血清ALT、AST水平明显低于对照组(P0.05);治疗组与对照组比较,肝组织炎性细胞浸润明显减少,肝细胞以变性为主,未见明显坏死;治疗组小鼠肝组织中TNF-α、Caspase-3 mRNA表达水平明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论罗格列酮对D-GalN/LPS小鼠急性肝衰竭有保护作用,可改善肝细胞炎症和坏死,降低急性肝衰竭的死亡率,其机制可能与罗格列酮下调TNF-α、Caspase-3的表达有关。     

抗凝与非抗凝血液标本对4项传染性指标酶联免疫吸附试验的影响

目的：探讨抗凝与非抗凝血液标本4项传染性指标酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测结果是否存在差别。方法：方法：①留取380人份经枸橼酸-枸橼酸钠抗凝的血液标本及非抗凝的血标本各一管,进行平行检测。②本中心2007年8—10月初次ELISA检测0．8≤S／CO≤1的32人份抗凝血样标本,进行抗凝血与非抗凝血标本各一孔ELISA试验复试,观察2孔的复试结果是否一致。③对本中心2007年6—10月的15份重复反应性标本初次检测结果与双孔复试结果进行单因素方差分析。结果：①配对t检验发现380人份标本的平行试验,部分项目结果差异有统计学意义。②32份初次检测0．8≤S／CO≤1的抗凝血标本,经抗凝血与非抗凝血标本各一孔复试后,复试结果一致率达96．88％。③15份重复反应性标本初次检测结果与双孔复试结果单因素方差分析,差异无统计学意义。结论：采用枸橼酸-枸橼酸钠抗凝血标本,对血液4项传染性指标ELISA初次检测结果存在着一定干扰,但经抗凝血与非抗凝血标本各一孔复试后,这种干扰可以消除。     

江阴市临床用血情况调查分析

目的:分析江阴地区临床用血情况,探讨如何合理安排采血计划,为临床用血提供保障。方法:对江阴血站2011-2013年临床用血情况进行分析。结果:江阴地区5~8月份、11~12月份用血量较大,各血型用血量为AOBAB。结论:分析江阴地区临床用血量的变化趋势,为血源管理提供依据,为保障临床用血提出思路。     

Impact of obstetric factors on cord blood donation for transplantation

Recent reports have shown that low nucleated cell dose significantly decreases survival after cord blood transplantation. Prior to starting clinical cord blood banking we investigated the impact of obstetric factors on cell dose and volume of cord blood donations. Cord blood was obtained from 114 normal full-term deliveries. Mean volume collected was 93.5 ml, mean total nucleated cell count (TNC) was 13.1 x 108. Statistical analysis was by backwards stepwise regression. Significant factors affecting nucleated cell yield were volume of blood collected (P < 0.001), length of gestation (P < 0. 0001), time from delivery of the infant to cord clamping (P = 0.018) and total length of labour (P = 0.002). In clinical cord blood banking we have successfully used these findings for pre-collection assessment of placentae. Out of 476 cord blood donations subsequently collected for banking, only 29 (6.1%) have been discarded due to low volume. The mean TNC of the 409 banked units following volume reduction was 10.1 x 108. Despite careful optimization of collection, processing and storage techniques, cell dose still limits cord blood transplantation to smaller recipients.     

多次机采血小板对献血员血常规的影响

目的：监测机采血小板献血者的血常规,评估多次机采血小板对献血者健康状况的影响。方法：分别检测献血者献血前和献血后1个月和6个月血常规,并进行对比分析。结果：白细胞计数、淋巴细胞比率、单核细胞比率、中性粒细胞比率、淋巴细胞计数、单核细胞计数和血小板计数等血液常规项目在机采血小板前后没有明显改变。结论：体检合格的血小板献血者,定期单采血小板对献血员的血常规和健康状况没有明显影响。     

Influence of Plasma Proteins on Erythrocyte Morphology and Sedimentation

The influence of plasma proteins on erythrocytes was studied by interference microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and by Westergren erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Albumin kept erythrocytes dispersed as discoid spheres. Fibrinogen seemed responsible for the rouleaux phenomenon, but needed the co-influence of an immunoglobulin to induce rouleaux type of aggregates and high ESR. IgG, IgA and IgM caused immunologic type of aggregates. Albumin acted synergistically with fibrinogen and immunoglobulins. Normal blood contained a network of rouleaux, which probably explained the low normal ESR. High ESR was either due to rouleaux type aggregates where fibrinogen was dominant, or immunologic type aggregates where IgG, IgA or IgM were dominant proteins. Cold agglutinin disease showed normal blood morphology and normal ESR at 37°C and immunologic type aggregates and high ESR at 25°C.     

Effect of Hypotensive Drugs on the Circadian Blood Pressure Pattern in Essential Hypertension: a Comparative Study

To compare the effect of four drug groups on the ambulatorycircadian blood pressure (BP) pattern, amiloride hydrochlorothiazide,atenolol, nifedipine, and perindopril (5/50 mg/d, 100 mg/d, 40mg/d, and 4 mg/d respectively, for 14 days) were alternated in eachof 20 essential hypertension patients. Diuretics induced the largest (P<0.05) drop in mean 24-hour systolic BP (–12 mmHg, P < 0.001).Atenolol reduced only its standard deviation, and nifedipine reduced onlythe mean daytime systolic BP (P < 0.05). The mean 24-hour diastolic BPwas equally reduced by all drugs except nifedipine, which only reduced (P< 0.05) the mean daytime value. The mean 24-hour heart rate wasdecreased by atenolol (P < 0.001), increased by diuretics (P <0.05), and unchanged with perindopril, while nifedipine increased (P < 0.05) only its night-time value. In conclusion, diuretics were the strongest agents in reducing systolic BP, atenolol the only agent thatreduced variability, perindopril the only agent that did not affect theheart rate, and nifedipine reduced only daytime BP values.     

吸烟对正常血压者24小时动态血压的影响

目的为了阐明吸烟对正常血压者血压的影响。方法对６６例吸烟的男性正常血压者与６２例年龄、体重指数及偶测血压相同的不吸烟正常血压者进行２４小时动态血压监测。结果吸烟组２４小时、白昼、夜间平均血压及血压负荷均高于不吸烟组，白天血压及血压负荷相差非常显著（Ｐ≤０．００５）；从２４小时血压波动曲线图显示，吸烟者２４小时ＳＢＰ、ＤＢＰ均高于不吸烟组，分为白天相差显著、夜间无显著性差异及开始吸烟和停止吸烟后的血压不稳定三个阶段；吸烟组心率快于不吸烟组，２４小时及白昼相差显著，而夜间相差不显著。结论吸烟可引起正常血压者血压升高及心率加快，尤其是白天吸烟后血压升高和心率加快更明显。     

Effects of Long-Term Bromocriptine Treatment on Catecholamine Excretion and on Circulatory Adaptation to Orthostasis and to Exercise in Patients with Hyperprolactinemia

ABSTRACT. Sympatho-adrenally regulated mechanisms of the circulatory system have been studied in seven patients with hyperprolactinemia in order to evaluate the effects of long-term (1–3 months) treatment with bromocriptine. Before treatment catecholamine excretion was within the normal range. Blood volume was low and there was a marked heart rate reaction to orthostasis. ECG showed no abnormalities. Blood pressure and ECG reaction during exercise were normal. The blood pressure heart rate response to handgrip was less marked than in healthy young men. During bromocriptine treatment, serum prolactin levels normalized in all but one patient. Total catecholamine excretion was lowered. Body weight diminished. Resting heart rate and blood pressure fell significantly. Blood volume per kg body weight remained unchanged as did the orthostatic heart rate increase. The circulatory response to handgrip was less marked than before therapy. It seems that long-term bromocriptine therapy provokes a cardiovascular pattern reflecting an inhibition of sympatho-adrenal activity.