内镜治疗急性胆源性胰腺炎66例临床分析

目的探讨急性胆源性胰腺炎早期内镜治疗的临床疗效。方法 152例急性胆源性胰腺炎患者随机分成治疗组66例及对照组86例,所有病例除给予积极的综合治疗外,治疗组行内镜下逆行胰胆管造影及内镜下十二指肠乳头肌切开术,与同期行保守治疗患者(对照组)进行比较。结果内镜治疗组患者腹痛消失时间、血清淀粉酶恢复正常时间、肝功好转、平均住院天数等指标均低于对照组,2组比较差异有显著性。结论急性胆源性胰腺炎早期行内镜下介入治疗安全有效,减少重症患者死亡率。     

早期内镜干预治疗重症急性胆源性胰腺炎的疗效观察

目的探讨早期内镜干预治疗重症急性胆源性胰腺炎的临床疗效。方法30例重症急性胆源性胰腺炎患者分为3组：保守组、内镜组、手术组，每组10例，分别接受保守治疗、早期内镜干预治疗以及手术治疗，观察其疗效及并发症。结果内镜组患者均获治愈，疗效明显优于非内镜组。结论早期内镜干预可解除胆胰管开口梗阻，通畅引流。微创、安全、有效，是治疗重症急性胆源性胰腺炎的理想方法。     

早期内镜治疗急性胆源性胰腺炎

目的　探讨急性胆源性胰腺炎的治疗方法。方法　 2 8例急性胆源性胰腺炎患者接受早期内镜逆行胆管造影和乳头切开减压治疗 ,并于常规治疗的 2 7例进行临床对比观察。结果　急性胆源性胰腺炎患者早期内镜减压治疗 ,可早期缓解症状 ,减轻病情 ,提高治愈率 ,缩短住院时间等。结论　早期内镜减压治疗急性胆源性胰腺炎患者 ,具有创伤小、生理干扰少、恢复快、安全可靠等优点。急性胰腺炎患者一旦明确为胆源性 ,即应早期内镜减压治疗     

急性胆源性胰腺炎的急诊内镜治疗

目的 探讨急性胆源性胰腺炎患者早期行内镜下逆行胰胆管造影检查和治疗的临床疗效及安全性.方法 59例急性胆源性胰腺炎住院患者,其中急诊内镜治疗31例,在一般内科治疗基础上,24～72 h内行内镜下逆行胰管造影检查和治疗 保守治疗（对照组）28例,观察两组的疗效和安全性.结果 内镜下逆行胰管造影组治愈率为94.74%,明显高于对照组的80.95%（P〈0.05）,未发生与内镜操作有关的严重并发症.与对照组相比,内镜下逆行胰管造影组平均住院时间、腹痛缓解时间、淀粉酶恢复正常时间、体温及白细胞复常时间等临床指征均明显短于对照组（P〈0.01）.结论 急诊内镜下逆行胰管造影治疗急性胆源性胰腺炎具有微创、安全、有效,可快速解除胰胆管开口的阻力及防止胆汁胰管反流,抑制病情的进一步恶化,是治疗急性胆源性胰腺炎的理想方法.     

胆源性胰腺炎的临床治疗观察

目的：通过采用内镜介入治疗胆源性胰腺炎患者的临床观察,从而研究出效果高、针对性强的治疗方法。方法：选取笔者所在医院2009年9月-2011年9月52例胆源性胰腺炎患者,随机分成两组,观察组采用内镜介入治疗法,对照组采用内科保守治疗法。观察两组患者腹痛缓解程度及时间、以血清淀粉酶恢复的正常有效时间、并发症发生率及病死率为指标,采取统计学分析。结果：通过对两组患者的治疗观察,两组患者的各项指标比较差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：对胆源性胰腺炎患者,经过内镜介入治疗,具有治疗效果佳、安全性高等特点,可作为临床治疗的可靠性方法。     

内镜介入联合清胰利胆汤治疗急性胆源性胰腺炎的临床分析

目的研究分析内镜介入联合清胰利胆汤治疗急性胆源性胰腺炎患者的疗效。方法选择2013年9月~2014年8月收治的100例急性胆源性胰腺炎患者作为研究对象。以数字法随机分为观察组及对照组各50例。对照组以中药口服以及灌肠治疗,观察组在治疗过程中实施内镜介入。比较两组治疗疗效。结果观察组症状体征恢复正常时间较对照组明显缩短,差异有统计学意义(p<0.05)。观察组疗效评价中优者以及优良率均明显大于对照组,差异有统计学意义(p<0.05)。观察组各项生化指标恢复正常的时间较对照组明显缩短(p<0.05)。结论内镜介入治疗联合中药制剂对于急性胆源性胰腺炎的疗效明显优于单纯使用中药制剂的疗效,安全性较高,值得临床推荐使用。     

治疗性ERCP在急性胆源性胰腺炎的临床疗效分析

目的对发病早期(72h)患有急性胆源性胰腺炎的病人行ERCP(内镜逆行胰胆管造影)、EST(内镜下括约肌切开术)、ENBD(内镜下鼻胆管引流术)等诊断及微创治疗,以动态评价治疗性ERCP的安全性和临床疗效。方法随机将100例急性胆源性胰腺炎患者分为A、B两组,A组行ERCP检查和治疗,B组行内科保守疗,分别观察两组的腹痛缓解时间、胰腺炎相关的并发症的发生率、病死率及住院时间,及治疗后前3d的血淀粉酶、白细胞数、体温的动态变化。结果患者A组较B组在48h、72h血淀粉酶、白细胞数、体温的动态变化显著,两组的腹痛缓解时间、胰腺炎相关的并发症的发生率及住院时间差异显著。结论在早期急性胆源性胰腺炎的临床中,治疗性ERCP是安全、有效的方法。     

早期内镜诊断和治疗隐匿型胆源性胰腺炎

目的 探讨早期内镜诊断和治疗隐匿型胆源性胰腺炎的临床价值.方法 2007年1月至2009年12月完成的93例急性胰腺炎早期内镜治疗,常规进行内镜乳头切开,观察治疗后症状缓解和复发情况.结果 急性胆源性胰腺炎占62.4%(58/93),其中经内镜诊治隐匿型胆源性胰腺炎占27.6%(16/58),内镜治疗缓解率93.8%(15/16),无手术和复发病例.结论 隐匿型胆源性胰腺炎占有一定的比例,容易漏诊和复发,内镜是目前最有效的诊断和治疗方法.     

治疗性经内镜逆行胰胆管造影术在急性胆源性胰腺炎中的应用

目的 探讨治疗性经内镜逆行胰胆管造影术(ERCP)对急性胆源性胰腺炎的治疗效果.方法 2009年11月至2011年4月行治疗性ERCP的23例急性胆源性胰腺炎患者,其中重症急性胰腺炎4例,轻症急性胰腺炎19例.对重症急性胰腺炎或考虑合并有化脓性胆管炎患者于发病72h内行急诊ERCP选择性插管以及内镜下十二指肠乳头括约肌切开术(EST)、内镜下鼻胆管引流术(ENBD),待病情稳定择期行内镜下胆管取石或外科手术治疗;对轻症急性胰腺炎患者行内科非手术治疗,待血淀粉酶明显下降后,行磁共振逆行胰胆管造影术(MRCP)评估胆总管梗阻情况,再行内镜下一次性取石.结果 23例患者内镜下插管成功率100％,其中ERCP选择性插管20例,EST 3例.并发胆道出血1例,经内镜下局部止血成功,并发ERCP术后高淀粉酶血症7例,无严重并发症和死亡病例.14例达临床治愈,9例于外科择期行腹腔镜胆囊切除术、胆管探查术、联合部分肝叶切除术.结论治疗性ERCP对急性胆源性胰腺炎的干预治疗是一种有效、安全的手段.     

治疗性ERCP在急性胆源性胰腺炎的临床疗效分析

目的 对发病早期(72 h)患有急性胆源性胰腺炎的病人行ERCP(内镜逆行胰胆管造影)、EST(内镜下括约肌切开术)、ENBD(内镜下鼻胆管引流术)等诊断及微创治疗.以动态评价治疗性EKCP的安全性和临床疗效.方法 随机将100例急性胆源性胰腺炎患者分为A、B两组,A组行ERCP检查和治疗,B组行内科保守疗.分别观察两组的腹痛缓解时间、胰腺炎相关的并发症的发生率、病死率及住院时间,及治疗后前3 d的血淀粉酶、白细胞数、体温的动态变化.结果 患者A组较B组在48 h、72 h血淀粉酶、白细胞数、体温的动态变化显著,两组的腹痛缓解时间、胰腺炎相关的并发症的发生率及住院时间差异显著.结论 在早期急性胆源性胰腺炎的临床中,治疗性EKCP是安全、有效的方法.     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The occurrence of antimicrobial substances in toilet,sink and shower drainpipes of clinical units: A neglected source of antibiotic residues

Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L^?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L^?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.