Stress, social support, and psychological distress of family caregivers of the elderly

The effects of stress and social support and their interaction with the psychological well-being of 87 family caregivers of impaired elderly were examined. Perceived stress and satisfaction with support accounted for 32% to 36% of the variance in psychological distress or depression, p less than .001; however, when characteristics of the caregiver situation were included in the models, the effects of perceived stress were found to be spurious. The revised models accounted for 44% to 48% of the variance in psychological distress or depression, p less than .000, and included years of caregiving and mental impairment of the elder instead of perceived stress. Although there were no buffering effects for social support, main effects accounted for 19% to 22% of the variance in psychological distress or depression. The findings indicate that caregivers who are caring for a mentally impaired elder, who have been providing care for an extended time, and who have low social support are at high risk for psychological distress or depression.     

Responses of elderly spouse caregivers

In this paper three categories of variables were identified to predict spouses' reactions to caregiving roles: patient characteristics, the caregiving environment, and characteristics of the caregiver. Measures of these variables were administered to 159 spouse caregivers. Four domains of caregivers' responses were identified: negative emotional reactions, feelings of responsibility for the patient, feelings of abandonment by family, and impact of caregiving on daily schedules. These domains were influenced most by patient negative behaviors, physical health, and age, and by caregiver age, employment, and emotional status. Amount of assistance, affective support, and hours of care also were predictive of spouse responses.     

照顾者与住院老年患者跌倒相关性的研究

目的分析照顾者与老年患者跌倒发生率的相关性,为制定护理预防措施及相关宣教内容提供科学依据。方法抽取北京市10个城区的10所医院274名老年人进行问卷调查。结果老年患者在有人照顾的情况下跌倒发生率为31.97%,①亲属照顾跌倒率为67.98%,高于非亲属照顾跌倒率43.75%。②有照顾经历者跌倒率为65.33%,高于无照顾经历者跌倒率50.81%。③经专业培训或非专业培训者跌倒率低于未培训凭经验者跌倒率。结论照顾者的身份、经历、照顾知识来源与住院老年患者跌倒发生率具有相关性,应加强对照顾者护理专业知识的培训和管理,强化其安全意识,最大程度降低住院老年患者跌倒发生率。     

Teaching families to be caregivers for the elderly

Abstract The number of elderly citizens in Samoa is increasing and caregivers are needed to meet the challenge of home care. Nurses provided a low-cost and effective workshop for family caregivers of the elderly. The purposes of the study were to determine a relatively inexpensive method to educate many caregivers; to determine the impact of the workshops on the individual caregivers; to assess the impact on the care given to the elderly as a result of the workshops and to determine potential policy issues related to the elderly for Samoa. The results of this qualitative study indicate information sessions were effective, a support network for the caregivers developed, the quality of care of the elderly improved, community awareness about the needs of the elderly increased, and an interdisciplinary group met to formulate a policy for government action to provide needed services for the elderly.     

Strain on caregivers of demented elderly people living at home

Forty-six patients with senile dementia and their primary caregivers were studied. The strain score of the caregiver and the mental and behavioural deviation of the patients were estimated. Memory problems, listlessness, apathetic, critical and demanding behaviour and urinary incontinence were the most disturbing features of the patients. Eighty-five percent of the caregivers felt despair and anger and 75% complained of chronic fatigue. There was a statistical significant correlation between caregivers strain on one hand, and duration of symptoms, degree of dementia and deviation of behaviour on the other hand. Elderly women caring for their husbands and daughters caring for their parents were especially at risk. Future services must concentrate on maintaining the ability of caregivers to proceed the caring task.     

照顾者虐待老年人危险行为的影响因素分析

目的了解照顾者虐待老年人危险行为的影响因素。方法运用照顾者虐待老年人评估量表中文版(caregiver abuse screening,CASE)对广州市4个社区104名老年人照顾者进行调查。结果照顾者的文化程度、老年人的婚姻状况和自理能力状况是虐待危险行为的影响因素,OR值分别是0.408、2.524和2.979。照顾者的学历是虐待危险行为的保护因素,照顾者文化程度越高,虐待危险行为越低;而老年人丧偶和生活不能自理是照顾者虐待行为的危险因素。结论应采取多种有效的措施,缓解老年人照顾者的困难和压力,从而降低老年人照顾者虐待危险行为,进而降低老年人被虐待的发生率,提高老年人的生活质量。     

社区失能老人主要照顾者赋权能力现状的调查

目的了解社区失能老人主要照顾者的赋权能力。方法以北京市3个社区共220名失能老人及其主要照顾者为研究对象,采用ADL量表评价失能老人的日常生活能力,采用主要照顾者的赋权能力量表评价主要照顾者的赋权能力。结果 220名主要照顾者的赋权能力得分为(156.98±13.82)分,得分最低的维度是"个人资源",得分最高的维度是"与被照顾者的关系"。结论照顾者的赋权能力处于中等水平,他们对失能老人的照顾知识和技能有待提高,部分照顾者存在着过度照顾的现象。应对失能老人照顾者提供培训,提高其赋权能力,改善照顾质量。     

老年家庭照顾者负荷相关研究进展

介绍了照顾者负荷对照顾者本身、照顾对象、社会带来的影响,呼吁社会关注照顾者这个弱势群体,提出构建老年人社会支持系统的必要性.     

老年人家庭照顾者健康需求问卷的开发与研究

目的编制老年人家庭照顾者健康需求问卷,并测定其信度和效度,为评估老年人家庭照顾者健康需求,提高其健康水平提供量化工具。方法以 Gorden 的11项功能性健康形态为理论构架,结合老年人照顾者角色特点,从照顾老年人所需知识和技能及社会支持需求2个纬度,共32个条目全面了解照顾者的健康需求。并对257名家庭照顾者进行调查,对该问卷进行信度和效度检验。结果老年人家庭照顾者健康需求问卷的内部一致性信度 Cronbach's α为0.97;内容效度(CVI)为0.92;重测效度为0.92;专家评定内容效度、表面效度可靠;主成分分析有较好的结构效度。结论老年人家庭照顾者健康需求问卷具有较好的信度和效度,具有临床应用意义。     

老年人照顾者的健康状况及其影响因素的调查分析

目的 评估社区老年人照顾者的健康状况,并分析其影响因素,以提高照顾者的健康水平.方法 选择上海市徐汇、虹口、扬浦3个区老年人照顾者作为研究对象,使用简明健康状况调查问卷SF-36对照顾者的健康状况进行调查.结果 不同年龄组的照顾者其健康状况有所不同,总体而言,照顾者的健康状况都有不同程度下降,且照顾者的年龄越大,其健康状况越差.影响照顾者健康状况的因素包括:照顾者的年龄、宗教信仰、职业、与被照顾老人的关系、能否提供好照顾、压力大小及被照顾老人的医疗费用支出.结论 照顾老年人使照顾者自己的健康状况受到不同程度影响,应关注和重视照顾者的健康并开展相关服务,以提高其健康水平,从而为老年人提供更好的照顾.     

The attitude of Japanese family caregivers toward the elderly with dementia

This research examined family caregivers' attitudes toward their elderly relatives living with dementia. A convenience sample of fifty-nine Japanese caregivers was used. Caregiver attitudes were investigated multi-dimensionally (negative attitude, attitude of acceptance, and attitude of active interaction) using a questionnaire developed specifically for this study. The dimensions did not correlate with one another but were associated with different caregiver/elderly characteristics: i.e., negative attitude with short stay use, length of time caregivers and elderly relatives were living together and problem behaviors; attitude of acceptance with sleeping pill use and the type of relationship; and attitude of active interaction with dementia diagnosis. The results have implications for nurses in facilitating constructive caregiver attitudes.     

The effects of nonprofessional caregivers on the rehospitalization of elderly recipients in home healthcare

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of the presence and types of nonprofessional caregivers on the rehospitalization of elderly recipients in home healthcare (HHC). Outcome and Assessment Information Set records of 9832 elderly recipients discharged from hospitals were selected for multivariate analyses. The likelihood of rehospitalization among elderly recipients of HHC did not vary on the basis of the presence and types of nonprofessional caregivers. The findings suggest that when elderly patients are receiving formal HHC services, their risk for rehospitalization is not affected by the presence or the specific types of nonprofessional caregivers.     

老年卧床出院病人家庭照顾者照顾能力的调查研究

[目的]调查老年卧床出院病人家庭照顾者的照顾能力,为家庭护理干预的开展提供依据。[方法]采用问卷调查的方式对60例老年卧床出院病人家庭主要照顾者进行调查。[结果]老年卧床出院病人主要照顾者日常生活方面的照顾知识和技能掌握较好,对病人的活动、康复技能掌握程度较差。[结论]出院前应对照顾者护理知识和技能进行评估,有针对性地培训,提高老年卧床出院病人家庭照顾水平。     

居家老年临终患者主要照顾者照护需求的调查

目的 调查居家老年临终患者主要照顾者照护需求并探究其影响因素.方法 对214名居家老年临终患者主要照顾者采用Katzs ADL量表和自设居家老年临终患者主要照顾者照护需求调查表进行问卷调查.结果 居家老年临终患者主要照顾者照护需求总分为(94.86±10.03)分,各维度中以医疗照护需求得分最高,约为(27.04±3.32)分,精神慰藉需求得分最低,约为(21.95±3.01)分;性别、家庭照护负担程度及自感健康状况是影响居家老年临终患者主要照顾者照护需求的主要影响因素(均P<0.01).结论 居家老年临终患者主要照顾者照护需求呈中上水平,且受多个因素影响.医护人员应进行综合评估,制定个性化服务方案以满足居家老年临终患者主要照顾者的照护需求,共同提高老年临终患者及主要照顾者的生活质量.     

老年卧床出院病人家庭照顾者照顾能力的调查研究

[目的]调查老年卧床出院病人家庭照顾者的照顾能力,为家庭护理干预的开展提供依据。[方法]采用问卷调查的方式对60例老年卧床出院病人家庭主要照顾者进行调查。[结果]老年卧床出院病人主要照顾者日常生活方面的照顾知识和技能掌握较好,对病人的活动、康复技能掌握程度较差。[结论]出院前应对照顾者护理知识和技能进行评估,有针对性地培训,提高老年卧床出院病人家庭照顾水平。