酚妥拉明与强的松治疗急性甲型淤胆型肝炎的疗效对比

近5年来,作者分别用酚妥拉明、强的松治疗急性甲型淤胆型肝炎各25例,现就其疗效对比分析如下。 1 对象和方法 1.1 对象 本组50例急性甲型淤胆型肝炎符合1984年全国病毒性肝炎南宁会议修订的淤胆型肝炎诊断标准。其中男34例,女16例,年龄16-43岁。血清胆红素(STB)浓度均>170μmol/L,黄疸持续3周以上,伴有皮肤搔痒,同时抗HAV-IgM( ),乙肝标记物(-),B超检查可排除肝内外     

拉米夫定治疗慢性乙型重型肝炎的疗效观察

目的观察拉米夫定治疗慢性乙型重型肝炎的临床疗效及安全性。方法选择我院2002年4月至2004年8月所收治的慢性乙型重型肝炎患者66例,分治疗组39例,对照组27例,分别在不同时期给予拉米夫定治疗72周,观察其疗效与不良反应。结果治疗组疗效明显优于对照组,有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论拉米夫定治疗慢性乙型重型肝炎,能提高患者救治成功率,安全性好,及早使用疗效较好。     

淤胆汤治疗急性淤胆型肝炎疗效观察

目的回顾性分析淤胆汤治疗急性淤胆型肝炎的临床疗效。方法选取本院2009年1月至2011年12月诊断为急性淤胆型肝炎的住院患者86例,根据治疗中是否应用中药"淤胆汤"分为单纯西药治疗组(A组,45例)和西药联合淤胆汤治疗组(B组,41例),观察治疗后8周两组中医症候评分,生化学指标改善情况和治疗有效率。结果 A、B两组患者中医症候评分下降分别为(26.99±2.02)分和(28.13±2.37)分,TBil下降中位数分别为242.45μmol/L和312.65μmol/L,GGT下降中位数分别为57.00 U/L和116.50 U/L,ALP下降中位数分别为68 U/L和91 U/L,TBA下降中位数分别为170.50μmol/L和191.50μmol/L,总有效率分别为80.00%和95.12%,差异有统计学意义(P=0.032、0.036)。A、B两组患者ALT下降中位数分别为645.50 U/L和613.25 U/L,差异无统计学意义(P=0.0897)。结论西药联合淤胆汤治疗急性淤胆型肝炎对中医症候积分的改善、生物化学指标的改善及有效率等方面优于纯西药治疗组。中医辩证施治,凉血活血、清热化湿法在治疗急性淤胆型肝炎方面值得积极推广。     

高压氧治疗慢性淤胆型肝炎30例

目的：观察高压氧（ＨＢＯ）治疗慢性淤胆型肝炎（ＣＣＨ）患者的疗效。方法：采用纯氧单仓（２．５ＭＰａ,２ｈ／ｄ,１０ｄ／ｃｙｃ,６ｃｙｃ治疗３０例ＣＣＨ。在治疗前、后用肝血流量。仪和多普勒Ｂ超测定患者肝血流收缩波和门静脉右支血流量。取算术均数,行Ｔ检验。结果：治疗后患者收缩流和肝门静脉右支血流量明显升高;患者临床太和肝功能明显改善。与治疗前比较,差异显著（Ｐ〈０．０５）。结论：ＨＢＯ治疗ＣＣＨ,有较     

慢性淤胆型肝炎高压氧治疗前后肝组织学变化的观察

观察慢性淤胆型肝炎（ＣＣＨ）高压氧（ＨＢＯ）治疗前后肝组织学结构变化,用纯氧单仓治疗（２．５ＭＰａ,２ｈ／ｄ,１０ｄ／ｃｙｃ,６ｃｙｃ）１０例ＣＣＨ,治疗前后肝穿,病理检查,９例肝细胞和毛细胆管淤胆减轻明显,７例肝细胞变性坏死,汇管区炎症减轻明显（Ｐ〈０．０５）;３例肝间质纤维化轻度减轻（Ｐ〉０．０５）;３例肝脏炎症及纤维化程度改善不明显,ＨＢＯ治疗ＣＣＨ有较好的退黄和减轻肝脏组织结构损伤的作用。     

淤胆型肝炎中医治疗近况

淤胆型肝炎,是急、慢性病毒性肝炎的一种临床类型。长期胆汁淤积是导致继发性机械阻塞的因素,且易形成恶性循环,使淤胆型肝炎反复发作。近十余年来,中医治疗本病取得了一定疗效,现将有关文献综述如下:     

凯时加赤丹汤治疗慢性乙型重度淤胆型肝炎30例

1 资料与方法 1.1 临床资料 60例患者均为我院住院病人,诊断符合1995年全国传染病与寄生虫病学术会议修订的病毒性肝炎诊断标准:其中男49例,女11例,年龄24～64岁,平均37.5岁,血清胆红素在252～581μmol/l之间,D/T>60％,影像学排除肝外阻塞,病程在2～10年,平均4.5年,随机分为2组。 1.2 治疗方法 治疗组:患者采用广州绿十字药业有限公司生产的凯时     

川芎嗪注射液联合肝素钠与口服熊去氧胆酸治疗慢性淤胆型肝炎疗效观察

探讨与观察川芎嗪注射液联合肝素钠与口服熊去氧胆酸治疗慢性淤胆型肝炎的临床疗效和安全性,并与苦黄注射液进行比较。56例随机分为治疗组(29例)和对照组(27例),治疗组采用川芎嗪注射液(120-200)mg加入50%葡萄糖250ml缓慢静滴,每日1次;联合肝素钠注射液6250单位加入0．9％生理盐水150ml静滴,(20～30)滴／分,每日2次;同时配合熊去氧胆酸片(UDCA)每次(150～250)mg,每日3次口服。对照组用苦黄注射液30ml加入5％葡萄糖250ml静滴,每日1次,疗程均(5～8)周。治疗组总有效率86．2％,对照组62．9％,两组比较有显著性差异(P<0．05)。治疗组治疗后肝功能指标(TBil、ALT、ALP、GGT)均较对照组明显下降,差异显著。提示川芎嗪注射液联合肝素钠与口服UDCA治疗慢性淤胆型肝炎疗效肯定,价廉安全,适合临床普及推广。     

小剂量肝素、立其丁联合治疗慢性淤胆型肝炎疗效观察

探讨小剂量肝素、立其丁联合治疗慢性淤胆型肝炎的临床疗效和安全性，并与对照组(苦黄)比较疗效及肝功能指标的变化。75例入围患者随机分成治疗组(38例)和对照组(37例)，治疗组用立其丁针10mg和肝素针50mg加入10％葡萄糖液150ml中缓慢静脉滴注，每分钟20-30滴，每日一次；对照组用苦黄针40ml加入10％葡萄糖液加250ml中静脉滴注，每日一次。疗程均为5—6周。治疗组显效率59％，有效率86％，对照组显效率36％，有效率64％，两组比较有显著性差异(P＜0．05)，治疗组治疗后的STB，SCB，ALT均比对照组低，有统计学差异。提示小剂量肝素、立其丁联合治疗慢性淤胆型肝炎疗效肯定，优于苦黄，没有明显不良反应。     

Pretreatment and on-treatment predictors of viral breakthrough in lamivudine therapy for chronic hepatitis B

Purpose  There are remarkable advances in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in the last few years. Unfortunately, prolonged antiviral treatment is associated with increasing risk of drug resistance/viral breakthrough (VBT), which may lead to flare-up and rapid decompensation. We have designed this study to predict the pretreatment and on-treatment factors responsible for development of VBT. Methods  This study was conducted during the period of February 2000 to November 2007. We have included 423 patients who received lamivudine (LAM) therapy for at least 1 year and at least 2 follow-ups at 6 months’ interval. Follow-up period was 12–78 months. Chi-square test, student's t test, and logistic regression analysis were performed to prove the validity. Results  Of the 423 study cases, 367 (86.8%) were of male patients and 261 (61.7%) patients were HBeAg positive; the age of the patients was 30.8 ± 12.9 years. Development of VBT was 4.4, 22.8, 45.3, and 74% at 1, 2, 3, and 4 or more years, respectively. Pretreatment high HBV DNA (P = 0.005) and female sex (P = 0.01) were associated with VBT and pretherapy ALT (P = 0.698), HBeAg status (P = 0.273), and age (P = 0.059) were not associated. Duration of treatment, failure to lose HBeAg at 1 year, and HBV DNA nonresponder at 6 months were significantly (P = 0.001) associated with development of VBT. Conclusion  Persistence of HBeAg at 1 year and HBV DNA nonresponder at 6 months are good predictors of development of VBT.     

国产拉米夫定治疗慢性乙型肝炎少年患者的疗效与安全性研究

目的 探讨国产拉米夫定治疗慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)少年患者的疗效及安全性。方法 随机对105例l2～16岁的CHB病毒感染者予以口服国产拉米夫定片剂100mg／d，共52周，基线丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)水平异常者为第1组，基线ALT水平正常者为第2组。评价治疗前后患者血清乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)DNA、HBV标志物、ALT变化，同时记录不良事件。结果 治疗52周时血清HBV DNA阴转率第1组为92．0％，第2组为76．1％;第1组在治疗12、24、52周时ALT复常率分别为59．0％、66．7％和76．0％；HBV DNA阴转伴ALT复常率分别为44．9％，64．1％与70．7％。治疗52周时，第1组乙型肝炎e抗原(HBeAg)血清转换率为23．9％，HBeAg血清转换并有I{BVDNA阴转率为22．5％，第2组均为14．2％，两组比较差异无显著性；在治疗期间发生的不良事件中，仅有6例次可能与拉米夫定有关，无严重不良事件发生。结论 有HBV活动复制的CHB少年患者，用国产拉米夫定治疗52周安全有效，能迅速抑制HBV复制，并使大多数患者ALT正常化，部分患者发生HBeAg阴转或血清转换且有随基线ALT水平升高而增加的趋势。     

拉米夫定治疗慢性重型肝炎疗效观察

将45例慢性重型乙型肝炎患者随机分为治疗组22例、对照组23例.治疗组在综合保肝治疗的基础上口服拉米夫定100mg、每日1次,对照组仅用综合保肝治疗,疗程均为1年;观察症状、体征、肝功能、血清HBVM和HBVDNA的变化.结果显示,治疗后两组患者症状体征均有一定程度的改善;治疗结束时,治疗组治愈好转率(95.45%)高于对照组(73.91%),病死率(4.5%)低于对照组(17.39%),P均＜0.05.治疗前治疗组13例HBVDNA阴性、9例阳性(650.47±597.22fg/ml),治疗后阴性者持续阴性,阳性者均逐渐转阴;对照组15例HBVDNA阴性、8例阳性(579.52±542.86fg/ml),治疗后阴性者6例阳转,阳性者持续阳性.治疗3个月时,治疗组ALT复常率高于对照组;治疗8个月后治疗组复发率4.7%(1/21),对照组为57.14%(8/14),P＜0.01.提示拉米夫定治疗慢性重型乙型肝炎可使病毒持久转阴,复发率和病死率低.     

拉米夫定对慢性乙型肝炎疗效的组织病理学分析

目的从病理组织学和免疫组织化学改变的角度分析拉米夫定的疗效.方法13例慢性乙型肝炎患者予拉米夫定100 mg/d,连用1年.治疗前后在超声导向下行肝脏活检,切片HE染色和网纤染色,对炎症活动度(HAI)和纤维化程度作计分评价.HBsAg和HBcAg用免疫组化(LSAB)法检测.结果13例患者拉米夫定治疗后血清HBV DNA全部转为阴性(＜1.6 pg/ml),组织学炎症活动度计分由5.23±2.99降为3.54±1.55(P＜0.05);纤维化程度计分由2.61±1.15降为1.92±1.21(P＞0.05).免疫组化5例HBsAg由弥漫性胞浆型表达转变为散在包涵体样型表达,其中4例HBcAg由胞浆型表达为主转变为核型表达为主.结论拉米夫定持续用药可使肝组织炎症活动度计分尤其是碎屑坏死改善(P＜0.05);血清HBV DNA阴转,肝组织HBsAg、HBcAg表达量减少.     

Four cases of hepatitis B virus-related fibrosing cholestatic hepatitis treated with lamivudine

Fibrosing cholestatic hepatitis (FCH) is a rare and extremely severe form of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. This condition was originally described in HBV-infected recipients after a liver transplantation. Recently, FCH has been reported not only in liver transplant recipients, but also in other immunosuppressed patients. It is characterized clinically by cholestatic hepatic dysfunction, and pathologically by severe periportal fibrosis, cholestasis, widespread balloon degeneration of hepatocytes, and only a mild infiltration of inflammatory cells. Without treatment, FCH is universally fatal within a few months of diagnosis. There have been only two isolated case reports of FCH with long-term patient survival, and one case report with treatment failure after lamivudine therapy. Because of the rarity of this clinical entity, the therapeutic efficacy of lamivudine in patients with FCH cannot be evaluated systematically. Here, we present four patients with HBV-related FCH treated with lamivudine. One received antineoplastic therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and the other three were renal graft recipients. Two patients who developed FCH after a renal transplantation survived with an improvement in liver function and were followed up for 20 and 30 months, respectively, and were found to be in good health. However, the other two patients died of sepsis, possibly as a consequence of the immunosuppression with hepatic failure despite lamivudine treatment. Our experience suggests that lamivudine can alter the grave natural history of FCH.     

Combination therapy of lamivudine and adefovir in Japanese patients with chronic hepatitis B

Purpose  This study aimed to clarify the long-term efficacy of the lamivudine treatment in Japanese patients with chronic hepatitis B either with or without lamivudine resistance or with or without adefovir add-on treatment. Methods  We followed 110 patients who received lamivudine for more than 12 months, including 67 hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive and 43 HBeAg-negative patients. Results  The median follow-up after the onset of lamivudine was 48 (range = 12–86) months. In all the patients with or without lamivudine resistance, the level of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) normalization decreased from 70.0% at 1 year to 36.4% at 5 years and the loss of serum HBV DNA level decreased from 72.7% at 1 year to 31.8% at 5 years. Sixty patients (54.6%) developed a lamivudine-resistant mutation, and this occurrence was more frequently observed in those who were HBeAg-positive (P < 0.01), those with a low level of ALT (P < 0.05), and those with a high level of serum HBV DNA (P < 0.01). Thirty-six of 60 patients received adefovir in addition to lamivudine to treat breakthrough hepatitis. A Cox proportional hazards model analysis revealed the level of baseline HBV DNA to be the best predictive factor for the virus recrudescence (risk ratio = 0.466, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.246–0.842, P = 0.011) and the breakthrough hepatitis (risk ratio = 0.444, 95% CI: 0.218–0.879, P = 0.019). We carefully monitored the efficacy of this treatment both in patients who received adefovir and in those who did not since the beginning of the lamivudine treatment. The normalization level of ALT was 61.4% at 5 years and the loss of serum HBV DNA was 61.4% at 5 years since lamivudine was started. A histologic improvement was observed in patients with ALT levels less than two times the upper limit of normal at the time of a second liver biopsy. Conclusions  Although the efficacy of lamivudine is limited because of breakthrough hepatitis, adefovir was used as a salvage treatment of patients with lamivudine-resistant chronic hepatitis B. In addition, lamivudine was used for the treatment of Japanese patients with chronic hepatitis B with or without lamivudine resistance, and was found to be useful regarding the long-term virologic and biochemical responses. An erratum to this article can be found at     

拉米夫定治疗慢性乙型肝炎的经济学评价

目的 评估拉米夫定治疗慢性乙型肝炎的经济学价值。方法 运用临床试验和相关文献资料，采用Markov模型对拉米夫定治疗慢性乙型肝炎进行经济学评价。结果 与安慰剂相比，拉米夫定每延长1年寿命，所需医疗费用在25000元以下，疗程较长者的拉米夫定治疗与疗程较短者相比，每延长1年寿命所需的医疗费用在38500元以下。结论 拉米夫定具有成本效果，疗程越长，成本效果越好。     

病毒性肝炎炎症活动度与拉米夫定疗效的关系

为探讨慢性乙型肝炎炎症活动度与拉米夫定疗效的关系 ,本文观察 83例慢性乙型肝炎患者 ,按血清ALT水平分为ALT <2ULN、2～ 5ULN、>5ULN三组。所有病例给予拉米夫定每日 10 0mg,12月为一疗程。结果显示 :疗程结束后 ,ALT复常率为 6 5 0 6 % ,HBVDNA阴转率为 77 11% ,HBeAg阴转率为 5 5 5 5 % ,HBeAg/抗HBe血清转换率为 30 91% ,临床应答 85 5 4 %。ALT复常率、HBeAg阴转率、临床疗效与肝脏炎症活动度呈正相关 ,HBVDNA阴转率、HBeAg/抗HBe血清转换率与肝脏炎症活动度无关。慢性乙型肝炎炎症活动度愈高 ,拉米夫定疗效愈好     

拉米夫定治疗慢性乙型肝炎2年临床试验的总结

目的 评估拉米夫定长期治疗慢性乙型肝炎的疗效和安全性,以及治疗过程中产生病毒变异的临床影响。方法 系多中心的双盲,随机、安慰剂对照的临床试验。４２９例ＨＢｓＡｇ和ＨＢｅＡｇ阳性的慢性乙型肝炎,按３：１随机分成拉米夫定治疗组和对照组,分别服用拉米夫定１００ｍｇ／ｄ和安慰剂共１２周,此后所有病人均服用拉米夫定,共观察２年,结果 治疗１２周,拉米夫定组血清ＨＢＶ ＤＮＡ累计阴转率（〈１．６ｐｇ／ｍｌ）为     

拉米夫定治疗慢性乙型肝炎患者的疗效观察

目的探讨拉米夫定治疗慢性乙型肝炎患者的疗效与安全性。方法60例患者给予拉米夫定0．1口服，1次／日，疗程一年；其中13例患者进行治疗前后的肝组织病理学检查。结果治疗一年后肝组织学纤维化和炎症程度改善率为69．23％；36．3％的患者ALT复常；85％的患者HBV DNA水平由阳性转变为检测线以下，而HBeAg／抗-HBe血清转换率只有7．1％。结论拉米夫定可明显降低患者血清HBV DNA水平，并能改善肝组织学的炎症和纤维化程度，且用药安全，但HBeAg／抗-HBe血清转换率低。