肠道菌群和黏膜免疫与心血管疾病关系研究新进展

心血管病是目前导致死亡的主要原因之一。引起心血管疾病的主要发生机制是免疫性炎症。肠道菌群与黏膜免疫相互作用,同心血管系统生理功能维持和疾病发生关系密切。肠道菌群失调会导致血管炎、高血压和动脉粥样硬化的发生及心衰的加重。深入了解肠道菌群、黏膜免疫和心血管疾病之间的相互作用机制,可为心血管疾病防治开创新思路。     

肠道菌群与疾病相关性的研究进展

肠道菌群数量庞大、种类繁多,其与宿主相互依存、相互影响。人体许多疾病的发生发展以及病情的转归都与肠道菌群有密不可分的联系。肠道微生物通过调节糖、脂质以及氨基酸等物质的代谢影响代谢疾病的发生与发展;肠道菌群紊乱还可促进炎性肠病与某些肠道肿瘤,补充益生菌可有助于这类疾病的治疗;此外,肠道菌群还与神经精神系统、心血管系统、泌尿系统等其他系统的疾病有着千丝万缕的联系。因此研究肠道菌群与疾病的相关性对疾病的预防与治疗,维护人类健康具有重大意义。     

肠道菌群及其代谢产物靶向治疗心力衰竭的研究进展

心力衰竭是心血管疾病的终末期,是现今全球发病率和病死率的主要原因.越来越多的研究表明:肠道菌群失调及肠道菌群代谢产物与心力衰竭的发生发展之间存在着显著相关性,因此针对肠道菌群及其代谢产物的靶向治疗有望成为改善心力衰竭的新的治疗策略.现就肠道菌群及其代谢产物在心力衰竭中的作用以及靶向治疗心力衰竭的研究进展作一综述.     

肠道菌群与衰弱关系的研究进展

人体肠道菌群数量庞大,种类繁多,且随年龄的增长不断发生着变化.肠道菌群与老年人的衰弱状况密切相关,肠道菌群可通过各种途径参与衰弱的发生发展.因此,研究衰弱老年人肠道菌群特征、衰弱与肠道菌群的关系,对调整衰弱老年人肠道菌群具有重要意义,可使处于衰弱风险的老年人得到及时和必要的干预与帮助.     

肠道菌群差异与健康的研究进展

正自人类微生物组计划启动以来,研究发现人体肠道内存在有1 000多种共生菌,主要包括Bacteroidetes、Firmicutes、Proteobacteria等菌门~([1]),它们寄居在肠道的不同部位,通过特有的菌群结构、菌群活动、代谢产物等来影响机体的新陈代谢,维持机体内     

肠道菌群与肿瘤免疫治疗研究进展

肠道是人体内包含菌群数量及种类最多的部位,肠道菌群参与消化、代谢、免疫调控等诸多重要生理功能。近年来,研究者发现肠道菌群与肿瘤发生发展及免疫治疗效果具有密切的相关性。本文就肠道菌群与人类免疫调控以及肿瘤免疫治疗效果关系的研究展开综述,总结目前研究热点及进展,为今后研究提供相应的理论指导。     

肠道菌群影响肠道细胞免疫的研究进展

肠道是机体抵抗外源病原体入侵的重要防线之一,肠道B淋巴细胞及T淋巴细胞作为肠道适应性免疫系统的主要组成部分,其发育和分化受肠道微环境的影响。近年来的研究表明,肠道菌群与肠道免疫系统发育密切相关。本文主要综述肠道菌群对肠道B淋巴细胞、肠道T淋巴细胞的分化及其细胞功能的影响,并对肠道菌影响该过程的部分机制作出阐明,为肠道菌群与肠道免疫的相互作用机制研究奠定基础。     

肠道菌群与强直性脊柱炎的关系

强直性脊柱炎(ankylosing spondylitis,AS)病因不明,具有家族遗传倾向,与HLA-B27相关,是以骶髂关节和脊柱附着点炎症为主要症状的疾病,其特征性病理变化是肌腱、韧带、骨附着点病变.近年来,随着对肠道微生物的不断深入研究,发现肠道菌群与AS的发生、发展存在密切联系.该文主要就AS患者肠道菌群失调...     

肠道菌群与非酒精性脂肪肝关系的研究进展

近年来非酒精性脂肪性肝病的发病率不断增加,虽然属于慢性肝病,但是患者有发展为肝硬化的风险,为临床治疗带来了很多难题。本文综述非酒精性脂肪性肝病的发病机制,分析肠道菌群与非酒精性脂肪性肝病的因果关系,寻求潜在有效的新型治疗方案。     

Gut microbiota in atherosclerosis: focus on trimethylamine N-oxide

The increasing prevalence of cardiovascular diseases cannot adequately be explained by traditional risk factors. Recently, accumulating evidence has suggested that gut microbiota-derived numerous metabolites are contributors to atherosclerotic events. Among them, the role of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) in promoting atherosclerosis has gained attention. TMAO is reported to exert the proatherogenic effects by impacting on the traditional risk factors of atherosclerosis and is associated with high risk of cardiovascular events. Besides that, TMAO is involved in the complex pathological processes of atherosclerotic lesion formation, such as endothelial dysfunction, platelet activation and thrombus generation. In light of these promising findings, TMAO may serve as a potential target for atherosclerosis prevention and treatment, which is conceptually novel, when compared with existing traditional treatments. It is likely that regulating TMAO production and associated gut microbiota may become a promising strategy for the anti-atherosclerosis therapy.     

Gut microbiota: Role in pathogen colonization,immune responses,and inflammatory disease

The intestinal tract of mammals is colonized by a large number of microorganisms including trillions of bacteria that are referred to collectively as the gut microbiota. These indigenous microorganisms have co-evolved with the host in a symbiotic relationship. In addition to metabolic benefits, symbiotic bacteria provide the host with several functions that promote immune homeostasis, immune responses, and protection against pathogen colonization. The ability of symbiotic bacteria to inhibit pathogen colonization is mediated via several mechanisms including direct killing, competition for limited nutrients, and enhancement of immune responses. Pathogens have evolved strategies to promote their replication in the presence of the gut microbiota. Perturbation of the gut microbiota structure by environmental and genetic factors increases the risk of pathogen infection, promotes the overgrowth of harmful pathobionts, and the development of inflammatory disease. Understanding the interaction of the microbiota with pathogens and the immune system will provide critical insight into the pathogenesis of disease and the development of strategies to prevent and treat inflammatory disease.     

Gut microbiota and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: new insights

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a severe liver disease that is increasing in prevalence with the worldwide epidemic of obesity and its related insulin-resistance state. A ‘two-hit’ mechanism has been proposed; however, the complete physiopathogenesis remains incompletely understood. Evidence for the role of the gut microbiota in energy storage and the subsequent development of obesity and some of its related diseases is now well established. More recently, a new role of gut microbiota has emerged in NAFLD. The gut microbiota is involved in gut permeability, low-grade inflammation and immune balance, it modulates dietary choline metabolism, regulates bile acid metabolism and produces endogenous ethanol. All of these factors are molecular mechanisms by which the microbiota can induce NAFLD or its progression toward overt non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.     

肠道菌群与非酒精性脂肪肝病相关性研究进展

非酒精性脂肪性肝病(non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,NAFLD)发病机制尚未完全阐明,目前广为接受的是“二次打击”学说,近年来关于肠道菌群与NAFLD的研究不断深入,充实和发展了“二次打击”学说,也为NAFLD的治疗提供了新思路。本文就肠道菌群与NAFLD相关性的研究进展及益生元、益生菌治疗NAFLD进展进行综述。     

Gut bacterial microbiota and obesity

Although probiotics and antibiotics have been used for decades as growth promoters in animals, attention has only recently been drawn to the association between the gut microbiota composition, its manipulation, and obesity. Studies in mice have associated the phylum Firmicutes with obesity and the phylum Bacteroidetes with weight loss. Proposed mechanisms linking the microbiota to fat content and weight include differential effects of bacteria on the efficiency of energy extraction from the diet, and changes in host metabolism of absorbed calories. The independent effect of the microbiota on fat accumulation has been demonstrated in mice, where transplantation of microbiota from obese mice or mice fed western diets to lean or germ-free mice produced fat accumulation among recipients. The microbiota can be manipulated by prebiotics, probiotics, and antibiotics. Probiotics affect the microbiota directly by modulating its bacterial content, and indirectly through bacteriocins produced by the probiotic bacteria. Interestingly, certain probiotics are associated with weight gain both in animals and in humans. The effects are dependent on the probiotic strain, the host, and specific host characteristics, such as age and baseline nutritional status. Attention has recently been drawn to the association between antibiotic use and weight gain in children and adults. We herein review the studies describing the associations between the microbiota composition, its manipulation, and obesity.     

肠道菌群在帕金森病发病过程中作用的研究进展*

帕金森病（PD）是一种常见的神经退行性疾病。PD患者肠道菌群变化显著。越来越多的研究表明肠道菌 群与PD的发生、发展密切相关。PD特征性的病理改变是中脑黑质多巴胺能神经元死亡和残存神经元细胞质及突 触中含有α- 突触核蛋白的路易小体。本文对PD患者肠道菌群改变及其在PD发病过程中的神经炎症及α- 突触核 蛋白的改变中的作用进行了综述,为以肠道菌群作为靶点治疗PD的研究提供参考     

Gut microbiota links with cognitive impairment in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A multi-omics study

Recently, cognitive impairments (CI) and behavioral abnormalities in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) have been reported. However, the underlying mechanisms have been poorly understood. In the current study, we explored the role of gut microbiota in CI of ALS patients. We collected fecal samples from 35 ALS patients and 35 healthy controls. The cognitive function of the ALS patients was evaluated using the Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioral ALS Screen. We analyzed these samples by using 16S rRNA gene sequencing as well as both untargeted and targeted (bile acids) metabolite mapping between patients with CI and patients with normal cognition (CN). We found altered gut microbial communities and a lower ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes in the CI group, compared with the CN group. In addition, the untargeted metabolite mapping revealed that 26 and 17 metabolites significantly increased and decreased, respectively, in the CI group, compared with the CN group. These metabolites were mapped to the metabolic pathways associated with bile acids. We further found that cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid were significantly lower in the CI group than in the CN group. In conclusion, we found that the gut microbiota and its metabolome profile differed between ALS patients with and without CI and that the altered bile acid profile in fecal samples was significantly associated with CI in ALS patients. These results need to be replicated in larger studies in the future.     

Gut microbiota: A player in aging and a target for anti-aging intervention

Aging-associated alterations in composition, diversity and functional features of intestinal microbiota are well-described in the modern literature. They are suggested to be caused by an age-related decline in immune system functioning (immunosenescence) and a low-grade chronic inflammation (inflammaging), which accompany many aging-associated pathologies. The microbiota-targeted dietary and probiotic interventions have been shown to favorably affect the host health and aging by an enhancement of antioxidant activity, improving immune homeostasis, suppression of chronic inflammation, regulation of fat deposition and metabolism and prevention of insulin resistance. Recently, a high effectiveness and safety of novel therapeutic application such as fecal microbiota transplantation in the prevention and treatment of age-related pathological conditions including atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes and Parkinson’s disease has been demonstrated. In this review, recent research findings are summarized on the role of gut micribiota in aging processes with emphasis on therapeutic potential of microbiome-targeted interventions in anti-aging medicine,     

Neoagarotetraose-modulated gut microbiota and alleviated gut inflammation in antibiotic treatment mice

This study aimed to explore the effects of neoagarotetraose (NAT) on gut microbiota composition and inflammation after antibiotic treatment. Our results showed that NAT significantly increased the length of colon (P?P?P?P?Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus and Prevotella were observed in the NAT group (P?相似文献   

微小RNAs与心血管疾病

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