bFGF对人退变椎间盘髓核细胞影响的临床研究

目的:探讨bFGF对人退变髓核细胞合成细胞外基质的影响,观察退变髓核细胞基因表达量高于正常髓核细胞的生长刺激因子对退变髓核细胞的影响。方法:分离、培养人退变椎间盘髓核细胞,取第2代髓核细胞,随机将退变椎间盘髓核细胞分为5组。A组:加入100μg/L bFGF;B组:加入200μg/L bFGF;C组:500μg/L bFGF;D组:1 000μg/LbFGF,E组:对照组,不加干扰因素。通过对试验组和对照组髓核细胞测定细胞II型胶原和糖胺多糖的mRNA表达;检测细胞外基质II型胶原和糖胺多糖表达水平。结果:bFGF刺激退变髓核细胞,II型胶原、糖胺多糖mRNA,细胞外液Ⅱ型胶原和糖胺多糖含量在第7天较对照组增加明显(P<0.05)。14 d、21 d II型胶原、糖胺多糖mRNA明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。但细胞外液Ⅱ型胶原和糖胺多糖含量在14 d、21 d两个时间点仍高于正常组(P<0.05)。结论:根据本研究结果结合文献调研,bFGF在椎间盘髓核细胞中存在着双重效应(促进或改善椎间盘退变)。     

苦参碱对椎间盘退变大鼠髓核细胞凋亡的影响

背景:髓核细胞凋亡是引发椎间盘退变的主要病理基础,炎症和过氧化反应是导致髓核细胞凋亡的重要因素。研究表明苦参碱具有抗氧化、衰老、炎症和细胞凋亡等作用,可作为治疗椎间盘退变的潜在药物。目的:观察苦参碱调节环状GMP-AMP合成酶-干扰素基因刺激因子(cGAS-STING)信号通路对椎间盘退变大鼠髓核细胞凋亡的影响。方法:①将处于对数生长期的大鼠髓核细胞分6组处理:除对照组外,模型组、苦参碱低剂量组、苦参碱高剂量组、空载组、苦参碱高剂量+cGAS过表达组采用氧糖剥夺建立椎间盘退变细胞模型,造模同时苦参碱低剂量组、苦参碱高剂量组分别给予0.4,0.8 mmol/L苦参碱处理,空载组转染空载质粒,苦参碱高剂量+cGAS过表达组给予0.8 mmol/L苦参碱处理并转染cGAS过表达质粒。处理24 h后,检测细胞活性与凋亡,细胞内活性氧、超氧化物歧化酶、肿瘤坏死因子α及白细胞介素1β水平,以及细胞内凋亡蛋白、cGAS-STING通路蛋白表达。②将60只SD大鼠随机分为6组,每组10只:除对照组外,模型组、苦参碱低剂量组、苦参碱高剂量组、空载组、苦参碱高剂量+cGAS过表达组建立椎间盘退变模型;造模12周后,苦参碱低剂量组、苦参碱高剂量组分别灌胃给予60,120 mg/kg苦参碱(1次/d),空载组尾静脉注射空载质粒(2次/周),苦参碱高剂量+cGAS过表达组灌胃给予120 mg/kg苦参碱+尾静脉注射cGAS过表达质粒,连续治疗3周。给药结束后取材,检测细胞凋亡,活性氧、超氧化物歧化酶、肿瘤坏死因子α及白细胞介素1β水平,以及凋亡蛋白、cGAS-STING通路蛋白表达。结果与结论:①与对照组比较,模型组细胞活性、超氧化物歧化酶水平降低(P<0.05),细胞凋亡率、活性氧含量、肿瘤坏死因子α和白细胞介素1β水平及cGAS、STING、cleaved caspase-3和Bax蛋白表达升高(P<0.05);苦参碱可呈剂量依赖性地改善上述因细胞造模造成的各指标变化(P<0.05),而cGAS过表达可部分拮抗高剂量苦参碱的改善作用。②在动物实验中获得了与体外细胞实验类似的结果。③结果表明,苦参碱可通过阻断cGAS-STING信号传导抑制炎症和氧化应激反应,进而减轻椎间盘退变大鼠髓核细胞凋亡、提升其活性。     

尼古丁在人椎间盘髓核细胞退变中的作用

目的探讨不同浓度及时间的尼古丁在人椎间盘髓核细胞退变中的作用。方法随机选择5例腰椎骨折患者的椎间盘髓核组织进行体外细胞培养,种于12孔板中,按照0、1、33.3、100、200、500ng/m L的尼古丁浓度以及1、2、3、7、10天加入来培养,每组细胞用Trizol法提取总RNA,用荧光定量PCR测定AQP1,AQP3和II型胶原(Collagen)以及蛋白多糖(Aggrecan)的m RNA表达。用SPSS19.0进行统计分析。结果随着尼古丁浓度升高及培养时间的延长,髓核细胞形态变化明显,贴壁能力减弱,胞质减少,胞核萎缩,空泡形成,凋亡增加。且细胞AQP1及AQP3的m RNA水平随着尼古丁浓度及时间的增加而降低,II型胶原及蛋白聚糖m RNA水平也降低,细胞发生退变。结论尼古丁会降低人椎间盘髓核细胞AQP1和AQP3的表达,进而降低髓核细胞II型胶原和蛋白聚糖的表达,促进椎间盘退变,且作用时间越长,浓度越高,细胞退变越严重。     

LPS诱导巨噬细胞凋亡的研究

目的 探讨脂多糖(IPS)诱导巨噬细胞发生凋亡的分子机理及信号传导通路。方法 采用夹心ELISA法检测巨噬细胞NF-κB的核内浓度；硝酸还原酶法测定细胞培养液中NO含量；吖啶橙荧光染色及凋亡电泳试验显示巨噬细胞凋亡情况。结果 LPS刺激可诱导巨噬细胞的NF-κB活化、NO分泌并最终导致细胞凋亡，而特异性PKC抑制剂(Cal C)和NF-κB阻断剂(PDTC)能在不同程度上抑制LPS的生物活性作用。结论 LPS诱导肺巨噬细胞凋亡的信号传导通路有：PKC、NF-κB的参与，而NO等生物活性介质在其中发挥了重要作用。     

SDF-1/CXCR4信号轴通过NF-κB通路诱导人退变髓核细胞凋亡

目的探讨趋化因子SDF-1/CXCR4信号轴对人退变椎间盘髓核细胞凋亡的调控作用及其分子机制。方法将术中摘取的椎间盘标本根据Pfirrmann退变程度分为正常组和退变组。用免疫组织化学法、定量PCR和Western blot等检测SDF-1和CXCR4的表达。用退变椎间盘髓核原代细胞培养,取第3~5代的细胞给予10 ng/mL SDF-1刺激、CXCR4-siRNA转染及NF-κB特异性抑制剂PDTC(20μmol/L)等不同处理,Western blot和q-PCR验证转染效率和信号通路上靶蛋白(基因)的表达;Annexin V/PI检测细胞凋亡率;细胞免疫荧光检测NF-κB的重要基团P65的核转移情况。结果 SDF-1和CXCR4在退变椎间盘组织中表达显著升高(P0.05);SDF-1可以诱导退变髓核细胞的凋亡,但在CXCR4的表达受到沉默后,SDF-1的促凋亡作用被抑制(P0.05);加入SDF-1的诱导后,磷酸化P65的表达水平明显增高(P0.05),P65向核内移位;用PDTC抑制NF-κB活性后,SDF-1促凋亡作用明显减弱(P0.05)。结论 SDF-1/CXCR4信号轴促进髓核细胞凋亡的机制可能与Akt/NF-κB信号通路相关。     

髓核细胞移植抑制椎间盘退变

背景：近年来,椎间盘细胞移植和椎间盘移植修复椎间盘退变研究取得较大的进展。目的：探讨髓核细胞的体外培养方法以及髓核细胞移植在抑制椎间盘退变研究中的作用。方法：通过数据库检索的方式探讨髓核细胞移植抑制椎间盘退变的研究。髓核细胞的主要功能是产生胶原和蛋白聚糖,改进髓核细胞的培养方法,使培养后的髓核细胞数量增多,合成和分泌细胞外基质增加,通过髓核细胞移植来修复退变的椎间盘。结果与结论：通过三维小球聚集培养、微载体旋转立体培养等方法可以使髓核细胞数量增多,肝细胞生长因子对髓核细胞增殖产生促进作用。髓核细胞移植可以恢复退变椎间盘高度,促进退变椎间盘内蛋白多糖和Ⅱ型胶原的生物合成和分泌。随着对椎间盘退变研究的不断深入,髓核细胞移植对退变椎间盘可能是一种重要的治疗手段。 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植;肝移植;移植;心脏移植;组织移植;皮肤移植;皮瓣移植;血管移植;器官移植;组织工程全文链接：     

细胞移植及髓核组织工程重建修复椎间盘退变

背景：通过细胞组织工程将细胞或细胞支架复合体植入退变缺损的椎间盘内,使退变的椎间盘再生可能是治疗椎间盘退变性疾病最为理想的方法。 目的：评价组织工程髓核体内移植抑制腰椎间盘退变的临床疗效及应用前景。 方法：由第一作者检索1990/2010 PubMed数据、中国知网及万方数据库有关组织工程髓核、组织工程材料及骨髓间充质干细胞治疗腰椎间盘退变方面的文献。 结果与结论：目前常用的细胞支架主要包括胶原支架、琼脂糖支架、藻酸盐支架、聚乙醇酸支架与壳聚糖支架以及复合材料等。通过自体椎间盘细胞或间充质干细胞结合基因技术筛选种子细胞,进行细胞和/或细胞支架复合体移植恢复或再生相关细胞外基质的合成,通过逆转和修复椎间盘细胞病理性改变,为退变的椎间盘组织和功能恢复提供了全新的治疗策略。     

退变髓核细胞与正常髓核细胞体外培养的生物学特性对比

目的:比较体外培养的退变髓核细胞与正常髓核细胞生物学特性的差异。方法:将成年新西兰大白兔以纤维环穿刺法椎间盘造模法处理,4周后取退变以及正常髓核细胞,进行细胞形态及电镜观察、MT法试验,检测细胞周期及主要细胞外基质相关基因表达情况。结果:细胞生长曲线显示,传4代细胞第5天开始出现生长减慢,传5～7代细胞均在接种后第2～3天细胞数量明显减少(P<0.05);退变髓核细胞传3代细胞第4天开始出现生长减慢(P<0.05),传5代时即出现生长滞缓,传7代时出现生长停滞。髓核软骨样细胞MTT摄取实验,传4～7代细胞的吸光度值明显低于传1代(P<0.05)。正常和退变髓核细胞细胞所处生长分裂期对比中,正常和退变髓核细胞G1期细胞所占比例具有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论:大白兔正常髓核细胞持续增殖能力、蛋白聚糖和Ⅱ型胶原DNA的含量均较退变髓核细胞高,能为椎间盘组织工程学、细胞生物学疗法等提供理论基础。     

牛磺酸调节白介素水平对椎间盘退变大鼠模型髓核细胞凋亡、炎症和氧化应激的保护作用

目的:探讨牛磺酸对白介素诱导的椎间盘退变大鼠模型髓核细胞凋亡、炎症和氧化应激的作用及其作用机制。方法:采用Ⅱ型胶原酶分离培养原代大鼠髓核细胞,采用番红染色和甲苯胺蓝染色对第2代细胞进行鉴定;将第3代髓核细胞随机分为5组(1个正常组和4个模型组):Ctrl组、IL-1β组、IL-1β+Taurine(100μg)组、IL-1β+Taurine(200μg)组和IL-1β+Taurine(400μg)组,并用Hochest33342染色检测各组细胞凋亡率,蛋白印迹实验检测各组髓核细胞Caspase-3、-9蛋白表达;试剂盒检测细胞氧化应激因子SOD、MDA、GSH和LDH的含量;ELISA检测细胞炎症因子IL-6、iNOS和IL-10的表达水平;同时蛋白印迹实验检测NF-κB p65磷酸化和TNF-α表达水平,免疫荧光检测p65入核情况。结果:采用Ⅱ型胶原酶成功分离得到较纯的大鼠髓核细胞;牛磺酸能负向调节IL-1β对凋亡相关蛋白Caspase-3、-9(P<0.01)和髓核细胞凋亡率(P<0.01)的诱导作用;能剂量依赖性的抑制IL-1β对氧化应激因子SOD、GSH含量的下调作...     

刺山柑总生物碱干预椎间盘退变模型大鼠髓核细胞的增殖与凋亡

背景:刺山柑总生物碱在细胞生长、胞外基质合成上有一定效用,而髓核细胞的老化、凋亡是椎间盘退变的主要病理基础之一,因此推测刺山柑总生物碱可能通过髓核细胞对椎间盘退变有一定影响.目的:探讨刺山柑总生物碱对椎间盘退变大鼠模型及髓核细胞的影响.方法:①32只SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、刺山柑总生物碱低剂量组和刺山柑总生物...     

人椎间盘髓核细胞增殖活性与益肾活血通络方的干预调控

背景:NF-κB信号通路与椎间盘退变的关系是骨科学术界研究热点,深入研究椎间盘中各种信号通路的作用,有助于了解椎间盘退变的发生机制。目的:通过研究不同静水压压力下益肾活血通络方含药血清对人椎间盘髓核细胞NF-κB信号通路的调控作用,以期能从分子生物学角度探讨益肾活血通络方治疗椎间盘退变性疾病的可能机制及作用靶点。方法:将第3代人椎间盘髓核细胞分为8组,分别加入益肾活血通络方含药血清,在体外不同静水压加载条件(0.3,1,3 MPa)下作用2,4,6 h后,使用倒置相差显微镜观察椎间盘髓核细胞的形态及生长状况;使用透射电镜观察椎间盘髓核细胞的超微结构;采用CCK-8法检测各组髓核细胞的增殖活性;采用Annexin V-FITC/Propidium Iodide凋亡试剂盒检测髓核细胞的凋亡率;采用Western blot法检测髓核细胞内NF-κB p65、CollagenⅡ、ADAMTS-4、MMP-13、Caspase-3的表达。结果与结论:①在同一压力及作用时间下压力+中药血清组髓核细胞形态较常压组、单纯压力组更完整,生长状况更好,其中0.3,1 MPa压力+中药血清组优于3 MPa压力+中药血清组;②压力+中药血清组髓核细胞增殖活性更高,其中0.3 MPa压力+中药血清组与0.3 MPa单纯压力组比较差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);③压力+中药血清组椎间盘髓核细胞的凋亡率较常压组、单纯压力干预组低(P<0.05);④与单纯压力组比较,压力+中药血清组CollagenⅡ、Caspase-3表达增加,NF-κB p65、ADAMTS-4、MMP-13表达减少(P<0.05);⑤结果表明,益肾活血通络方能增加细胞活性,减少细胞凋亡,有效延缓髓核细胞的退变,其机制可能与椎间盘髓核细胞NF-κB信号通路促进CollagenⅡ、Caspase-3表达,抑制NF-κB p65、ADAMTS-4、MMP-13表达有关。     

椎间盘微环境下椎间盘源性干细胞和髓核间充质干细胞的活性

文题释义：椎间盘微环境：在正常情况下,髓核组织缺乏血液供应,其营养代谢主要依赖渗透。由于代谢产物等影响,椎间盘组织内部的pH值为6.9-7.2,被认为是人体内最恶劣的环境之一,在这种条件下细胞正常代谢能力受到很大抑制,即使是特化的髓核细胞其代谢率也仅为正常的32%。当椎间盘退变后,葡萄糖及氧浓度进一步下降,乳酸堆积,pH值降低和代谢产物进行性增加。 髓核间充质干细胞：经过前期实验发现髓核间充质干细胞经自体移植于椎间盘局部,可以分化为纤维环细胞和髓核细胞,或者通过旁分泌细胞因子来促进组织细胞的再生,但髓核间充质干细胞在椎间盘微环境中存活量级并不清楚。椎间盘源性干细胞和髓核间充质干细胞在椎间盘微环境下的生存变化差异性也还是未知。 背景：椎间盘微环境对干细胞生物学行为具有重要作用,拟通过微环境调节作用来实现不依赖种子细胞的椎间盘组织修复。 目的：探讨椎间盘微环境下椎间盘源性干细胞和髓核间充质干细胞活性的差异。 方法：健康雄性SD大鼠10只,按照解剖区分离椎间盘骨组织,用Ⅱ型胶原酶消化后进行体外培养椎间盘源性干细胞;分离髓核组织,采用酶消化法体外培养髓核间充质干细胞。将获得的椎间盘源性干细胞和髓核间充质干细胞在体外进行正常条件、椎间盘微环境条件下培养扩增,培养第1-6天采用MTT法测定细胞增殖情况,培养第1,3,6天采用流式细胞技术检测CD29阳性表达水平。 结果与结论：①在不同环境的培养条件下,椎间盘源性干细胞和髓核间充质干细胞增殖情况呈相反趋势。在正常培养条件下,椎间盘源性干细胞和髓核间充质干细胞呈增殖状态,第4-6天为对数增殖期,两者差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);在椎间盘微环境条件下,髓核间充质干细胞的增殖活性明显低于椎间盘源性干细胞,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);②在椎间盘微环境条件下培养第3,6天,椎间盘源性干细胞表面CD29阳性抗原表达水平明显高于髓核间充质干细胞,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);③结果表明,在椎间盘微环境条件下,髓核间充质干细胞和椎间盘源性干细胞活性受到一定程度的抑制,但椎间盘源性干细胞较髓核间充质干细胞保留更多的细胞活性。 ORCID: 0000-0002-3582-5630(胡炜) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程     

长链非编码RNA MEG3对大鼠椎间盘髓核细胞增殖及凋亡的调控

背景:椎间盘髓核细胞损伤是引起椎间盘退行性病变的重要原因之一,长链非编码RNA在椎间盘退行性病变中的作用机制尚未阐明.目的:探讨长链非编码RNA MEG3对大鼠椎间盘髓核细胞增殖、凋亡的影响及其对磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶(phosphoinositide 3-kinase,PI3K)/蛋白激酶B(protein kinas...     

The three-dimensional architecture of the notochordal nucleus pulposus: novel observations on cell structures in the canine intervertebral disc

Cells from the nucleus pulposus of young (< 2 years) and old (> 5 years) non‐chondrodystrophoid dogs were studied using routine histology, confocal laser scanning microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The architecture of cell structures – from the tissue scale down to subcellular scale – was reported. Clusters of notochordal cells were observed in young nuclei pulposi, ranging from 10 to 426 cells each. These clusters resisted mechanical disruption and showed evidence of cell–cell signalling via gap junctions. Cells (30–40 µm in diameter) within the clusters had a physaliferous appearance, containing numerous large inclusions which ranged from 1 to 20 µm in diameter. The inclusions were surrounded by a dense actin cortex but were not contained by a lipid bilayer. The contents of the inclusions were determined not to be predominantly carbohydrate or neutral lipid as assessed by histochemical staining, but the exact composition of the contents remained uncertain. There were striking differences in the cell architecture of young vs. old nuclei pulposi, with a loss of both cell clusters and physaliferous cells during ageing. These observations demonstrate unique cell structures, which may influence our understanding of the differences between notochordal and chondrocytic cells in the nucleus pulposus. Such differences could have substantial impact upon how we think about development, degeneration and repair of the intervertebral disc.     

FasL on human nucleus pulposus cells prevents angiogenesis in the disc by inducing Fas-mediated apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells

The intervertebral disc is the largest avascular organ in the human body. However, with the progress of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD), the disc tends to be vascularized increasingly via angiogenesis. It is well established that both human nucleus pulposus (NP) cells and vascular endothelial cells express FasL and Fas. However, the issue remains open as to whether there are certain active mechanisms preventing angiogenesis in the disc via the FasL-Fas machinery. Here, we established a co-culture system of human NP cells and vascular endothelial (HMEC-1) cells. We found that normal NP cells were more capable of inducing apoptosis in HMEC-1 cells (14.2±3.4%) than degenerate NP cells (6.7±1.9%), p<0.05. By up-regulating the FasL expression in degenerate NP cells, we found that FasL played an essential role in the mediation of HMEC-1 cell apoptosis with the activation of downstream FADD and caspase-3. Furthermore, we found an increased Fas expression in HMEC-1 cells following co-cultured with NP cells, which might be closely linked with FasL produced by NP cells and enhance their interaction. Collectively, this is the first study showing FasL-Fas network might plays an important role in the molecular mechanisms of angiogenesis avoidance of human disc. Consequently, our findings might shed light on the pathogenesis in human IDD and provide a novel target for the treatment strategies for IDD.     

人端粒酶反转录酶重组绿色荧光表达载体转染椎间盘正常髓核细胞

背景：椎间盘髓核细胞分离培养困难,老化较快,迫切需要一种标准细胞株用于实验研究。 目的：探讨人端粒酶反转录酶重组绿色荧光表达载体的构建及其转染正常髓核细胞构建永生化细胞的可行性研究。 方法：通过目的基因克隆、真核表达质粒中目的基因序列测定、目的基因真核表达质粒的构建、转染人端粒酶反转录酶表达检测等步骤进行实验。 结果与结论：构建出人端粒酶反转录酶重组绿色荧光表达载体,成功转染正常髓核细胞并在细胞中稳定表达。结果表明运用人端粒酶反转录酶转染椎间盘髓核细胞构建永生化细胞是一种可行的方法。     

MicroRNA-16 inhibits the lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response in nucleus pulposus cells of the intervertebral disc by targeting TAB3

IntroductionA variety of inflammatory mediators are produced by the degenerative human intervertebral disc (IVD) tissues spontaneously, suggesting their role in the development of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). Our present study was designed to investigate the regulatory effect of microRNA-16 (miR-16) on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response in nucleus pulposus (NP) cells of the IVD.Material and methodsNP cells were treated with LPS to induce inflammatory responses. The expression of miRNA and genes was determined by qRT-PCR. Western blot and an ELISA kit were used to detect the proteins and protein expression, respectively. A dual luciferase reporter assay was applied to identify the correlation between a miRNA and a gene, and to test nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activity.ResultsThe results suggested that miR-16 positively regulated the mRNA and protein expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) genes (including aggrecan and collagen II) in NP cells, while it was negatively correlated with ECM degrading enzymes (including MMP3, MMP13, ADAMTS4, ADAMTS5) and related genes of nitric oxide (NO) reaction. Further studies revealed that miR-16 could oppositely regulate NF-κB and MAPK pathways by directly mediating their upstream gene TAB3.ConclusionsOur study suggested that, in NP cells of the IVD, miR-16 could exert inhibitory effects on the LPS-induced inflammatory response through NF-κB and MAPK pathways by directly mediating TAB3. In this way, miR-16 would play a protective role against LPS-induced IDD and inflammation. Therefore, miR-16 may be a novel therapeutic target for the inhibit of the ECM in the IVD.     

Monitoring of the effect of intervertebral disc nucleus pulposus ablation by MRI

In order to investigate intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration and repair, a quantitative non‐invasive tool is needed. Various MRI methods including qCPMG, which yields dipolar echo relaxation time (T_DE), magnetization transfer contrast (MTC), and ¹H and ²H double quantum filtered (DQF) MRI were used in the present work to monitor changes in rat IVD after ablation of the nucleus pulposus (NP), serving as a model of severe IVD degeneration. In the intact IVD, a clear distinction between the annulus fibrosus (AF) and the NP is obtained on T₂ and T_DE weighted images as well as on MTC maps, reflecting the high concentration of ordered collagen fibers in the AF. After ablation of the NP, the distinction between the compartments is lost. T₂ and T_DE relaxation times are short throughout the disc and MTC is high. ¹H and ²H DQF signal, which in intact discs is obtained only for the AF, is now observable throughout the tissue. These results indicate that after ablation, there is an ingression of collagen fibers from the AF into the area that was previously occupied by the NP, as was confirmed by histology. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.