唐氏综合征胎儿全基因组miRNA表达谱特征及其染色体分布

目的研究唐氏综合征(DS)胎儿全基因组miRNA表达谱及其编码基因的染色体分布特征。方法采用Illumina深度测序技术对6例DS胎儿(DS组)和6例正常胎儿脐带血(对照组)单个核细胞小RNA测序比对分析,确定DS全基因组miRNA表达谱及其编码基因的染色体分布特征。结果两组共检测到395种miRNA,编码于316个miRNA基因。其中149种miRNA在两组中的表达具有显著性差异(DS组中6种上调,143种下调),有51种miRNA特异性表达于对照组。21号染色体编码的14个miRNA基因在DS组中有1个(miR-802)高表达,4个(let-7c、miR-99a、miR-125b和miR-155)低表达,余下9个在两组样本中均未表达。两组样本miRNA基因表达的染色体分布趋于一致,但miRNA基因表达丰度的分布却不尽相同:DS组主要分布于8、16、17和21号染色体,对照组主要分布于3、8、14、16、17和22号染色体。结论 DS胎儿脐带血单个核细胞具有其特定的miRNA表达谱和染色体分布特征,表达丰度差异分布的染色体编码miRNA可能在DS各临床性状的形成过程中具有重要作用。     

IgA肾病患者全基因组miRNA表达谱的特征及其染色体分布

目的:调查研究IgA肾病(IgA-N)患者全基因组miRNA的表达及其编码基因的染色体分布特征.方法:运用Illumina高通量测序技术分别对6例IgA-N患者肾活检组织和6例肾癌患者癌旁正常组织的全基因组miRNA表达水平进行检测,比较分析两组miRNA的表达差异,并对其编码基因的染色体分布情况进行分析.结果:在两组样本中共检测到370种具有显著性差异表达的miRNA,共同表达的miRNA有249种(在IgA-N组中53种表达上调,196种表达下调),另外还有4种和117种miRNA分别特异性表达于IgA-N组和对照组.两组样本miRNA基因表达的染色体分布趋于一致,染色体1、7、9、14、17和X对疾病的贡献值较高.结论:IgA-N患者肾脏组织具有特定的miRNA表达谱和染色体分布特征.染色体7、17、X可能在IgA1糖基化异常过程中起重要作用.     

双Ph伴双der(9)急性B淋巴细胞白血病患者1例的遗传学分析

目的探讨1例罕见的双费城染色体(Ph)伴双der(9)急性B淋巴细胞白血病(B-ALL)患者的遗传学病因。方法选取2020年6月至上海闸新中西医结合医院就诊的1例双Ph伴双der(9)B-ALL患者为研究对象。采用骨髓形态学分析、流式免疫分型、G显带核型分析、荧光原位杂交(FISH)、基因检测以及染色体微阵列分析(CMA)等方法对患者不同阶段的骨髓样本进行检测和分析。结果患者初诊时骨髓形态学、流式免疫分型均支持B-ALL的诊断, 其G显带核型为双Ph且疑似存在2条与22号染色体易位的9号染色体的超二倍体, BCR-ABL1融合基因阳性。复发时基因检测提示ABL1基因的激酶编码区存在c.944C>T杂合变异, FISH证实2条9号染色体上均存在ABL1-BCR融合信号, CMA显示9号染色体嵌合纯合比例约为40%, 22号染色体嵌合重复比例约为43%。结论本例患者双der(9)约在40%的细胞中完全同源, 其产生机制可能与双Ph相同, 可归因于有丝分裂时发生的染色体未分离。     

微小RNA的差异表达与胚胎质量的相关性

目的探讨微小RNA(micro RNA, miRNA)差异表达与胚胎质量的相关性, 为胚胎的植入前选择提供新的依据。方法用TaqMan微小RNA阵列(MicroRNA Array)对8个囊胚样本进行miRNA表达谱检测, 筛选稳定高表达且有价值的miRNA。扩大样本量后选择囊胚, 针对筛选的miRNA进行逆转录PCR检测, 同时采用二代测序平台检测胚胎的染色体异常, 对结果进行分析比较。结果 MicroRNA Array检测发现mir-720、mir-372、mir-886-3p和mir-512-3p表达量较高, 而mir-145表达量较低, 推测与早期胚胎发育相关。选择56个废弃囊胚, 对上述5种miRNA进行检测, 结果显示mir-145和mir-886-3p在染色体正常组中显著低表达。mir-145以相对表达量9作为阈值, mir-886-3p以相对表达量3作为阈值, 其以上均未见胚胎染色体检测为正常者。结论特定的miRNA表达差异与胚胎染色体异常存在相关性, 有可能作为一种新的胚胎选择的生物标记。     

寨卡病毒感染人肝癌细胞HepG2后外泌体中差异miRNA分析

目的探索人肝癌细胞HepG2感染寨卡病毒(Zika virus, ZIKV)后的外泌体miRNA的表达差异, 对其靶基因进行预测、分析。方法以感染复数0.5的ZIKV(ZJ03株)感染HepG2, 以超速离心法提取、纯化感染2 d与未感染细胞的外泌体(Exo-ZIKV与Exo-NC)。以透射电镜观察外泌体形态, 纳米粒径分析检测外泌体粒径分布, Western blot检测外泌体标志蛋白质等方法鉴定。提取纯化外泌体小RNA, 进行miRNA测序与分析, 对部分差异表达miRNA采用实时定量PCR验证。生物信息方法分析差异miRNA靶基因。结果在透射电镜下呈杯托状双层膜小囊泡结构;粒径大小分布几乎一致但Exo-ZIKV浓度(5.24×108颗粒/ml )较Exo-NC(3.06×108 paritcle/ml)增多。Western blot检测出Hsp70、CD63和CD9蛋白表达, 测序分析显示共20个差异表达miRNA, 其中12个miRNA表达上调8个miRNA表达下调, 上调miRNA多与抗病毒通路相关, 差异表达miRNA对应的靶基因主要富集在嘧啶与嘌呤代谢等途径中。结论 ZI...     

干性基因在儿童急性B淋巴细胞白血病中的表达及临床意义

目的 本研究旨在探讨初诊急性B淋巴细胞白血病（B-ALL）患儿骨髓中干性基因的表达及其与临床预后指标的关系.方法 应用Real-time PCR检测32例初诊B-ALL患儿（B-ALL组）和5例骨髓象正常儿童（对照组）的骨髓单个核细胞上干性基因（Oct4、JAG1、Nanog、Sox2、Fgf4等）的表达,比较B-ALL组和对照组的差异,在此基础上结合临床资料（如性别、年龄、外周血白细胞、危险度分层等）进行相关性分析.结果 B-ALL组儿童的相关于性基因Nanog、JAG1、CD133-2、CD44和Runx1的表达水平较对照组明显增高,分别为对照组的2.74±1.00、4.31 ±2.41、10.23±3.21、4.66±1.73和7.44±3.01倍（P＜0.01）,Oct4、Sox2、D LL1、Fgf4和COX-2表达水平较对照组明显降低,分别为对照组的15.00％±0.06、13.00％±0.08、18.12％±0.11、4.73％±0.03和9.59％±0.00（P ＜0.01）;初诊B-ALL组干性基因表达与其性别、年龄、外周血白细胞计数、骨髓幼稚细胞比例、FAB分型、细胞遗传学异常、融合基因表达等均无相关性,其中JAG1基因表达与B-ALL危险度分层有明显相关性（r=0.755,P＜0.01）,其余基因表达与危险度分层无明显相关.结论 与正常儿童的骨髓相比较,初诊B-ALL患儿骨髓中干性基因存在异常表达（上调或下调）,其中JAG1基因表达与B-ALL的临床危险度分层显著相关,提示JAG1基因可能是B-ALL的危险因子,可能对判断患儿预后及指导临床治疗有潜在价值.     

多疣壁虎断尾后脊髓再生过程中mRNA和微小RNA差异表达谱的分析

目的 分析多疣壁虎断尾后脊髓再生过程中相关mRNA和微小RNA(miRNA)的表达变化,探讨差异表达的mRNA和miRNA在脊髓损伤再生过程中的生物学作用。方法 构建多疣壁虎断尾模型,50只多疣壁虎分为正常组、断尾15 d组和断尾25 d组,每组5只实验重复3次,余5只备用。收集各组标本,提取各组RNA并进行高通量测序。生物信息学分析鉴定组间差异表达的mRNA、miRNA,基因本体论(GO)富集分析差异表达的mRNA功能注释,构建脊髓再生相关的miRNA和mRNA基因调控网络。结果 经测序分析多疣壁虎正常和新生脊髓中mRNA、miRNA的差异表达,断尾15 d组和断尾25 d组分别鉴定到538、510个差异mRNA表达和446、127个差异miRNA表达。GO分析发现,差异表达的mRNA聚集于与细胞增殖、神经发育相关的生物学过程。在脊髓再生相关miRNA及其靶基因调控网络中,断尾15 d组有21个mRNA表达下调,被41个上调的miRNA负向调控;12个mRNA表达上调,受到29个下调的miRNA调控。在断尾25 d组中,8个mRNA表达下调,被10个上调的miRNA负向调控;20个m...     

EGFR敏感突变肺腺癌患者纵膈淋巴结转移相关基因的检测与分析

目的本研究采用转录组测序和生物信息学分析等方法,以期筛选出肺腺癌淋巴结转移相关基因。方法分别检测伴和不伴纵膈淋巴结转移的EGFR敏感突变肺腺癌临床标本转录组表达谱,筛选出差异表达基因(DEGs);对这些DEGs进行相关生物信息分析,探索这些基因在淋巴结转移进程中可能发挥的作用。q-PCR法验证高表达基因在PC9细胞株(EGFR敏感突变细胞株)中的表达情况。结果共检测了10例肺腺癌标本的转录组表达谱,通过差异基因表达分析筛选出169个DEGs,其中,68个在肺腺癌样本中表达上调、101个基因表达下调。q-PCR结果显示:高表达基因在PC-9细胞中,ZNF572、BRPF3、MMACHC等7个基因的表达量为中丰度,SMOC1、A1BG、BARX1等9个基因为低丰度,其余均为高丰度。结论 TFF3及DUSP6等多个差异表达基因可能涉及肺腺癌纵膈淋巴结转移进程。     

基因表达系列分析技术研究进展

基因表达系列分析技术(SAGE)是一种新的基因表达分析技术,它可以大量获取全基因组范围基因表达的类别并量化分析。由于其克服了基因丰度的影响,SAGE在新基因的发现中具有独特的优点。同时,SAGE技术被成功应用于特异组织或细胞的转录组研究、mRNA群体间的全局化比较以及差异表达基因染色体分布的分析。文章主要述及了SAGE技术的原理、特点及其在应用上的最新进展。     

高血压病血瘀证相关miRNA的筛选

目的:筛选与高血压病血瘀证相关微小RNA(microRNA,miRNA),从基因组学探索高血压病血瘀证的发病机制。方法:运用高血压病气虚血瘀证、气滞血瘀证、寒凝血瘀证、热结血瘀证、非血瘀证患者和健康人的血清干预人脐静脉血管内皮细胞CRL-1730,建立高血压病血瘀证血管内皮细胞损伤模型;提取各组总RNA,采用Solexa高通量测序法和数字基因表达谱测序原理对各组样本进行测序分析,筛选各组间的差异表达miRNA和mRNA,使用靶基因miRWalk预测软件对2者进行相关性的整合,筛选与血瘀证相关miRNA,qRT-PCR定量分析验证miRNA的表达。结果:整合气虚血瘀组与非血瘀组、气滞血瘀组与非血瘀组、寒凝血瘀组与非血瘀组、热结血瘀组与非血瘀组相关数据后,在高表达的基因群中发现SAT1-Hsa-miR-199a-5p和ATF4-Hsa-miR-1283;qRT-PCR定量检测Hsa-miR-199a-5p和Hsa-miR-1283在高血压病血瘀证组和非血瘀证组中的上调与下调趋势与基因测序结果一致。结论:Hsa-miR-199a-5p和Hsa-miR-1283可能是高血压病血瘀证形成的特异性相关miRNA。     

急性淋巴细胞白血病患者骨髓单个核细胞TAp63基因的表达

背景：据作者查新检索,国内外有关急性白血病患者骨髓单个核细胞TAp63基因表达的报道罕见。 目的：观察急性淋巴细胞白血病患者骨髓单个核细胞TAp63基因的表达及其意义。 方法：50例急性淋巴细胞白血病患者,其中32例急性B淋巴细胞白血病,18例急性T淋巴细胞白血病。同期选择27例非恶性血液病患者作为对照。取肝素抗凝的骨髓液2~4 mL,用Ficoll液分离骨髓单个核细胞,半定量反转录聚合酶链反应法检测TAp63的表达。 结果与结论：50例急性淋巴细胞白血病患者有49例表达TAp63,急性淋巴细胞白血病组明显高于非恶性血液病组(P < 0.05),急性B淋巴细胞白血病表达水平显著高于急性T淋巴细胞白血病(P < 0.05)。动态观察了5例初治急性淋巴细胞白血病化疗后不同阶段TAp63的表达变化,发现初治时TAp63表达,缓解后低表达或不表达,复发后又表达。结果表明TAp63在急性淋巴细胞白血病患者骨髓单个核细胞的表达明显高于非恶性血液病患者,尤其在急性B淋巴细胞白血病患者中高表达。     

A large imprinted microRNA gene cluster at the mouse Dlk1-Gtl2 domain

microRNAs (or miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs (21 to 25 nucleotides) that are processed from longer hairpin RNA precursors and are believed to be involved in a wide range of developmental and cellular processes, by either repressing translation or triggering mRNA degradation (RNA interference). By using a computer-assisted approach, we have identified 46 potential miRNA genes located in the human imprinted 14q32 domain, 40 of which are organized as a large cluster. Although some of these clustered miRNA genes appear to be encoded by a single-copy DNA sequence, most of them are arranged in tandem arrays of closely related sequences. In the mouse, this miRNA gene cluster is conserved at the homologous distal 12 region. In vivo all the miRNAs that we have detected are expressed in the developing embryo (both in the head and in the trunk) and in the placenta, whereas in the adult their expression is mainly restricted to the brain. We also show that the miRNA genes are only expressed from the maternally inherited chromosome and that their imprinted expression is regulated by an intergenic germline-derived differentially methylated region (IG-DMR) located approximately 200 kb upstream from the miRNA cluster. The functions of these miRNAs, which seem only conserved in mammals, are discussed both in terms of epigenetic control and gene regulation during development.     

微渠多孔羟基磷灰石支架诱导骨髓间充质干细胞成骨分化的miRNA表达谱分析

文题释义： 羟基磷灰石：是目前最为理想的生物活性材料,具有生物相容性、骨传导性和骨诱导性,植入人体后对组织无刺激和排斥作用,能与骨形成很强的化学结合,用作骨缺损的充填材料,能为新骨的形成提供支架,发挥骨传导作用,是理想的硬组织替代材料。 MicroRNA(miRNA)：是一类内生的、长度为20-24个核苷酸的单链小分子RNA,由具有发夹结构的70-90个碱基大小的单链RNA前体经过Dicer酶加工后生成,其可以通过几个miRNAs的组合在转录后水平精细调控基因的表达。 背景：多孔羟基磷灰石支架具有良好的体内外成骨效能,但其所涉及的miRNAs复杂调控机制相关研究较少。 目的：探讨多孔羟基磷灰石支架材料介导大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞成骨矿化过程中相关miRNA表达谱的变化。 方法：体外分离、培养和鉴定大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞,将骨髓间充质干细胞与多孔羟基磷灰石支架共培养为实验组,骨髓间充质干细胞单独培养为空白对照组,分别进行成骨诱导7 d,运用miRNA高通量测序技术分析两组骨髓间充质干细胞成骨矿化过程中相关miRNA表达谱的变化并进行GO分析,筛选出两组中表达差异明显的miRNA分子并进行qRT-PCR验证。 结果与结论：①与空白对照组比较,成骨诱导7 d时实验组BMP2、ALP、Runx2 mRNA表达上调,其中BMP2上调明显(P < 0.05);②microRNA高通量测序结果显示miR-210-3p、miR-146a-5p等13个miRNAs明显上调;let-7c-3p、let-3615等17个miRNAs明显下调;③GO分析上调的miRNA靶基因主要参与生物学调节、细胞基因表达、基因表达调节等,包括NF-κB、Toll样受体9、细胞间黏附、白细胞介素1调节、血管生成、Hippo等信号通路;④实时荧光定量qPCR验证结果显示miRNA-210在实验组上调15倍,miR-146a-5p在实验组上调10倍(P < 0.05);⑤结果表明,新型微渠多孔羟基磷灰石支架可以通过上调骨髓间充质干细胞miRNA-210-3p和miR-146a表达,促进骨髓间充质干细胞的成骨分化。 ORCID: 0000-0002-8722-1548(郑佳俊) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程     

Increased levels of serum miR‐148a‐3p are associated with prostate cancer

Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common types of cancer and the fifth leading cause of death among men worldwide. The tools for diagnosing PCa have limited value, and to improve correct diagnosis there is a need for markers that can contribute to a more precise diagnosis, which would lead to proper treatment of only those patients who need it. Micro RNA (miRNA) plays a key role in the development of cancer and is therefore a potential marker for PCa. Next‐generation sequencing was used to discover differences in miRNA expression between serum samples from PCa patients and healthy controls, and the results were validated by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Detection of the miRNA of interest was attempted in prostate tissue by in situ hybridization. All samples were collected in collaboration with Biobank1^®. By miRNA sequencing of serum samples, significant expression of some miRNAs in patients with PCa and healthy controls was detected. This study showed that miR‐148a‐3p is upregulated in men with PCa, and the miRNA is differentially expressed in PCa patients compared to healthy controls. The results also showed that miR‐148a‐3p is located in prostate tissue.     

CD58 expression decreases as nonmalignant B cells mature in bone marrow and is frequently overexpressed in adult and pediatric precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia

We used flow cytometry to determine the CD58 expression on nonmalignant B cells at different stages of maturation in the bone marrow and compared it with that of blasts in adult and pediatric precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). The mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of CD58 expression decreased significantly as nonmalignant B cells differentiated in the bone marrow from an early to a mature stage. Few nonneoplastic B cells at a mid or mature stage of development expressed CD58 MFI values comparable to those seen in leukemic cases. Early-stage nonneoplastic B-cell precursors expressed relatively higher CD58 levels, which frequently overlapped with the variable level of CD58 expression observed among leukemic blasts. As a group, however, the malignant precursor B-ALL cells showed significantly higher expression of CD58 than nonmalignant B-cell populations at any maturational stage. These findings support the potential usefulness of CD58 expression in the diagnosis and monitoring of precursor B-ALL, but only when blasts express high levels of CD58.     

Maternally imprinted microRNAs are differentially expressed during mouse and human lung development.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a recently discovered class of noncoding genes that regulate the translation of target mRNA. More than 300 miRNAs have now been discovered in humans, although the function of most is still unknown. A highly sensitive, semiquantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction method was used to reveal the differential expression of several miRNAs during the development of both mouse and human lung. Of note was the up-regulation in neonatal mouse and fetal human lung of a maternally imprinted miRNA cluster located at human chromosome 14q32.31 (mouse chromosome 12F2), which includes the miR-154 and miR-335 families and is situated within the Gtl2-Dio3 domain. Conversely, several miRNAs were up-regulated in adult compared with neonatal/fetal lung, including miR-29a and miR-29b. Differences in the spatial expression patterns of miR-154, miR-29a, and miR-26a was demonstrated using in situ hybridization of mouse neonatal and adult tissue using miRNA-specific locked nucleic acid (LNA) probes. Of interest, miR-154 appeared to be localized to the stroma of fetal but not adult lungs. The overall expression profile was similar for mouse and human tissue, suggesting evolutionary conservation of miRNA expression during lung development and demonstrating the importance of maternally imprinted miRNAs in the developmental process.     

Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-positive cells in trephine biopsies following bone marrow or peripheral stem cell transplantation reflect vigorous B-cell generation

AIMS: Bone marrow is the major site of B-cell generation in humans. While in early childhood a high number of B-cell precursors is found in the bone marrow, only very few such cells are usually detectable in adult bone marrow. To assess the number of immature B cells present after haematopoietic cell transplantation the number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-positive cells in regenerating bone marrow of adult patients was analysed. METHODS AND RESULTS: Bone marrow biopsy specimens were analysed from patients after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT; n = 14) or stem cell transplantation (SCT; n = 25) and autologous BMT (n = 9). Specimens from 11 untransplanted adult patients and 11 infants were also studied, as negative and positive controls, respectively. Immunohistochemistry was performed on paraffin-embedded bone marrow biopsy sections using TdT as a marker of lymphoid progenitors. Immunoreactivity for CD79a, CD20 and CD10 was used to confirm their B-cell origin. Using computer-assisted automated image analysis we quantitatively assessed the TdT+ cells present. We found a significant increase in the numbers of B-cell precursors in the bone marrow after allogeneic and autologous BMT/SCT compared with adult controls (P = 0.022). To analyse this in detail, we followed some patients after allogeneic BMT/SCT for up to 1445 days, when a marked B-cell increase was still detectable. However, the median number of TdT+ B cells after BMT/SCT was significantly lower than the number of equivalent B cells in infantile bone marrow biopsy specimens (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Bone marrow of adult patients after BMT/SCT is capable of initiating vigorous precursor B-cell generation, which is not seen in untransplanted adults. However, the increase of immature B cells was variable in our study. Only in two young adult patients did it reach the magnitude of B-cell generation seen in infantile bone marrow where immunocompetent B cells are produced normally. A marked increase in number of immature B cells post-transplant may mimic B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (B-ALL). This is a potential problem in patients transplanted for B-ALL itself. Since reactive and neoplastic B-cell precursors share the same immunophenotype in paraffin-embedded tissue, additional tools, particularly molecular techniques, may have to be employed to establish the correct diagnosis.