MR扩散加权平面回波成像对良恶性椎体骨折鉴别诊断的价值

目的　探讨单次激发平面回波SE序列扩散加权成像对良、恶性椎体压缩性骨折鉴别诊断的价值。资料与方法　对 46例 5 9个骨折椎体MR常规平扫后行扩散加权成像 ,良性组 2 7例 40个骨折椎体 ,恶性组 19例 19个骨折椎体 ,取b =0 ,2 0 0 ,40 0s/mm2 。测量病变椎体的信号强度比和信噪比。结果　在DWI上 ,良性骨折椎体与邻近正常椎体相比均呈低或等信号 ,恶性骨折椎体则呈高信号 ,2组骨折椎体的信号强度比和信噪比间存在显著差异(P <0 .0 1) ,诊断准确率 98%。而常规T1WI、T2 WI及STIR的误诊率达 6 .8%。结论　单次激发平面回波扩散加权成像对良、恶性椎体压缩性骨折的鉴别诊断是一种简便、有效的补充手段。     

磁共振扩散加权成像对椎体良恶性骨折的鉴别诊断价值

目的探讨磁共振扩散加权成像(DWI)在椎体良恶性骨折中的鉴别诊断价值。方法31例共58个病变椎体均做了MRI常规扫描和扩散加权成像,良性组20例32个骨折椎体,恶性组8例18个椎体,结核组3例8个椎体,正常对照组31个椎体。b值为600s/mm2,分析病变椎体与正常椎体DWI信号特点,并测定ADC值,定量分析比较病变组与对照组之间,良、恶性组,恶性组与结核组之间ADC值有无统计学差异。结果良性组、恶性组、结核组以及对照组ADC值分别为(1.44±0.41)×10-3mm2/s、(0.94±0.17)×10-3mm2/s、(0.98±0.13)×10-3mm2/s、(0.42±0.16)×10-3mm2/s。病变组ADC值均显著高于对照组(P<0.001),良性组明显高于恶性组(P<0.01),恶性组与结核组无统计学差异(P>0.05)。以恶性组95%可信区间上界1.02×10-3mm2/s定为良恶性椎体骨折ADC值界值,诊断敏感性72.2%,特异性90.6%。结论DWI对脊椎良恶性骨折具有重要的鉴别诊断价值,可作为常规MRI检查的重要补充手段。     

脊柱椎体单纯性和病理性压缩骨折的磁共振成像

椎体压缩性骨折在临床上并不少见，病因有骨质疏松、外伤所致的单纯性椎体压缩与病理性压缩骨折。对不同病因引起的椎体压缩性骨折，治疗原则和方法有极大的区别，因此病因的鉴别对临床诊断和治疗有非常重要的意义。本文比较了单纯性和病理性脊柱压缩骨折的不同影像诊断方法及常规磁共振上两者的不同表现与鉴别点，同时详细介绍了磁共振的新技术——弥散技术在鉴别单纯性和病理性脊柱压缩骨折的应用。     

MR扩散加权成像对前列腺癌的诊断价值

目的 探讨磁共振扩散加权成像(DWI)在前列腺癌的诊断及鉴别诊断中的应用价值.资料与方法 40例前列腺疾病中17例前列腺癌及23例前列腺增生.所有病例行MR DWI扫描,b值为800 s/mm2.分析各病例的DWI和表观扩散系数(ADC)图表现,并分别测量癌区、前列腺增生组织以及膀胱内尿液的ADC值,统计分析组间是否存在差异.结果 17例前列腺癌中15例在DWI上呈明显高信号,ADC图呈低信号,能直观显示肿瘤的范围.前列腺癌组织的平均ADC值为(1.03±0.32)×10-3 mm2/s,前列腺增生组织的平均ADC值为(1.62±0.16)×10-3 mm2/s,两者之间有统计学意义(P=0.002);前列腺癌与前列腺增生的膀胱内尿液的平均ADC值分别为(3.24±0.30)×10-3 mm2/s、(3.25±0.29)×10-3 mm2/s,两者之间无统计学意义(P=0.834).结论 DWI可显示前列腺癌的位置和侵犯范围;根据DWI信号特点以及ADC值可以提高前列腺癌的诊断准确率,对前列腺癌与前列腺增生具有较高的鉴别诊断价值.     

MR扩散加权成像对宫腔良恶性病变的鉴别诊断价值

目的:初步探讨DWI检查时表观扩散系数(ADC)值对局限于宫腔的子宫内膜癌与常见宫腔良性病变的鉴别诊断价值.方法:对32例经手术病理证实为局限于宫腔的子宫内膜癌和19例经分段诊刮病理检查证实为宫腔的良性病变(内膜增生l2例、内膜息肉7例)的患者行常规MRI和DWI检查(b=1000s/mm2),经后处理获得ADC图,测...     

MR扩散加权成像在胃良恶性肿瘤鉴别诊断中的应用价值

目的探讨扩散加权成像(diffusion-weighted imaging,DWI)及其表观扩散系数(apparent diffusion coeffi-cient,ADC)在胃良、恶性肿瘤鉴别中的价值,确定ADC值在良恶性肿瘤鉴别中的最佳临界点。方法 39例经手术或胃镜活检病理证实的胃肿瘤性病变患者,进行常规MRI及DWI,b值采用800 s/mm2,以病理结果为金标准,统计分析胃良性和恶性占位之间的ADC值差异。结果当b值为800 s/mm2,良性组ADC平均值为(2.200±0.959)×10-3mm2/s,恶性组ADC平均值为(1.89±0.463)×10-3mm2/s,两组间有显著差异(F=25.12,P<0.05)。受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线显示,区别良恶性胃部肿瘤的最佳临界点为1.915×10-3mm2/s,其敏感性为88.7%,特异性为91.1%,约登指数为0.798。结论 DWI在胃肿瘤诊断中具有可行性。b值为800 s/mm2时,胃良性和恶性肿瘤之间的ADC值存在显著统计学差异,区别胃部良恶性肿瘤的最佳临界点为1.915×10-3mm2/s,ADC值对于鉴别胃良恶性肿瘤有辅助诊断价值。     

MR扩散加权成像对颅内囊性肿块的鉴别诊断价值

目的 :探讨MR扩散加权成像对颅内囊性肿块的鉴别诊断价值。方法 :搜集有手术病理结果的患者 3 1例 ,其中表皮样囊肿 9例 ,蛛网膜囊肿 15例 ,囊性颅咽管瘤 4例 ,颅底囊性变神经鞘瘤 3例。所有病例均行MR常规T1WI、T2 WI及DWI扫描 ,回顾性分析各组病例的MR常规及扩散加权成像表现。结果 :在MR扩散加权图像上 ,所有 7例表皮样囊肿均为显著高信号 ,而在指数扩散加权像及ADC图上为等信号 ;其余病变在扩散加权图像上为低信号或伴等信号。结论 :MR扩散加权成像有助于表皮样囊肿与其它颅内脑外囊性肿块的鉴别 ,表皮样囊肿的扩散加权高信号主要是由“T2余辉效应”而非水分子扩散受限所致。     

MR扩散加权成像在眼眶良恶性肿块鉴别诊断中的应用

目的 分析眶内良恶性肿块的扩散加权成像(DWI)特征,评价表观扩散系数(ADC)值对其诊断价值.方法 对77例眶内肿块进行常规MRI及DWI,其中良性肿块55例,恶性肿块22例.扩散敏感系数(b)值=0、1000 s/mm2,测量病变对侧颞叶脑白质感兴趣区DWI信号,获得相应的肿块区ADC(ADCM)值、病变对侧颞叶脑白质ADC(ADCw)值,计算二者比值(ADCR).以不同ADCM值及ADCR作为临界点区分眶内良恶性肿块绘制出受试者工作特征曲线(ROC).结果 眶内良性肿块ADCM值及ADCR分别为(1.56±0.75)×10-3mm2/s、1.85±0.91;恶性肿块ADCM值及ADCR分别为(1.09±0.42)×10-3mm2/s、1.28±0.53;良性肿块ADCM值及ADCR显著高于恶性肿块(t值分别为2.803、2.735,P值均＜0.01).以不同ADCM值、ADCR作为临界点判断眶内良恶性肿块绘制ROC,曲线下面积均为0.71±0.07.以ADCM值为1.05×10-3mm2/s作为判断眶内良恶性肿块的决定值,灵敏度、特异度和准确率分别为59.1%(13/22)、78.2%(43/55)和72.7%(56/77);以ADCR为1.24作为决定值,灵敏度、特异度和准确率分别为59.1%(13/22)、76.4%(42/55)和71.4%(55/77).结论 DWI可揭示眼眶肿块的扩散特征,ADC值对于良恶性肿块的鉴别诊断具有辅助诊断价值.     

MR扩散加权成像对Ⅰ型与Ⅱ型子宫内膜癌的鉴别诊断价值

【摘要】目的：探讨表观扩散系数（ADC）对Ⅰ型与Ⅱ型子宫内膜癌的鉴别诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析93例经手术病理证实的I型（71例）与II型（22例）子宫内膜癌患者的病例资料。所有患者均行常规MRI及DWI检查，b值为0，1000s/mm2。由两位医师在ADC图上分别测量ADC值，并比较Ⅰ型与Ⅱ型子宫内膜癌的ADC值。统计学分析采用Mann-Whitney U检验、Fisher确切概率法、ROC曲线分析及组内相关系数（ICC）。结果：Ⅱ型子宫内膜癌ADC中位数值为0.73［0.626，0.868］×10-3mm2/s，显著低于I型子宫内膜癌的ADC中位数值0.876 ［0.813，0.972］×10-3mm2/s，两组间差异具有统计学意义（Z=-3.982，P＜0.001）。ROC曲线显示ADC值鉴别Ⅱ型与Ⅰ型子宫内膜癌的曲线下面积为0.782，当ADC阈值为0.743×10-3mm2/s时，敏感度为64%，特异度为90%，符合率为84%。结论：ADC值有助于鉴别Ⅰ型与Ⅱ型子宫内膜癌。     

MR弥散技术对脊柱压缩性骨折诊断价值初探

目的：初步评价MR弥散技术对脊柱单纯性和病理性压缩性骨折的诊断价值。方法：7l例脊柱椎体压缩性骨折行X线、MRI平扫和弥散序列检查(35例加作增强扫描)，其中53例另作CT检查。病理性骨折38例(包括转移性肿瘤29例，骨髓瘤4例，嗜酸性肉芽肿2例，结核3例)；单纯性分析33例(包括单纯外伤所致18例，骨质疏松所致l5例)。病理性分析者行CT引导下经皮骨穿刺检查或手术病理证实；外伤或骨质疏松所致椎体压缩性骨折均符合临床、实验室检查及MRI表现，部分经随访证实。结果：急性单纯性压缩性骨折和病理性骨折在常规MRI上有各自的特点。9％(3／33)单纯性压缩性骨折在DWI表现为等低信号混有条状高信号；24％(8／33)表现为等低信号；67％(22／33)表现为高信号。93％(36／38)病理性椎体压缩性骨折DWI上表现为高信号；7％(2／38)表现为等低信号。DWI上均至高信号的单纯性压缩和病理性压缩经统计分析无显著性意义(P＞0．05)。结论：单凭MRI弥散序列的信号改变不能非常准确地鉴别脊柱单纯性压缩性分析和病理性骨折，需进一步深入定量研究。     

常规MRI结合DWI在良恶性脑膜瘤鉴别诊断中的应用

目的：探讨常规MRI结合扩散加权成像（DWI）在良、恶性脑膜瘤鉴别诊断中的临床应用。方法：对56例良性（Ⅰ级）、11例非典型性（Ⅱ级）和4例间变性脑膜瘤（Ⅲ级）患者行常规MRI和DWI检查,所有病例均经手术和病理证实。结果：①良、恶性脑膜瘤的最常见部位均位于额部;两者在肿瘤大小、形态和信号特点等方面均无明显差异;但恶性脑膜瘤在肿瘤囊变坏死、边缘不规整、周围水肿、肿瘤强化方式和脑膜尾征等征象发生率上明显高于良性脑膜瘤,两者之间差异有明显统计学意义;肿瘤侵犯脑实质或（和）破坏周围颅骨是诊断恶性脑膜瘤较为特异性征象;②良、恶性脑膜瘤的扩散系数（ADC）值分别为（8.73±1.68）×10^-9mm^2/s、（7.26±3.22）×10^-9mm^2/s,两者之间差异存在显著性意义。结论：常规MRI对于良恶性脑膜瘤的鉴别诊断有一些特征性征象,结合ADC值的变化,能明显提高对于良恶性脑膜瘤的鉴别诊断。     

Combined diffusion-weighted and dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging of patients with acute osteoporotic vertebral fractures

Objectives

To evaluate the potential and to analyze parameter correlations of combined quantitative diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) and high-temporal-resolution dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) in vertebral bone marrow (vBM) of patients with osteoporosis and acute vertebral compression fractures, providing additional information for a better understanding of the physiological background of parameter changes.

Materials and methods

20 patients with acute osteoporotic fractures were examined with DWI and DCE-MRI at 1.5 T. DCE-MRI was performed with a 2D saturation-recovery turbo-FLASH sequence, acquiring 300 dynamics with a temporal resolution of 1 s. For DWI measurements, a DW HASTE sequence with b-values from 100 to 600 s/mm² was applied. In each patient, ROIs were drawn manually in the fractures and in normal appearing vertebrae. For DCE-MRI, the concentration-time curves of these ROIs were analyzed using a two-compartment tracer-kinetic model in the lesions, providing separate estimates of perfusion and permeability, and a one-compartment model in normal vBM, providing only a mixed representation of perfusion and permeability in terms of a mixed flow parameter K^trans and the extracellular volume (ECV). In the case of DWI, attenuation curves were fitted to a monoexponential decay model to determine the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC).

Results

Mean perfusion parameters and ADCs were significantly (p < 0.001) different in the fractures compared to adjacent normal appearing vertebrae (K^trans: 7.81 mL/100 mL/min vs. 14.61 mL/100 mL/min, ECV: 52.84 mL/100 mL vs. 4.61 mL/100 mL, ADC: 1.71 × 10^-3 mm²/s vs. 0.57 × 10^-3 mm²/s). ADCs showed a significant correlation with the ECV.

Conclusion

The quantitative analysis of DWI and DCE-MRI could distinguish osteoporotic fractures from normal appearing vertebrae. A significant correlation found between ECV and ADCs might be able to explain the cause for the increased diffusivity in osteoporotic fractures. Since the other perfusion parameters do not correlate with the ADC, they provide additional pathophysiological information not accessible with DWI.     

对良、恶性椎体压缩性骨折MRI鉴别诊断的再认识

目的：提高对椎体压缩性骨折定性征象的认识。方法：回顾性分析经临床确诊的椎体压缩性骨折56例78个椎体，外伤性骨折11例15个椎体；非外伤性骨折17例25个椎体；恶性压缩性骨折28例38个椎体，MRl分别重点观察了椎体骨髓信号、椎体后缘的形态、MRI增强的强化方式、椎弓根的形态及椎旁软组织的形态。结果：恶性压缩性骨折较特异性的MRI征象有：(1)L1WI像上椎体呈广泛均匀低信号；(2)椎体后缘呈球形凸出；(3)T2WI像上椎弓根膨大且可见高信号；(4)T2WI／I像受累椎体的不均一强化；(5)瘤样椎旁软组织肿块。结论：MRI的特征性改变能准确地鉴别良、恶性椎体压缩性骨折。     

髌骨软化症的MRI研究

目的：总结髌骨软化症（ＣＭＰ）的ＭＲＩ表现，研究ＭＲＩ对ＣＭＰ的诊断作用。材料与方法：对９７例拟诊ＣＭＰ膝关节的ＭＲＩ表现和关节镜检查所见进行对照研究。结果：ＣＭＰ的ＭＲＩ表现为：（１）髌软骨内尖刺状或斑片状低信号；（２）软骨局部隆起，其内信号强度减低；（３）软骨表面不光滑；（４）软骨变薄；（５）软骨缺损、骨质暴露。以关节镜为标准ＭＲＩ诊断ＣＭＰ的敏感性为９０．７％，特异性为７８．６％，准确性为８５．６％。结论：ＭＲＩ能显示ＣＭＰ的病理变化；在病变晚期，与关节镜的诊断符合性好；在病变早期，ＭＲＩ在诊断上有一定优势     

Respiratory motion artifact suppression in diffusion-weighted MR imaging of the spine

Diffusion-weighted spin-echo imaging of the spine has been successfully implemented for differentiation of benign fracture edema and tumor infiltration of the vertebral body. Nevertheless, this technique still suffers from insufficient image quality in numerous patients due to motion artifacts. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of variable respiratory motion artifact suppression techniques on image quality in diffusion-weighted spin-echo imaging of the spine. In addition to phase-encoding reordering, a newly implemented right hemi-diaphragmaitc navigator for respiratory gating was used. Subjective and objective image quality parameters were compared. Respiratory motion artifact suppression has a major impact on image quality in diffusion-weighted imaging of the spine. Phase-encoding reordering does not enhance image quality while right hemi-diaphragmatic respiratory navigator gating significantly improves image quality at the cost of data acquisition time. Navigator gating should be used if standard spin-echo diffusion-weighted imaging demonstrates insufficient image quality. Electronic Publication     

MR imaging of intracranial vertebral artery occlusion

Summary Magnetic resonance (MR) images of nine patients with intracranial vertebral artery occlusion (five proved, four presumed) have been reviewed. In two of nine, both vertebral arteries were occluded and in five of the nine, the basilar artery was also blocked. All occluded arteries showed absence of flow void and were clearly demonstrated as mildly hypo-mildly hyperintense structures to brainstem parenchyma on the T1-weighted images. In two of five patients with basilar artery occlusion, retrograde filling of the distal basilar artery was detected. Thus, MR imaging, in particular the T1-weighted image, is a pertinent diagnostic modality for evaluating intracranial vertebral artery occlusion. Angiography does not seem to be required for confirmation.     

脊柱原发性骨质疏松椎体压缩的MRI表现

目的探讨脊柱原发性骨质疏松椎体压缩的ＭＲＩ表现。方法对３年间Ｘ线诊断、临床证实的６０例脊柱原发性骨质疏松的ＭＲＩ表现进行回顾分析，并与对照组比较。结果１６２个椎体表现为压缩变形，其中凹陷形９８个，楔形５１个，扁平形１３个。压缩椎体邻近椎间盘常膨突到椎体凹陷区内；矢状位Ｔ１ＷＩ４７个椎体表现为椎体内不同范围、不同类型的低信号。结论压缩椎体后上角突入椎管内，Ｔ１ＷＩ椎体终板下呈带状低信号和除椎体后角外全椎体呈低信号，为原发性骨质疏松椎体压缩ＭＲＩ比较典型的表现。     

Evaluation of MR diffusion-weighted imaging in differentiating endometriosis infiltrating the bowel from colorectal carcinoma

Objective

Endometriosis infiltrating the bowel may be difficult to differentiate from colorectal carcinoma in cases that present with non-specific clinical and imaging features. The aim of this study is to assess the value of MR diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in differentiating endometriosis infiltrating the bowel from colorectal carcinoma.

Methods

In 66 patients, MR DWI was added to the standard imaging protocol in patients visiting our outdoor MR clinic for the analysis of suspected or known deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE). In patients diagnosed with DIE infiltrating the bowel on MR imaging, high b-value diffusion-weighted images were qualitatively assessed by two readers in consensus and compared to high b-value diffusion weighted images in 15 patients evaluated for colorectal carcinoma. In addition, ADC values of lesions were calculated, using b-values of 50, 400 and 800 s/mm².

Results

A total of 15 patients were diagnosed with DIE infiltrating the bowel on MR imaging. Endometriosis infiltrating the bowel showed low signal intensity on high b-value diffusion-weighted images in all patients, whereas colorectal carcinoma showed high signal intensity on high b-value diffusion-weighted images in all patients. Mean ADC value in endometriosis infiltrating the bowel (0.80 ± 0.06 × 10⁻³ mm²/s) was significantly lower compared to mean ADC value in colorectal carcinoma (0.86 ± 0.06 × 10⁻³ mm²/s), but with considerable overlap between ADC values.

Conclusion

Only qualitative assessment of MR DWI may be valuable to facilitate differentiation between endometriosis infiltrating the bowel and colorectal carcinoma.     

子宫腺肌症的MRI表现及其病理学对照研究

目的：研究MRI在子宫腺肌症诊断中的应用价值。方法：对30例子宫腺肌症患者行矢状面快速自旋回波（Turbo SE)T1WI,T2TI,T1和T2频谱预饱和翻转恢复序列（T1SPIR和T2SPIR）扫描，必要时辅以横断面或冠状面扫描。所有病例均经手术病理证实。结果：弥漫型子宫腺肌症12例，在T2WI上表现为子宫结合带弥漫性增厚，厚度10－35mm，平均18mm，6例病变呈均匀低信号；6例病变内有散在的点高信号区，其中5例在T1WI仍表现为高信号。局限型子宫腺肌症（腺肌瘤）18例共23个病灶，在T2WI上表现为肌层内卵圆形，不规则形或类圆形肿块，呈与结合带信号相近的低信号，直径2．0－7.5cm，平均3.9cm，除1个病灶与周围肌组织有较清楚的界限外，其余病灶均与周围肌组织分界不清，15个病灶内有散在点状高信号区，其中12个在T1WI上也呈高信号，MRI上弥漫增厚的结合带和局限性低信号肿块，病理学上为异位内膜岛周围增生肥大的平滑肌，其内散在的点状信号区异异位内膜岛。仅在T2WI表现高信号的为示出血的内膜岛，在T1WI和T2WI均为高信号的为出血的内膜岛。结论：MRI是诊断子宫腺肌症的优越的无创性检查方法，T2WI最佳扫描序列，T2WI与T1WI，T1SPIR，T2SPIR4种序列相结合可大大提高断诊准确率。