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1.
Background
African American youth residing in urban poverty have been shown to be at increased risk for exposure to violence and for psychological symptoms, but there has been little investigation of mediating processes that might explain this association.Objectives
This study tested the quality of parent–adolescent relationships and adolescent nondisclosure to adults as mediating mechanisms through which exposure to community violence may lead to psychological symptoms.Methods
The current study surveyed a sample of 152 low-income urban African American early adolescents (aged 12–14). Participants completed self-report questionnaires assessing exposure to community violence, nondisclosure, parent–adolescent relationship, and psychological symptoms (i.e., internalizing and externalizing symptoms).Results
Path analyses revealed that parent–adolescent relationship quality and nondisclosure both functioned as mediators of the relation between exposure to community violence and both internalizing and externalizing symptoms, though significant direct effects for violence exposure on externalizing symptoms remained. Decomposition of effects revealed that nondisclosure was a stronger mediator than parent–adolescent relationship quality. Results also indicated that exposure to violence can lead to externalizing (but not internalizing) symptoms first by way of parent–adolescent relationship quality and then nondisclosure.Conclusions
Combined, these findings suggest that the development of preventive interventions designed to assist adults and parents improve communication and strengthen relationships with adolescents might reduce the negative effects of exposure to community violence on adolescent mental health.2.
Background
Menstruation is a normal physiological process occurring every month throughout the reproductive age of the females. However, significant variation in menstrual pattern is observed among adolescents. The objective of this study was to determine menstrual pattern among adolescent girls of Pokhara Valley.Method
A cross sectional study was conducted in seven schools of Pokhara Valley. A total of 260 adolescent girls were included in the study. Girls were requested to complete questionnaire containing 19 items. Selected girls voluntarily agreed to answer questionnaire under the supervision of the researcher and then the data was analyzed.Results
Mean age of the girls was 14.0?±?1.3 years. Mean age at menarche was 12.2?±?0.9 years. The mean cycle length of the subjects was 34.8?±?11.8 days. It was observed that as many as 167(64.2%) girls had irregular menstrual cycle and significant association was found between regularity of menstruation and ethnicity. Seven (2.7%) girls had a menstrual cycle length shorter than 21 days, 60(23.1%) had cycle longer than 35 days and 193(74.2%) had a normal cycle length between 21 and 35 days. Majority 231(88.8%) had normal duration of menstruation. Dysmenorrhoea was reported by more than half of the girls and significant association was found between severity of dysmenorrhoea with school absenteeism and treatment needed.Conclusion
Dysmenorrhoea was the most common menstrual problem among adolescent girls. Girls’ school attendance was affected due to menstrual pain. Girls with severe dysmenorrhea needed medical treatment. Irregular menstruation was reported by more than half of the girls and significant association was found with the ethnicity.3.
Alexis M. Beale Lauren M. Keeley Hide Okuno Sebastian Szollos Erica Rausch Bridget A. Makol Tara M. Augenstein Melanie F. Lipton Sarah J. Racz Andres De Los Reyes 《Child & youth care forum》2018,47(5):613-631
Background
Impairments in peer relations comprise a core feature of social anxiety, particularly among adolescents. Yet, these impairments may also stem from concerns that commonly co-occur with social anxiety, namely depressive symptoms and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms.Objective
Although peer-related impairments spike during adolescence, we know relatively little about efficiently screening for peer-related impairments that specifically index those impairments relevant to adolescent social anxiety.Method
We recruited 89 adolescents (M?=?14.5 years, 64% female, 65.1% African American) who varied on evaluation-seeking status (30 evaluation-seeking; 59 community control). On a preliminary phone screen, parents provided reports on three peer-related impairment items identified in prior work as particularly discriminative: number of friends, trouble making friends, and trouble keeping friends. Parents and adolescents completed survey measures of social anxiety and mental health concerns commonly linked to social anxiety (i.e., depressive symptoms, ADHD symptoms).Results
Increased peer-related impairments were uniquely related to increased social anxiety, controlling for depressive symptoms and ADHD symptoms. Increased peer-related impairments also predicted increased risk for being above the clinical cut score on measures of social anxiety, depressive symptoms, and ADHD symptoms. The number of peer-related impairments significantly distinguished adolescents on evaluation-seeking status.Conclusions
Using a short list of three items assessing peer-related impairments (number of friends, trouble making friends, and trouble keeping friends) one can efficiently screen for peer-related impairments of specific relevance to adolescent social anxiety. These findings have important implications for leveraging efficient, evidence-based screening devices when clinically assessing adolescent social anxiety, particularly in low-resource mental health settings.4.
Ana Paula Gomes I. Oliveira Bierhals A. L. Gonçalves Soares N. Hellwig E. Tomasi M. C. Formoso Assunção H. Gonçalves 《The journal of nutrition, health & aging》2018,22(3):387-392
Background
Several observational studies have shown association between diet quality and depression, but few studies have explored the interrelationship between these variables.Objective
The aim of this study was to assess the interrelationship between diet quality and depressive symptoms in elderly.Design
Cross-sectional study.Setting
Population based.Participants
1,378 elderly in the city of Pelotas, Brazil.Measurements
The diet quality was assessed by a short food frequency questionnaire and the prevalence of depressive symptoms was estimated by the abbreviated Brazilian version of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). The association between diet quality and depressive symptoms was assessed using logistic regression.Results
The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 15.3%. Elderly with low-quality diet were more likely to experience depressive symptoms, and the association was almost twice higher in males than in females (men OR = 3.8, 95% CI 1.4, 10.6; women OR = 2.1, 95% CI: 1.4, 3.3). On the other hand, depressive elderly had higher odds of consuming a low-quality diet (OR 2.4, 95% CI: 1.7, 3.8). Limitations: Self-reported data and crosssectional design limit our conclusions.Conclusions
The choice of a low-quality diet was associated to a higher risk of depressive symptoms in elderly, and vice-versa. These results highlight the importance of encouraging the choice of healthy food habits, especially in depressed elderly, in order to promote healthy aging.5.
Ivana Sekol 《Child & youth care forum》2016,45(3):409-431
Background
To date, no study examined possible contributions of environmental factors to bullying and victimization in adolescent residential care facilities.Objective
By testing one part of the Multifactor Model of Bullying in Secure Setting (MMBSS; Ireland in Int J Adolesc Med Health 24(1):63–68, 2012), this research examined the way the physical and social residential environment relates to bullying and victimization in adolescent residential care.Method
Young people aged 11–21 (N = 272) from ten residential institutions in Croatia completed: (a) an anonymous self-reported bullying questionnaire; (b) the social residential environment questionnaire; and (c) the physical residential environment questionnaire.Results
The results demonstrated that both bullies and victims reported having significantly lower levels of perceived peer support than other residents. Male bullies also reported significantly lower levels of their overall wellbeing within their facilities and were significantly more likely than non-bullies to perceive their facilities as having problems with cleanliness and food. Male victims were significantly younger than non-victims. Female victims reported lower levels of their overall wellbeing than non-victims as well as poorer relationship with staff.Conclusion
The results are discussed with reference to the relevant prison and school-based bullying literature and directions for future research are provided. Overall, the findings of this study are consistent with the part of the MMBSS (Ireland 2012) examined and provide initial support for the notion that the special nature of the physical and social residential environment may be important in explaining bullying in care.6.
Background
Relationship education (RE), often employed for adults, has become increasingly available for teenagers. However, non-romantic relationships are rarely assessed as a potential outcome domain influenced by RE.Objective
Informed by life course theory and the ecological systems perspective, this study examines the influence of RE on both dating and parent–adolescent relationships, and the associations between such changes.Methods
Using a one-sample, non-controlled design, we conducted repeated measures analysis of covariance, and hierarchical linear regression analyses to examine the influence of RE participation on 3658 ethnically diverse adolescents’ knowledge and use of healthy skills in their parent–adolescent and dating relationships and whether these changes are linked.Results
Results indicate significant and positive influences on participants’ knowledge and use of healthy relationship skills in their parent–adolescent and dating relationships. Further, results indicate that change in the current dating relationship is associated with concurrent change in the parent–adolescent relationship.Conclusion
The results of this study provide preliminary evidence for a spillover effect of relationship education efforts, which are traditionally focused on the youth dating relationships, to parent–adolescent relationship dynamics. Future research considering multiple domains of RE outcomes for youth is warranted and future RE development and implementation may consider integrating parents to maximize program outcomes.7.
Background
Body dissatisfaction is common among both females and males. Dissatisfaction with the body is a risk factor both for onset of eating disorders and for abuse of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS). Few studies have however investigated if there are other similarities in respect to self-image or psychiatric symptoms between clinical samples of eating disordered males and males in treatment for negative effects of AAS use.Aim
The aim of this study was to compare two clinical samples, one of males with ED and one of males who used AAS, regarding self-image and psychiatric symptoms.Methods
This study compared males with eating disorders (n?=?13) and males who recently stopped AAS use (n?=?29) on self-image and psychiatric symptoms, using The Structural Analysis of Social Behavior self-questionnaire and a shortened version of The Symptom Check List.Results
The eating disorder group reported significantly lower scores for Self-emancipation and Active self-love and higher scores for Self-blame and Self-hate. Both groups reported serious psychiatric symptoms. The common denominator between groups was serious psychiatric symptomatology rather than negative self-image.Conclusions
The negative self-image profile, especially self-hate, found among males with Eating Disorders may indicate that the studied groups differ in aetiology of the underlying problems. The serious psychiatric symptoms in both groups call staff to pay attention to any thoughts of suicide due to severe depressive symptoms where by specialized psychiatric treatment may be needed.8.
Background
Delinquency research argues that youth religion and spirituality are associated with desistence. The therapeutic alliance has been shown to be partially responsible for the influence of religiosity in therapeutic services. Asceticism within religious doctrine coupled with Social Bonding Theory, suggests perhaps existential and secular bonds may be a desistence mechanism or a mitigating factor against crimes like sexual abuse that violate religious or spiritual norms. Nevertheless, research has yet to integrate these concepts and test them among a sample of youth who commit sexual crimes.Objective
The present study proposes three hypotheses that use Ascetical and Social Bonding Theory as guiding theoretical frameworks to test the association between religiosity and criminal profiles and the associations between therapeutic alliance and self-reported religious importance.Method
The cross-sectional study draws from original data collected from 332 incarcerated youth adjudicated for a sexual crime. Using validated and researcher-composed instruments and including relevant covariates, we used spearman’s rho correlations and multiple linear regression to test the relationships between criminal profiles, therapeutic alliance, and religiosity.Results
The results indicated that the reported importance of religion prior to arrest is inversely associated with non-sexual criminality, but is not related to severity of sexual offense. Further, there were significant increases in pre-arrest and post-arrest religious importance. The therapeutic alliance predicted post-arrest religious importance. Implications for research and clinical practice are discussed.Conclusions
This study showcases the relationships between religious importance and general delinquent offending and how the therapeutic alliance is associated with religious importance. The findings align with tenants of Social Bonding Theory. These findings have implications for advancing research on religiosity and improving practice approaches for youth with sexual behavior problems.9.
Marieke de Greef Bryce D. McLeod Ron H. J. Scholte Marc J. M. H. Delsing Huub M. Pijnenburg Marion J. C. van Hattum 《Child & youth care forum》2018,47(6):881-895
Background
Home-based parenting support within youth care services is one of the key interventions provided to families encountering difficulties with child rearing and child development. However, knowledge on factors contributing to positive outcomes of home-based parenting support is limited.Objective
The current study investigated the predictive value of (1) early parent-professional alliance and (2) change in alliance during care for outcomes of home-based parenting support.Method
Multi-informant self-report alliance and outcome data from 146 parents (Mage?=?40.00, SD?=?7.10; range 19–57 years) and their professionals collected early and late in care were analyzed using latent growth curve modeling.Results
Findings demonstrated that higher levels of early parent-reported alliance predicted higher levels of parent-reported satisfaction with care, and improved parent functioning. Higher levels of early professional-reported alliance predicted higher levels of parent- and professional-reported satisfaction, and improved parent functioning. Increases in professional-reported alliance during care predicted higher levels of professional-reported satisfaction and parent functioning but were not related to parent-reported outcomes. Change in parent-reported alliance was not related to outcomes.Conclusions
Together, our findings suggest that a strong parent-professional alliance represents a key process factor in realizing positive outcomes of home-based parenting support. Consequently, efforts in research and practice are needed to investigate precursors of strong alliances and to optimize professionals’ ability to develop and maintain strong parent-professional alliances.10.
Anita L. Hansen G. Ambroziak D. Thornton L. Dahl B. Grung 《The journal of nutrition, health & aging》2018,22(4):513-518
Objectives
To investigate the effect of a long-term fatty fish intervention on a pure cognitive mechanism important for self-regulation and mental health, i.e. working memory (WM), controlling for age and IQ.Design
A randomized controlled trial.Setting
A forensic facility.Participants
Eighty-four young to middle aged male forensic inpatients with psychiatric disorders.Intervention
Consumption of farmed salmon or control meal (meat) three times a week during 23 weeks.Measurement
Performance on WM tasks, both accuracy and mean reaction time, were recorded pre and post intervention.Results
Performance on a cognitive functioning tasks taxing WM seemed to be explained by age and IQ.Conclusion
Fatty fish consumption did not improve WM performance in a group of young to middle aged adults with mental health problems, as less impressionable factors such as aging and intelligence seemed to be the key components. The present study improves the knowledge concerning the interaction among nutrition, health and the aging process.11.
Background
Temperament has been associated with child anxiety in a number of studies; however, research examining possible mechanisms of effect using longitudinal designs is scarce.Objective
This study tested a theoretically-derived model of anxiety development spanning infancy (6 months) to early childhood (approximately 72 months) that includes temperamental reactivity (i.e., behavioral inhibition), temperamental self-regulation (i.e., effortful control), and gender.Methods
Data used in this study were collected in phase I and phase II from 1226 children and their caregivers by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development for their prospective, longitudinal Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development. Structural equation modeling procedures were used to test whether effortful control mediated the relation between behavioral inhibition and anxiety and whether such mediation varied by gender.Results
Results provided support for the model, suggesting that one mechanism linking the modest association between behavioral inhibition in infancy to anxiety symptoms in early childhood is through diminished effortful control. Further, moderated mediation analyses indicated that this mechanism was apparent only for girls.Conclusions
Modulation of temperamental reactivity via effortful control may be a protective factor in the translation of early behavioral inhibition to childhood anxiety for girls.12.
Objectives
The aim of the current study was to examine the influence of socioeconomic status (SES) on physiological (lipid profile, obesity indices) and behavioral (dietary habits, physical activity) cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among primary schoolchildren in Istanbul.Design
Cross sectional study.Setting
One private school and two public schools from different SES districts in Istanbul.Participants
510 randomly selected children aged 12 and 13 years old (257 boys, 253 girls).Results
The prevalence of overweight (15.2%) and the energy intake (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05 for boys and girls respectively) were found to be higher for the middle/ high SES group for both genders. Regarding biochemical indices, middle/ high SES children had higher values of High Density Lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05 for boys and girls respectively) and lower values of TC/HDL-C ratio and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001 for boys and girls respectively). This could be attributed to the higher physical activity levels observed for middle/ high SES children (p < 0.001).Conclusion
The findings of the current study revealed a coexistence of both overweight and higher energy intake in middle/ high SES children, as well as a coexistence of underweight and lower physical activity levels in low SES children. These observations should guide the public health policy in developing appropriate intervention strategies to efficiently tackle these health and social issues early in life.13.
Lingli Liu Xianglong Xu Huan Zeng Yong Zhang Zumin Shi Fan Zhang Xianqing Cao Yao Jie Xie Cesar Reis Yong Zhao 《Environmental health and preventive medicine》2017,22(1):64
Objective
This study aimed to assess the association between exposure to the Great Chinese Famine (1959–1961) during early life and hypertension in adulthood.Methods
From July to September 2009, 1224 eligible adults were recruited in a cross-sectional survey using a multi-stage stratified random sampling method in Chongqing China. A questionnaire was used to collect information of hypertension and sociodemographic factors. Participants were categorized as childhood, fetal, and none exposure to famine based on the date of birth.Results
Of the sample, 12.3% reported having hypertension. The prevalence of hypertension varied by famine status: 11.9% in childhood exposure, 16.1% in fetal exposure, and 10.2% in non-exposure group. After adjusting for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, compared with non-exposure group, fetal exposure group had an increased likelihood of having hypertension with odds ratio of 1.79 (95%CI 1.13-2.84). Although there was no significant gender and famine interaction, the positive association between famine exposure and hypertension was stronger among women than men.Conclusion
Fetal exposure to the Chinese famine may be associated with an increased risk of arthritis in adulthood in women.14.
Christina Dahl 《Pr?vention und Gesundheitsf?rderung》2018,13(2):131-137
Background
Changes in our working environment result in increased mental demands and make it necessary to consider ways to prevent negative consequences such as stress and burnout.Objectives
The aim of this paper is to discuss the preventive benefit of self-care regarding increased mental demands in current working environments.Materials and methods
Initially, current changes in the working environment and their possible consequences for health are depicted. The idea of “self-care” is presented. In order to illustrate the benefit of self-care, a study is presented that deals with the promotion of self-care in social workers.Results
The findings suggest that the practice of self-care seems to have a preventive effect. Self-care helps to prevent work-related strain and to promote mental health. The analyses revealed a reduction of perceived stress and exhaustion among social workers, after attending a self-care seminar. Varied positive changes reported by the participants concerning their self-care, their experience of stress and their well-being, strengthen the results.Conclusions
The present findings lead to a plea for more self-care. The appeal for more responsibility of the individual does not exempt employers from their responsibility to create healthy working conditions. But—when it comes to our health and well-being—primarily the individual should take care of him-/herself.15.
Objective
To examine relationships between work-based cultural activities and mental employee health in working Swedes.Hypothesis
A positive relationship between frequent cultural activity at work and good employee health was expected.Research design
Random sample of working Swedish men and women in three waves, 2006, 2008 and 2010, on average 60 % participation rate.Methods
A postal questionnaire with questions about cultural activities organised for employees and about emotional exhaustion (Maslach) and depressive symptoms (short form of SCL). Employee assessments of “non-listening manager” and work environment (“psychological demands” and “decision latitude”) as well as socioeconomic variables were covariates. Cross-sectional analyses for each study year as well as prospective analyses for 2006–2008 and 2008–2010 were performed.Main outcome and results
Lower frequency of cultural activities at work during the period of high unemployment. The effects of relationships with emotional exhaustion were more significant than those with depressive symptoms. The associations were attenuated when adjustments were made for manager function (does your manager listen?) and demand/control. Associations were more pronounced during the period with low unemployment and high cultural activity at work (2008). In a prospective analysis, cultural activity at work in 2008 had an independent statistically significant “protective” effect on emotional exhaustion in 2010. No corresponding such association was found between 2006 and 2008.Conclusions
Cultural activities at work vary according to business cycle and have a statistical association with mental employee health, particularly with emotional exhaustion.Implications for future research
There are particularly pronounced statistical protective effects of frequent cultural activity at work on likelihood of emotional exhaustion among employees.16.
Daxing Wu L. Feng Q. Gao J. L. Li K. S. Rajendran J. C. M. Wong E. H. Kua Tze-Pin Ng 《The journal of nutrition, health & aging》2016,20(4):404-407
Objective
Our aim of this study was to investigate the association between fish consumption and depressive symptoms in senior ethnic Chinese residents of Singapore.Design
A population-based crosssectional study.Setting
The Singapore Longitudinal Aging Studies (SLAS).Participant
The study consisted of 2,034 participants from the Singapore Longitudinal Aging Studies (SLAS) project who were at least 55 years old.Measurements
The presence of depressive symptoms was compared between those who self-reported eating fish at least three times a week versus those who ate fish less often. A score of 5 or greater on the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) was the cutoff for being designated as having depressive symptoms.Results
Fish intake was associated with a lower prevalence of depressive symptoms ([odds ratio] OR = 0.60, 95% [confidence interval] CI 0.40–0.90; P =.015) after controlling for age, sex, marital status, housing, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical exercise, social and productive activities, self-rated health, hypertension, diabetes, heart failure or attack, stroke, fruit and vegetable intake, and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores.Conclusion
Our results suggest that eating fish at least three times a week is associated with a lower odds of having depressive symptoms among Chinese adults over 55 years old living in Singapore.17.
Ana Xavier José Pinto-Gouveia Marina Cunha Alexandra Dinis 《Child & youth care forum》2017,46(6):841-856
Background
Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a serious and alarming phenomenon during adolescence. There is a need for understanding the intrapersonal variables that might contribute to the maintenance of these self-injurious behaviors.Objective
This study aims to concurrently compare intrapersonal variables between adolescents with and without a lifetime history of NSSI, and to longitudinally test whether NSSI over lifetime history predicts 6-months NSSI through self-criticism and depressive symptoms among Portuguese adolescents with a self-reported history of NSSI.Methods
Adolescents (N = 418, 12–19 years-old) from middle and secondary schools completed self-report questionnaires to assess self-criticism (particularly, the most severe form: hated self), depressive symptoms, and the frequency of NSSI in two points in time over the 6-months interval.Results
Adolescents who reported a lifetime history of NSSI tend to experience greater harsh and persecutory criticism towards themselves and elevated depressive symptoms than adolescents without a history of NSSI. Results from path analysis showed that lifetime NSSI predicts subsequent NSSI, and this association is mediated by self-hatred and depressive symptoms among adolescents with lifetime NSSI.Conclusions
Findings suggest that NSSI is maintained through a sense of self-focused on hatred and disgust feelings and depressive symptoms.18.
Erica Rausch Sarah J. Racz Tara M. Augenstein Lauren Keeley Melanie F. Lipton Sebastian Szollos James Riffle Daniel Moriarity Rachelle Kromash Andres De Los Reyes 《Child & youth care forum》2017,46(5):661-683
Background
Among adolescents, depressive symptoms commonly co-occur with social anxiety, with social anxiety often developmentally preceding depressive symptoms. Thus, evidence-based assessments of adolescent social anxiety should be augmented with assessments of depressive symptoms using measures that can be administered across developmental transitions (e.g., adolescence into adulthood).Objective
The widely used self-report measure, Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), was designed to assess depressive symptoms among adolescents and adults. Yet, scarce work exists on the psychometric properties of BDI-II self-reports among adolescents, and we know of no prior study that tested the properties of BDI-II parent reports.Method
We examined the BDI-II within a mixed clinical/community sample of 89 adolescents and their parents, who each provided BDI-II reports about the adolescent. Further, adolescents completed self-reports and parents provided reports of adolescents on measures of adolescent trait social anxiety and other associated features of adolescent depressive symptoms (e.g., parent–adolescent conflict; attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms). Adolescents self-reported their state arousal within a 20-min mock social interaction period.Results
Parent–adolescent dyads displayed low-to-moderate correspondence between their BDI-II reports. Further, adolescents’ and parents’ BDI-II reports related to measures of associated features of adolescent depressive symptoms, and established cut scores on the BDI-II significantly distinguished adolescents on these same features. Adolescents’ BDI-II reports predicted adolescents’ self-reported arousal within social interactions and distinguished adolescents on referral status.Conclusions
Adolescents and parents can provide psychometrically sound reports on the BDI-II. These findings have important implications for evidence-based assessments of adolescent depressive symptoms, when clinically assessing adolescent social anxiety.19.
Bianca Raffaelli Nicole Strache Caroline Parchetka Eric Artiges Tobias Banaschewski Arun Bokde Uli Bromberg Christian Buechel Anna Cattrell Patricia Conrod Herta Flor Vincent Frouin Hugh Garavan Angela Heinrich Andreas Heinz Bernd Ittermann Sarah Jurk Herve Lemaitre Jean-Luc Martinot Eva Mennigen Marie-Laure Paillère Martinot Dimitri Papadopoulos Tomáš Paus Luise Poustka Michael N. Smolka Nora C. Vetter Henrik Walter Rob Whelan Gunter Schumann Juergen Gallinat 《Zeitschrift fur Gesundheitswissenschaften》2016,24(5):365-374
Aim
Stressful life events and individual stress experience are important risk factors for the development of physical and mental disorders. One of the modulating factors determining interindividual differences in stress experience is the person’s gender. In the current study, we investigated sex-related differences in the frequency and perception of stressful life events during adolescence, a period characterized by particularly high stress levels.Subject and methods
We examined 1,657 14-year-old adolescents who were recruited as part of the IMAGEN study, a European multicenter research project on mental well-being of young people. For the detection of stressful life events, we used the Life Events Questionnaire, a highly valid instrument for testing common stressful events during adolescence.Results
Although boys and girls did not differ significantly regarding the total amount of stressful life events, girls reported more stressful events in the familial and body-related areas, whereas boys experienced more conflicts with superiors and independence-marking events. As regards valence, girls reported greater psychological distress compared to boys; however, in all significant results, the effect sizes were only small to moderate.Conclusion
While previous research highlighted severe stressors in adult samples, we investigated for the first time adolescents with a broader scope of stressful events. The observed differences in the stress experience may contribute to explain the sex-dependent variations in the incidence of stress-related disorders.20.
Soafara Andrianome René De Seze Anne Braun Brahim Selmaoui 《Zeitschrift fur Gesundheitswissenschaften》2018,26(4):461-473