O-ClcNAc修饰在谷氨酰胺诱导内毒素休克大鼠心肌组织HSP70表达中的作用

目的 探讨O位-N-乙酰葡糖胺(O-GlcNAc)修饰在谷氨酰胺诱导内毒素休克大鼠心肌组织热休克蛋白70(HSP70)表达中的作用.方法 健康雄性SD大鼠32只,随机分为4组(n=8),正常对照组(C组)仅静脉输注乳酸钠林格氏液;LPS组、G+LPS组和A+G+LPS组均静脉注射LPS10 mg/kg,G+LPS组给予LPS前1 h静脉注射谷氨酰胺0.75 g/kg,A+G+LPS组给予LPS前1h依次静脉注射谷氨酰胺0.75 g/kg和O-位-N-乙酰葡萄糖胺糖基转移酶抑制剂四氧嘧啶50 mg/kg.注射LPS后6 h处死大鼠,取心肌组织,测定O-GlcNAc和HSP70的表达水平.结果 与C比较,其他各组心肌O-GlcNAc和HSP70的表达水平均上调(P＜0.05);与LPS组比较,G+LPS组心肌O-GlcNAc和HSP70的表达水平上调(P＜0.05);与G+LPS组比较,A+G+LPS组心肌O-GlcNAc和HSP70的表达水平下调(P＜0.05).结论 O-GlcNAc修饰参与了谷氨酰胺诱导内毒素休克大鼠心肌HSP70表达上调.     

热休克蛋白70表达对未成熟心肌和心肌间质的保护作用

目的 观察热休克蛋白70(HSP70)对未成熟心肌和心肌间质的保护作用.方法 健康新生长耳大白兔30只随机分为5组.对照组:腹腔注射生理盐水0.4 ml 24 h后取离体心脏,建立Langendorff离体心脏灌注模型;E4h、E12h、E24h、E48h组,腹腔注射去甲肾上腺素,4、12、24、48 h后分别取离体心脏,方法同对照组.测定心肌细胞中HSPT0含量、血流动力学指标、心肌含水量(MWC)、心肌肌酸激酶(CK)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)漏出率、三磷酸腺苷(ATP)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和丙二醛(MDA)含量、心肌组织羟脯氨酸(HP)含量、内皮素(ET)含量、心肌细胞内Ca2+含量、心肌线粒体Ca2+-ATPase活性及其Ca2+含量、心肌线粒体合成ATP能力[ATP]m,心肌超微结构.结果 E24h组与其他各组比较,HSPT0含量明显增高(P＜0.01),MWC(72.48±1.36)低于其他各组(P＜0.05),ATP含量(11.64±1.87)、SOD活性(235.83±12.30)、心肌线粒体Ca2+-AT-Pase活性(18.46±1.95)、[ATP]m(106.26±9.42),HP含量(6.45±1.53)优于其他各组(P＜0.01),MDA含量(1.17±0.12)、CK(57.38±4.75),LDH漏出率(37.28±3.26)、心肌细胞内Ca2+含量(2.54±0.34)、心肌线粒体Ca2+含量(38.37±3.61)、ET含量(76.84±10.37)低于其他各组(P＜0.01),心肌超微结构损伤较其他各组明显减轻.结论 腹腔注射去甲肾上腺素24 h后可诱导未成熟心肌HSP70高表达,一定量的HSP70表达可明显减轻未成熟心肌和心肌间质的缺血再灌注损伤.     

谷氨酰胺诱导热休克蛋白70表达对高氧肺损伤的干预效果

目的观察谷氨酰胺诱导大鼠肺组织表达热休克蛋白70(HSP70)的作用及HSP70对高氧肺损伤的保护作用。方法健康清洁级雄性Wistar大鼠18只(体重252~286g),随机均分为谷氨酰胺组(G组)和对照组(C组):G组以0.75g/kg谷氨酰胺行腹腔注射,每天注射1次,连续3d;C组大鼠每天腹腔注射同等容积的生理盐水。于注射后第4天每组各取3只大鼠的肺组织,用免疫印迹法(Western blotting)检测HSP70表达,其余12只大鼠全部放入高氧环境(氧浓度95%)中继续喂养,观察在高氧环境下第6天两组大鼠肺组织形态学改变。结果注射谷氨酰胺后第4天,G组大鼠肺组织HSP70蛋白表达水平明显升高,其灰度值为20.34±2.26;C组HSP70蛋白表达水平较低,其灰度值为1.82±0.67,G组明显高于C组(P<0.05)。G组第6天肺部炎症表现为肺泡内极少量红细胞渗出;而C组病理改变为肺泡大小不等,肺泡腔变大,肺泡壁变薄,有肺大泡形成,肺泡内有出血和炎症细胞浸润。结论大鼠腹腔注射谷氨酰胺可明显增加肺组织HSP70表达,HSP70可减轻高氧肺损伤时肺组织炎性改变。     

热休克蛋白70对大鼠离体心脏细胞凋亡的影响

目的 观察热休克蛋白70(HSP70)对离体大鼠供心心肌细胞凋亡相关蛋白bcl-2、bax表达的影响.方法 Wistar大鼠18只,分为2组:对照组(C,n=9),腹腔注射生理盐水0.5 ml,24 h后取离体心脏灌注HTK心脏保护液,4 ℃保存3 h后建立Langendorff离体心脏灌注模型,灌注KH液2 h;实验组(E,n=9)腹腔注射重酒石酸去甲肾上腺素(溶于生理盐水中)3.1 μmol/kg(0.53 mg/kg),腹腔注射24 h后取离体心脏,处理方法旧C组.运用免疫组织化学SP法测定心肌HSP70含量、bcl-2、bax蛋白的含量并做统计学处理比较.结果 HSPT0含量E组(17.78±1.82)较C组(5.22±1.05)明显增高(P＜0.01),bel-2的表达E组(41.88±5.09)较C组(31.36±3.27)明显增多(P＜0.01),bax的表达E组(22.61±3.49)较C组(40.52±4.17)明显减少(P＜0.01),bel-2/bax比值E组(1.86±0.11)较C组(0.77±0.01)明显增高(P＜0.05).结论 心肌HSP70高表达能促进心肌抗凋亡蛋白bcl-2的表达,减少促凋亡蛋白bax表达,增加bel-2/bax比率,抑制心肌细胞凋亡.     

Evaluation of heat shock protein 70 expression in renal parenchyma subjected to shockwave lithotripsy

PURPOSE: In this experimental study in a rabbit model, renal parenchymal heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) levels were assessed in an attempt to evaluate the traumatic effects of high-energy shockwaves (HESW), which have been found to induce transient ischemia during the procedure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighteen white New Zealand rabbits, each weighing 3 to 5 kg, were included in the study. The animals were divided into three groups, and various numbers of shockwaves (1000, 1500, or 2000) were applied to the same kidney of all animals under fluoroscopic localization with a Stonelith V5 lithotripter. Untreated contralateral kidneys were evaluated as controls. Following HESW application, the treated and untreated kidneys were removed surgically after 24 hours or 7 days. Tissue hsp70 levels were assessed by an immunohistochemistry method. RESULTS: During early follow-up (24 hours), both treated and untreated kidneys demonstrated moderate to severe hsp70 positivity. The number of positive tubules increased as the number of shockwaves increased, and positivity became more evident, possibly because of a higher degree of tissue damage. Contralateral kidneys demonstrated a limited degree of hsp70 positivity, although it was not as evident as in the treated kidneys. Assessment of tissue hsp70 levels during late follow-up (7 days) demonstrated moderate or limited degrees of positivity in the treated kidneys. Limited or no positivity could be demonstrated in the untreated kidneys during this period. CONCLUSIONS: Taking the known traumatic effects of HESW and the results of this study into account, the increasing positivity of hsp70 in parallel with the increasing number of shockwaves led us to think about a possible limited degree of ischemia induced by this procedure, as the traumatic effects of HESW were pronounced, as judged by tissue hsp70 positivity.     

丙酮酸乙酯调节脓毒症小鼠肝细胞HSP70表达的研究

目的研究丙酮酸乙酯（EP）对脓毒症小鼠肝细胞热休克蛋白70（HSPT0）的调节作用。方法制作小鼠盲肠结扎穿孔模型（CLP），应用丙酮酸乙酯林格氏液（REPS）与乳酸钠林格氏液（RLS）对小鼠进行液体复苏，60只小鼠分3组，各20只：假手术组、CLP模型＋REPS复苏组、CLP模型＋RLS复苏组，检测肝组织丙二醛（MDA）及肝细胞HSP70的表达。结果脓毒症小鼠较假手术组MDA浓度增高，P〈0．01。EP显著提高脓毒症小鼠肝组织的抗氧化能力，REPS组肝组织MDA浓度低于RLS组【（48．18±598）μmol／g．prot vs（78．34±11．16）μmol／gprot，P〈0．01]；REPS组小鼠肝细胞HSPT0表达较RLS组增高[（28．76±5．69）vs（20．04±4．93），P〈0．051。HSP70表达与MDA值呈负相关（r=-0．733，P〈0．01）。结论EP具有的抗氧化作用能提高脓毒症小鼠肝细胞的HSPT0表达。     

Immunolocalization of heat shock protein 70 in bovine spermatozoa

Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) is part of a superfamily of molecular chaperones, which protect cells from chemical and heat shock. The objectives of this study were to determine the presence of HSP70 in bovine spermatozoa and its subcellular localization during different stages of spermatogenesis. Analysis of sperm proteins by Western blotting using a monoclonal antibody to the inducible form of HSP70 revealed a single immunoreactive band with an estimated molecular weight of 70 kDa in samples from 18 of 18 bulls. Using immunofluorescence microscopy and the same antibody, HSP70 was localized to the cytoplasm of prophase spermatocytes and elongating spermatids, to cytoplasmic droplets of caput epididymal spermatozoa, and to cytoplasmic droplets, acrosome, post-acrosomal region and middle piece of corpus and cauda epididymal spermatozoa. The pattern of distribution changed in freshly ejaculated spermatozoa as HSP70 was detected on the acrosome only. During capacitation and acrosome reaction, HSP70 was once again redistributed, and was localized to the equatorial segment, post-acrosomal region and middle piece. Thus, HSP70 is present in the spermatozoa of mature bulls and redistribution of the protein occurs during capacitation and the acrosome reaction.     

O-GlcNAc修饰在谷氨酰胺诱导LPS干预的大鼠心肌细胞HSP70表达中的作用

目的 探讨O位-N-乙酰葡萄糖胺(O-GlcNAc)修饰在谷氨酰胺(Gln)诱导LPS干预的大鼠心肌细胞热休克蛋白70(HSP70)表达中的作用.方法 出生48 h的SD大鼠,原代培养心肌细胞,随机分为6组,每组11瓶(1×106个,瓶):对照组(C组)加入双蒸水25 μl;Gln组加入Gln,终浓度5 mmol/L;LPS组加入LPS,终浓度4 μg/ml;Gin+LPS组依次加入Gln和LPS,Gin终浓度5 mmol/L,LPS 终浓度4 μg/ml;Gln+LPS+Alloxan组依次加入Gln、LPS和O位-N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖转移酶抑制剂Alloxan,Gln和LPS终浓度与Gln+LPS组相同,Alloxan终浓度1 mmol/L;Gln+LPS+PUGNAc组依次加入Gln、LPS和O位-N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂PUGNAc,Gln和LPS终浓度与Gln+LPS组相同,PUGNAc终浓度100 μmol/L.各组孵育6 h后测定心肌细胞存活率、O-GlcNAc和HSP70的表达水平.结果 各组大鼠心肌细胞存活率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与C组比较,其余组心肌细胞0.GlcNAc和HSP70的表达上调(P<0.05);与LPS组比较,Gln+LPS组和Gln+LPS+PUGNAc组心肌细胞O-GlcNAc和HSP70的表达上调(P<0.05);与Gln+LPS组比较,Gin+LPS+Alloxan组心肌细胞0-GlcNAc和HSP70的表达下调,Gln+LPS+PUGNAc组心肌细胞O-GlcNAc和HSP70的表达上调(P<0.05).结论 Gln诱导LPS干预大鼠心肌细胞HSPT0表达上调的机制可能与O-GlcNAc修饰有关.     

缺血后处理对大鼠肾缺血再灌注损伤的热休克蛋白表达的影响

如何减轻肾脏缺血再灌注损伤是目前肾脏移植外科的研究热点之一.缺血后处理是指在缺血发生后,长时间的再灌注之前,对脏器进行数次短暂的再灌注和(或)缺血循环处理方法.     

静脉复合胸段硬膜外阻滞对兔心肌梗死后c-fos和HSP70基因表达的影响

目的：研究静脉复合胸段硬膜外阻滞对兔心肌梗死后非梗死区域内c-fos和HSP70基因mRNA的表达，方法：28只健康新西兰大白兔，随机分成两组，每组各14只，实验组兔于气管切开插管静脉复合胸段硬膜外阻滞下开胸结扎左冠状动脉前降支，4h后取非梗死区域的心肌一块，用Trizol-异丙醇－氯仿法抽提总RNA；甲醛凝胶电泳确认RNA未降解后用紫外分光光度计测OD值，比率和浓度，取0．7μg总RNA，用一步法RT－PCR测定c-fos基因和HSP70基因相对于内参基因β－actin的表达，对照组不作TEA，其余处理与实验组相同。结果：实验组兔非梗死心肌内c-fos和HSP70基因相对于β-actin基因的表达明显低于对照组（P＜0．01），结论：静脉复合胸段硬膜外阻滞相对于单纯静脉全麻可降低兔心肌梗死后非梗死区域心肌内c-fos和HSP70基因的表达。     

Induction of heat shock protein 70 inhibits NF-kappa-B in squamous cell carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between heat shock proteins (HSPs) and the proinflammatory, anti-apoptosis mediator NF-kappa-B in squamous cell carcinoma. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: CA-9-22 cells were exposed to heat stress to induce the production of HSPs. Immunoblot and reporter gene experiments determined the inducibility of HSP production and the activation of cytokine-induced NF-kappa-B. Immunoblot experiments determined the presence of the inhibitor-kappa-B-alpha (IkappaB alpha). RESULTS: CA-9-22 cells can be induced by heat stress to produce HSPs at 100-fold above baseline levels. The induction of HSPs prevents the activation and nuclear translocation of NF-kappa-B despite stimulation with IL-1beta and TNF-alpha. CONCLUSIONS: Constitutive activation of NF-kappa-B is prevented by HSP induction through an increase in IkappaB alpha synthesis. SIGNIFICANCE: The induction of HSP70 alters the inflammatory milieu associated with squamous cell carcinoma progression through the inhibition of NF-kappa-B and may ultimately promote apoptosis in head and neck carcinoma.     

Induction of heat shock protein 70 inhibits ischemic renal injury

Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) is a potent antiapoptotic agent. Here, we tested whether it directly regulates renal cell survival and organ function in a model of transient renal ischemia using Hsp70 knockout, heterozygous, and wild-type mice. The kidney cortical Hsp70 content inversely correlated with tubular injury, apoptosis, and organ dysfunction after injury. In knockout mice, ischemia caused changes in the activity of Akt and glycogen synthase kinase 3-β (kinases that regulate the proapoptotic protein Bax), increased active Bax, and activated the proapoptotic protease caspase 3. As these changes were significantly reduced in the wild-type mice, we tested whether Hsp70 influences ischemia-induced apoptosis. An Hsp70 inducer, geranylgeranylacetone, increased Hsp70 expression in heterozygous and wild-type mice, and reduced both ischemic tubular injury and organ dysfunction. When administered after ischemia, this inducer also decreased tubular injury and organ failure in wild-type mice but did not protect the knockout mice. ATP depletion in vitro caused greater mitochondrial Bax accumulation and death in primary proximal tubule cells harvested from knockout compared with wild-type mice and altered serine phosphorylation of a Bax peptide at the Akt-specific target site. In contrast, lentiviral-mediated Hsp70 repletion decreased mitochondrial Bax accumulation and rescued Hsp70 knockout cells from death. Thus, increasing Hsp70 either before or after ischemic injury preserves renal function by attenuating acute kidney injury.     

大鼠心肌组织中热休克蛋白70水平与NO、NO合酶表达以及心肌细胞凋亡的关系

目的 探讨离体大鼠心肌组织中热休克蛋白70(HSP70)水平与NO、NO合酶(NOS)表达以及心肌细胞凋亡的关系.方法 将Wistar大鼠分为2组,实验组腹腔注射重酒石酸去甲肾上腺素,24 h后取离体心脏,灌注Histidine-trytophan-ketoglurate(HTK)液,置于4℃HTK液中保存3 h,然后以Krebs-Henseleit(K-H)液行Langendorff灌流2 h;对照组腹腔注射蒸馏水0.5 ml,24 h后取离体心脏,冷保存和Langendorff灌流同实验组.灌流结束后,取心肌组织,测定其HSP70、NO和NOS的含量以及心肌细胞凋亡指数.结果 实验组心肌组织中HSP70、NO和NOS的含量分别为(17.8±1.8)%、(8.7±1.7)μmol/g组织和(0.91±0.18)IU/mg组织,均明显高于对照组(P<0.01),而心肌细胞凋亡指数为(5.6±1.0)%,明显低于对照组(P<0.01).HSP70含量与细胞凋亡指数呈负相关(r=-0.946,P<0.01),与NO含量(r=0.087,P<0.01)和NOS含量(r=0.953,P<0.01)呈正相关.结论 心肌组织中HSP70与NO和NOS的表达呈正相关,而与心肌细胞的凋亡呈负相关,促进HSP70的表达可能有利于抑制心肌细胞凋亡.     

Gene transfer of heat shock protein 70 protects lung grafts from ischemia-reperfusion injury.

BACKGROUND: We recently demonstrated that heat stress induction of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in donor animals before harvest decreases posttransplant ischemia-reperfusion injury in preserved rat lung isografts. The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of HSP70 gene transfection into rat lung isografts using an adenoviral vector, and to study the effects of gene expression on subsequent ischemia-reperfusion injury. METHODS: In preliminary studies to determine the optimal titer, animals were injected with various titers of adenovirus-HSP70 (saline, 5 x 10(9), 1 x 10(10), and 2 x 10(10) plaque forming units [pfu]) and sacrificed 5 days after injection. To determine the optimal exposure time, animals were sacrificed at different times (0, 6, 24, and 72 hours) after intravenous injection of adenovirus-HSP70. In a subsequent series of transplant experiments, donors were allocated to three groups according to transfection strategy. Group 1 (n = 8) donors received 5 x 10(9) pfu adenovirus-HSP70 intravenously, group 2 (n = 7) donors received 5 x 10(9) pfu adenovirus-beta-galactosidase (as a virus control), and group 3 (n = 7) donors received saline and served as a negative control. Twenty-four hours after treatment all grafts were harvested and stored for 18 hours before orthotopic left lung transplantation. Twenty-four hours after implantation animals were sacrificed for assessment. The expression of HSP70 was assessed by Western blot analysis. RESULTS: In preliminary studies, HSP70 was detectable even at low titers (5 x 10(9) pfu) of adenovirus-HSP70, and was detectable at low levels as early as 6 hours after intravenous administration. Heat shock protein 70 expression was maximal at 24 hours. In transplant experiments, Western blot analysis showed that overexpression of HSP70 occurred in the HSP70-transfected lungs. The mean arterial oxygenation 24 hours after reperfusion in group 1 was superior in comparison with other groups (p < 0.05). Wet to dry weight ratio (p < 0.05) and myeloperoxidase activity (p < 0.05) were also significantly less in group 1 grafts compared with the other groups. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that in vivo, donor adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of HSP70 decreases subsequent ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat lung isografts.     

谷氨酰胺对人肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞热休克蛋白70表达的影响

目的评价谷氨酰胺对人肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞系A549细胞热休克蛋白（HSP）70表达的影响。方法取人肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞系A549细胞,在不含谷氨酰胺的DMEM培养液中孵育24h作为空白对照组（C组）,43℃孵育1h、37℃恢复4h作为阳性对照组（PC组）,不同浓度（2、4、8、12和16 mmol/L）谷氨酰胺的DMEM培养液中孵育24h作为不同浓度谷氨酰胺诱导组（Gln2组、Gln4组、Gln8组、Gln（12）组和Gln（16）组）,8mmol/L谷氨酰胺的DMEM培养液中孵育不同时间（1、2、6、12、24和48 h）作为不同时间谷氨酰胺诱导组（T1组、T2组、T3组、T4组、T5组和T6组）。分别采用RT-PCR和Western blot法检测HSP70 mRNA和蛋白的表达。结果与C组比较,PC组和不同浓度谷氨酰胺诱导组人肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞系A549细胞HSPTO mRNA和蛋白的表达均升高,Gln8组HSP70 mRNA和蛋白表达水平高于Gln2组、Gln4组、Gln（12）组和Gln（16）组（P＜0．01）,而与PC组相比差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。与C组比较,PC组和不同时间谷氨酰胺诱导组HSP70 mRNA和蛋白的表达均升高,T5组HSP70 mRNA和蛋白表达水平高于T1组、T2组、T3组、T4组和T5组（P＜0．01）,而与PC组相比差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。结论谷氨酰胺可明显上调体外培养人肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞系A549细胞HSP70 mRNA和蛋白的表达,并呈浓度和时间依赖性。     

Mild electrical stimulation with heat stimulation increase heat shock protein 70 in articular chondrocyte

The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of mild electrical stimulation (MES) and heat stress (HS) on heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), that protects chondrocytes and enhances cartilage matrix metabolism, in chondrocyte and articular cartilage. Rabbit articular chondrocytes were treated with MES and/or HS. The safeness was assessed by LDH assay and morphology. HSP70 protein, ubiquitinated proteins and HSP70 mRNA were examined by Western blotting and real‐time PCR. Rat knee joints were treated with MES and/or HS. HSP70 protein, ubiquitinated proteins, HSP70 mRNA and proteoglycan core protein (PG) mRNA in articular cartilage were investigated. In vitro, HS increased HSP70 mRNA and HSP70 protein. MES augmented ubiquitinated protein and HSP70 protein, but not HSP70 mRNA. MES + HS raised HSP70 mRNA and ubiquitinated protein, and significantly increased HSP70 protein. In vivo, HS and MES + HS treatment augmented HSP70 mRNA. HS modestly augmented HSP70 protein. MES + HS significantly increased HSP70 protein and ubiquitinated proteins. PG mRNA was markedly raised by MES + HS. This study demonstrated that MES, in combination with HS, increases HSP70 protein in chondrocytes and articular cartilage, and promotes cartilage matrix metabolism in articular cartilage. MES in combination with HS can be a novel physical therapy for osteoarthritis by inducing HSP70 in articular cartilage. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31: 894–900, 2013