人工听骨在鼓室成形术中的应用

目的评价人工听骨在鼓室成形手术中的应用效果。方法对解放军总医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科2004年9月至2006年4月施行的中耳炎手术中，接受人工听骨部分赝复物——多孔聚乙烯听骨赝复物（Partialossicularreplacementprostheses，PORP，美国美敦力公司）植入进行听骨链重建的患者42例进行随访。对随访半年以上、资料完整的38例（38耳）进行回顾性总结，应用SPSS统计软件进行疗效分析。计算语言频率（0．5，1，2kHz）气导平均听力及气骨导差，比较不同手术方式和PORP植入方式对疗效的影响。结果38耳鼓膜修补后1个月复查均愈合良好，但术后3个月时发现2例听骨脱出（均为术中人工听骨表面未置软骨片者）。38耳术前气导听力33．75～68．5dBHL，平均为（56．82±13．64）dB；骨导听力0～47．5dB，平均为（20．217±12．099）dB；术后气导听力平均为（34．23±15．04）dB，与术前相比t=3．682，P〈0．01。术前气骨导差（ABG）16．25～62．5dB，平均（36．625＋12．189）dB，其中21-30dB的9耳，〉30dB的24耳。术后ABG平均为（21．064±12．243）dB，与术前相比较，t=5．552，P〈0．01。其中术后ABG差≤20dB的19耳，20～30dB的9耳，〉30dB的8耳。术后ABG≤20dB者及ABG较术前缩小15dB者（术后听力提高有效）共28耳，总有效率为76-3％。结论PORP是一种可在听骨链重建中推广的人工听骨材料，术后取得良好的听力效果，但应注意避免术后听骨脱出。     

钛质人工听骨在一期鼓室成形术中的应用

目的研究钛质人工听骨植入在一期鼓室成形术中的疗效。方法对3 1例用钛质人工听骨行一期鼓室成形术的患者,随访3-6个月。通过计算术前术后纯音测听得出气骨导阈值的平均值,比较手术后气导的恢复情况和手术前后的气骨导差。结果 3 1例患者术后鼓膜愈合良好,未见人工听骨排异反应,及听骨脱出,有1例在术后2个月时发生感染。31耳术前气导听力30.00~88.75dB,平均为(59.27±15.67)dB,术后气导平均听力为(43.10±14.64)dB,与术前相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术前骨导听力为10.00~43.75dB,平均为(23.06±9.18)dB,术后骨导平均听力为(22.82±7.49)dB,与术前相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术前气骨导差(ABG)为11.25~62..5dB,平均为(36.21±11.88)dB,术后ABG平均为(19.40±12.92)dB,二者比较,差异有统计学意义(p<0.05)。术后ABG≤20dB且ABG较术前缩小15dB为听力提高有效,共有13耳,有效率为41.94%(13/31)。结论钛质人工听骨植入在一期鼓室成形术中可以取得满意的听力效果,术后并发症少,排除率低,在有听骨链破坏行Ⅰ期鼓室成形术中值得推广应用。     

47例外-内置法鼓室成形术临床结果分析

在临床工作中，鼓膜大穿孔，尤其是穿孔周缘大块硬化斑块或者外耳道狭窄的鼓膜穿孔并不少见，对于此类鼓膜穿孔的处理也颇为棘手。我科2005-12—2007-07采取外一内置法行Ⅰ型鼓膜修补术，取得良好效果。     

开放式鼓室成形术听力重建效果的分析

目的比较自体骨及钛金属两种听力重建材料在开放式鼓室成形术后的听力改善状况。方法对2007年10月～2010年5月接受开放式鼓室成形术的21例(21耳)进行回顾性分析,根据听骨链重建材料分为自体骨组和金属钛组,听力统计以0.5,1,2,4 kHz的平均气骨导差值计算。结果自体骨组术后平均气骨导差和术前比较无明显统计学差异,金属钛组术后平均气骨导差较术前缩小(27.5±7.25)dB,两组比较差异有统计学意义。结论在开放式鼓室成形术中,使用金属钛重建听力链的听力改善较自体骨好。     

听骨链成形术及材料选择

1概念自Wullstein和Zollner提出了鼓室成形术(Tympanoplasty)的基本原则后,耳外科手术朝着功能恢复的方向发展。以听骨链重建(Ossicular chain reconstruction,OCR)为中心的鼓室成形术分成五类:①三块听小骨都存在并可以正常运动,术中无需OCR;②将鼓膜移植到未损伤的砧骨和镫骨     

鼓室硬化患者的纯音听阈特点

目的探讨鼓室硬化患者的纯音听阈特点及其对听骨链状态的判断价值。方法对确诊的56耳鼓室硬化病例(其中Ⅰ型11耳,Ⅱ型21耳,Ⅲ型14耳,Ⅳ型10耳)进行纯音测听,并将测听结果与术中所见听骨链情况对比。结果 56耳气导纯音听阈35～65dB HL,I型气骨导差(ABG)20.60±6.33dB;II型ABG 35.70±8.43dB;III型ABG 41.33±8.87dB;IV型ABG 39.23±9.75dB。ABG≥30dB者51耳,<30dB者5耳;Ⅰ型之外的所有病例ABG≥30dB;34耳的听力图出现类Carchart切迹改变,其中Ⅱ型12耳,Ⅲ型14耳,Ⅳ型8耳。结论鼓室硬化导致气导纯音听阈下降,ABG可以帮助术前判断听骨链状态,ABG≥30dB提示听骨链破坏或固定。     

鼓室硬化听骨链病变对患者听力的影响

目的:探讨鼓室硬化听骨链病变对患者听力的影响。方法:回顾性分析115例鼓室硬化患者,按听骨链状况分成3组,听骨链完整活动度好组(A组)、听骨链完整固定组(B组)及听骨链中断组(C组),分析比较3组的听力学特点。结果:平均气导听阈(PTA)及1、2、4kHz气导听阈在A、B、C组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);气骨导差(ABG)在A、B组与C组之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),A、B组间ABG比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.01);A、B组0.5、1.0kHz与2.0、4.0kHz气导听阈差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),而C组0.5、1.0kHz与2.0、4.0kHz气导听阈差异无统计学意义(P>0.01);平均骨导值及1、2、4kHz骨导值在A组与B、C组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),而在B、C组之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.01);Carchart切迹出现率很低(10/115,8.7%),且在3组出现的概率相等(P>0.01)。结论:PTA≥(54.31±13.19)dB HL出现听骨链固定,PTA≥(63.90±20.29)dB HL出现听骨链中断;ABG≥(33.23±8.49)可以判断听骨链中断;上升型气导曲线预示听骨链可能连续尚处于固定状态,而平坦型气导曲线预示听骨链可能中断。     

钛人工听骨在Ⅰ期鼓室成形术中的临床疗效分析

目的观察钛人工听骨在慢性中耳炎患者进行Ⅰ期听力重建鼓室成形术中的应用情况,为钛人工听骨的临床使用提供参考。方法以2008年9月至2010年6月在南昌大学第一附属医院耳鼻咽喉-头颈外科住院手术的慢性中耳炎患者为研究对象,回顾性分析299例(耳)使用钛人工听骨进行I期听力重建鼓室成形术的疗效,对患者进行纯音听力检查,比较术前和术后气骨导差的变化。手术方法均为开放式鼓室成形术,视上鼓室外侧壁(桥)保留与否和植入人工听骨类型的不同,将术后听力结果随访完整的112例病例分为三组:组一:留桥鼓室成形术,植入PORP;组二:断桥鼓室成形术,植入PORP;组三:断桥鼓室成形术,植入TORP。结果 :术后随访3月至1年,术后气骨导差≤20dB者共43例,其中植入部分人工听骨(PORP)42例,植入全人工听骨(TORP)1例。组一与组二比较,术后气骨导差无统计学意义,但各组之间术前与术后气骨导差改善均有统计学意义,植入PORP组比植入TORP组术后气骨导差改善更明显,且有统计学意义。所有病例无胆脂瘤复发,3例人工听骨排出。结论手术方式与术后听力改善无关,植入的方式与术后听力改善有关。     

采用钛质人工听骨行听骨链重建27例临床分析

目的 探讨听骨链受破坏或缺损的情况下,采用钛质人工听骨进行听骨链重建的效果.方法 对27例中耳病变患者施行鼓室成形术,采用钛质人工听骨置换缺损的听骨链进行听骨链重建.结果 赝复膜生长形态完整,活动好,血管纹理丰富,平均听力提高,再穿孔2例见钛质人工听骨裸露.结论 听骨链缺损后采用钛质人工听骨植入能有效的提高患者的实用听...     

钛人工听骨应用于开放式鼓室成形术的近期疗效

目的探讨在开放式鼓室成形术中应用钛人工听骨的近期效果。方法回顾性分析2008年1月～2010年12月期间在开放式鼓室成形术中采用钛人工听骨进行听力重建的41例(41耳)患者的临床资料,其中采用部分听骨赝复物(PORP)31例,全部听骨赝复物(TORP)10例,比较手术前及手术后6个月0.5、1.0、2.0和4.0kHz气导平均听阈及气骨导差。结果 41耳术前0.5～4kHz平均气导听阈为56.32±6.53dB HL,术后为41.28±7.62dB HL,较术前降低15.04dB,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术前平均气骨导差(ABG)为30.01±6.11dB,术后为15.47±5.41dB,较术前缩小14.54dB,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中34耳术后ABG小于20dB,听力重建总成功率达82.93%(34/41)。所有手术耳术后均干耳。结论钛人工听骨应用于开放式鼓室成形术听力重建效果好,是适合于鼓室成形术中应用的理想人工听骨。     

Titanium ossicular chain reconstruction in single stage canal wall down tympanoplasty for chronic otitis media with mucosa defect

Purpose

To evaluate surgical outcomes for chronic otitis media with mucosa defect underwent titanium ossicular chain reconstruction (OCR) in single stage canal wall down tympanoplasty (CWD).

乳突切开术并一期听骨链重建的临床疗效分析

目的：评估乳突切开术并一期行听骨链重建的临床疗效。方法：对2008-01～2011-06期间在我科住院行乳突切开术并一期钛人工听骨植入手术并且有完整随访资料的患者139例进行回顾分析,其中置入部分听骨赝复物（PORP）者91例,置入全听骨赝复物（TORP）者48例,随访时间为2～5年,纯音测听法（PTA）检测患者术前及术后听力,比较手术前后的气导听阈（0．5、1．0、2．0、4．0kHz四个频率气导之平均值）及气骨导差（ABG）,分析钛人工听骨在同期听骨链重建术的听力重建效果。术后ABG≤20dB为听力提高有效。结果：PORP植入患者术前气导平均听阈为（53．97±11．32）dB,术后为（36．80土11．68）dB,平均降低（17．17±5．79）dB;术前ABG平均为（31．84±6．17）dB,术后为（15．13±7．22）dB,平均缩小（16．71±5．50）dB;TORP组患者术前气导平均听阈为（58．05±11．35）dB,术后为（44．53±13．15）dB,平均降低（13．52±7．81）dB;术前ABG平均为（35．67±5．73）dB,术后为（21．48±7．01）dB,平均缩小（14．18±7．53）dB;各组术前术后的差异均有统计学意义（P〈O．01）。PORP组术后ABG≤20dB者（术后听力提高有效）共68例,有效率为74．73％;TORP组术后ABG≤20dB者共26例,有效率为54．13％;总有效率为68．63％,两组之间的差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。结论：乳突切开术并同期钛人工听骨植入取得了良好的听力效果,PORP比TORP的听力改善效果好。     

经典Wullstein Ⅲ型鼓室成形术在慢性化脓性中耳炎手术中的应用分析

目的：探讨经典Wullstein Ⅲ型鼓室成形术在慢性化脓性中耳炎手术中的适应证及其术后听力效果。方法回顾性分析行开放式Ⅲ型鼓室成形术的患者34例（34耳）,患者均有听骨链破坏而镫骨结构完整,鼓膜内陷与镫骨头或砧骨豆状突直接连接,根据术中是否植入钛合金部分人工听骨（partial ossicular replacement prosthesis,PORP）分为两组, Wullstein Ⅲ型鼓室成形术（Ⅲ型组）11例和植入钛合金部分人工听骨（PORP组）23例。分别比较两组术后0.5、1、2和4 kHz的平均气导听阈、平均气骨导差的变化情况。结果Ⅲ型组患者术前平均气导听阈为46.59±16.60 dB HL,术后为34.89±10.34 dB HL,气导听阈提高11.70±19.30 dB HL;PORP组术前平均气导听阈为44.23±12.31 dB HL,术后为37.08±14.36 dB HL,提高7.14±14.39 dB HL;Ⅲ型组术前平均气骨导差（air-bone gap,ABG）为23.98±13.08 dB HL,术后为16.25±6.98 dB HL,缩小7.73±14.93 dB HL;PORP型组术前平均ABG为26.58±10.27 dB HL,术后为19.40±13.28 dB HL,缩小7.17±13.63 dB HL。两组患者在气导听阈提高值及ABG缩小的差异均无显著统计学意义（P＆gt;0.05）。结论开放式鼓室成形术中,如果鼓膜内陷与镫骨头或砧骨豆状突形成连接,可以予以保留,短期随访术后听力水平与植入PORP重建听骨链的效果相当,长期效果还需随访观察。     

Over-under tympanoplasty

OBJECTIVE: Common techniques of tympanic membrane repair include underlay and overlay grafting. The over-under tympanoplasty, an innovative method for tympanic membrane repair, will be described as a reliable alternative that has advantages over traditional procedures. STUDY DESIGN: This study was a retrospective case review. SETTING: Tertiary referral center with hospital-setting surgery and outpatient ambulatory patient visits. PATIENTS: One hundred twenty patients who underwent over-under tympanoplasty were included in this study. Average follow-up was 1.8 years. INTERVENTION: Over-under tympanoplasty is performed by placing the graft over the malleus and under the annulus. This technique was used for patients undergoing ear surgery for chronic otitis media, perforations, cholesteatoma, and/or conductive hearing loss. All degrees of ear pathology were included. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Main outcome measures were graft success (no perforation, atelectasis, or lateralization within 6 mo) and improvement of hearing. Patients were stratified by severity of disease (according to the Middle Ear Risk Index), cholesteatoma presence, and type of mastoidectomy. RESULTS: All 120 patients had successful grafts. Lateralization of the grafted drum did not occur. Seventeen patients had late atelectasis, and 12 patients had late perforations; nearly all of these were noted more than 1 year after surgery and were attributed to persistent eustachian tube dysfunction or infections. Average improvement in air-bone gap for all patients was 5.3 dB, whereas speech reception threshold improved by 5.9 dB. CONCLUSION: Over-under tympanoplasty has an excellent success rate while being technically easier than lateral tympanoplasty. Thus, it is a useful method for practitioners of all levels.     

Ossiculoplasty with intact stapes: analysis of hearing results according to the middle ear risk index

Conclusions. In ossiculoplasty with intact stapes, using autologous incus, cortex bone chips and plastipore partial ossicular reconstruction prostheses, improvement in hearing was nearly equal. In patients who had mild risk scores, the incus had better gain values compared with patients who had severe scores. Objective. We aimed to prove the utility of the middle ear risk index score and its predictive value in hearing outcome. We also evaluated hearing results for different reconstruction materials. Patients and methods. This was a retrospective chart review of 189 patients who had ossiculoplasty with intact stapes using autologous incus, cortex bone chips and plastipore partial ossicular reconstruction prostheses. Hearing outcomes and the average improvement in hearing with different reconstruction materials were analysed by using middle ear risk index scores. Results. The average hearing improvements for incus, cortex and partial ossicular reconstruction prostheses were 12.77±14.58 (p<0.001), 12.34±15.98 (p=0.005) and 14.10±13.87 dB (p<0.001), respectively. The postoperative air–bone gap levels were 20.42±14.54 dB in incus, 17.33±16.86 dB in cortex and 17.59±11.66 dB in partial ossicular reconstruction prostheses. When the preoperative middle ear risk index scores and postoperative air–bone gap and gain values were compared, in the incus group, statistically significant associations were demonstrated between scores and hearing outcomes (p=0.009).     

鼓室成形术332耳分析

对１９８５～１９９５年间所作的３３２耳（２８６例）鼓室成形术进行了总结，分析了病变类型、手术方法、修复组织的选择和治疗效果，认为外耳道带蒂皮瓣加自体颞筋膜法修补完全性大穿孔，既解决了移植膜固定的困难，又保证了能尽快地建立了血液循环，且无钝角愈合，成功率高。听骨链鼓室成形的手术方法主要取决于听骨链受损程度和手术者的习惯，其效果与患者术前的咽鼓管功能、鼓室内病变程度、听骨链动度、两窗的功能及术前听力损失程度和性质有显著关系。强调听力的提高与移植组织的种类无明显关系，自体移植材料在目前为最好的，可作为首选。     

Total and partial ossiculoplasty in children: Audiological results and predictive factors

ObjectiveTo assess ossiculoplasty results in children and screen for predictive factors of efficacy.Patients and methodsSeventy five children undergoing ossiculoplasty between 2001 and 2014 in a pediatric ENT department were included. The following data were collected and analyzed: demographic data, surgical indication, history of tympanoplasty, contralateral ear status (healthy, affected), preoperative hearing thresholds, surgical technique, intraoperative findings, and ossicular chain status at eardrum opening. Audiological results were reported according to American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery guidelines.ResultsForty eight patients were included in the total ossicular reconstruction prosthesis (TORP) group. Mean age at surgery was 9.9 years. Mean follow up was 2.7 years. Mean air-bone gap (ABG) closure to within 20 dB was achieved in 40% of cases at medium term (12 to 18 months after surgery). Air conduction (AC) threshold ≤ 30 dB was achieved in 68% of cases. AC threshold improved by 14.6 dB and 8.7 dB at medium and long-term follow-up, respectively. A significant correlation was found between success rate and absence of history of tympanoplasty. The success rate was higher for primary than for revision procedures. Twenty seven children were included in the partial ossicular reconstruction prosthesis (PORP) group. Mean age was 9.5 years, and mean follow-up 2.6 years. Mean air-bone gap (ABG) closure to within 20 dB was achieved in 75% of cases at medium term. AC threshold ≤ 30 dB was achieved in 75% of cases AC threshold improved by 9.3 dB and 5 dB at medium and long-term follow-up, respectively. No predictive factors for success were found in the PORP group.ConclusionThe present study suggested that total ossiculoplasty leads to better results when performed in first-line. It also confirmed that functional outcome is better in partial than total ossicular reconstruction prosthesis.     

123例不同术式乳突根治术后患者听力情况初步分析

目的 通过对施行乳突根治不同术式的123例患者术后听力情况进行分析,探讨手术方式对听力的影响.方法 123例中耳炎患者中28例行单纯开放式乳突根治术,40例行开放式乳突根治并Ⅰ期鼓室成形,35例行闭合式乳突根治并鼓室成形,20例行保留低位骨桥式乳突根治并鼓室成形.所有患者术后3个月复测听力并与术前进行比较.结果 单纯开放式乳突根治术患者听力均无提高,开放式乳突根治并鼓室成形术患者听力有提高,闭合式乳突根治并鼓室成形术患者听力均提高,保留低位骨桥式乳突根治术患者听力改善介于开放式并鼓室成形及闭合式并鼓室成形二种术式之间.结论 闭合式乳突根治术在4种术式中随访听力提高最理想     

Audiometric evaluation after stapedotomy with Fisch titanium prosthesis

Otosclerosis causes the fixation of the stapes and conductive hearing loss, usually corrected with the use of hearing aids or through stapedotomy and the replacement of the involved stapes with a prosthesis. Titanium has been the most recently used material of choice in stapedotomy prostheses. Only two prostheses are commercially available in Brazil. There are no reports in the literature on the Fisch-type Storz titanium stapes piston prosthesis.ObjectiveThis retrospective study aims to look into the auditory outcomes of patients submitted to stapedotomy and titanium stapes piston prosthesis implantation.MethodThe criteria described by the American Academy of Otolaryngology were used to compare pre and postoperative air-bone gaps seen in audiometry tests.ResultsThe mean low-frequency postoperative air-bone gap was 12.9 dB; the mean high-frequency air-bone gap was 5.2 dB (mean 9.1 dB); median gap was 8.8 dB, with a minimum of 1.3 dB and a maximum of 21.6 dB; standard deviation was 5.7 dB, and p < 0.001. Twenty-five (75.8%) patients had air-bone gaps of 10 dB and under; 32 (96.9%) patients had gaps of 20 dB and under; and all patients had gaps of 30 dB and under.ConclusionThe Fisch-type titanium stapes piston prosthesis presented outcomes consistent with the literature and can be used safely in stapedotomy procedures.