激素受体和HER-2及Ki-67预测乳腺癌新辅助化疗疗效价值的分析

目的:探讨乳腺癌组织中雌激素受体(ER)、孕激素受体(PR)、人表皮生长因子受体2(HER-2)及Ki-67的表达状态对新辅助化疗反应的预测作用以及化疗前后其表达差异对疗效的影响。方法:免疫组织化学方法检测新辅助化疗前后118例乳腺癌组织的ER、PR、HER-2及Ki-67的表达情况,并分析其与新辅助化疗疗效的关系。结果:118例新辅助化疗乳腺癌病例中,ER-和PR-组pCR分别为26.1%和27.1%,明显高于ER+组11.1%和PR+组6.8%,P=0.003。HER-2和Ki-67的表达对新辅助化疗疗效无显著影响。新辅助化疗前ER、PR与Ki-67的表达呈明显负相关,P<0.001;新辅助化疗后Ki-67的高表达病例数显著减少,P=0.001。结论:ER-/PR-的患者对新辅助化疗更为敏感,Ki-67在化疗后发生了显著下调,提示新辅助化疗能降低肿瘤的增殖活性。ER、PR及Ki-67可以作为新辅助化疗疗效的预测指标。     

新辅助化疗对局部晚期乳腺癌组织中雌激素受体孕激素受体和人表皮生长因子受体2表达的影响

目的探讨新辅助化疗对晚期乳腺癌组织中雌激素受体(ER)、孕激素受体(PR)和人表皮生长因子受体2(HER-2)表达的影响。方法收集ⅡB^ⅢB期的局部晚期乳腺癌患者48例,应用免疫组化方法检测ER、PR和HER-2的表达后,给予表阿霉素(EPI)加多西紫杉醇(DOX)方案进行新辅助化疗,3个疗程后行根治手术,将术后标本中ER、PR和HER-2的表达与化疗前表达情况进行对照,分析新辅助化疗对免疫表达的影响。结果新辅助化疗前ER阳性表达率为33.3%,化疗后ER阳性表达率为52.1%;化疗前PR阳性表达率为35.4%,化疗后PR阳性表达率为50.0%。ER和PR阴性表达的患者在新辅助化疗后转为阳性表达的比例高于化疗前阳性转为阴性的比例,但差异没有统计学意义(P>0.05)。新辅助化疗前HER-2阳性表达率为62.5%,化疗后HER-2阳性表达率为52.1%,新辅助化疗后阳性转阴率略高于阴性转阳率,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论新辅助化疗能使部分乳腺癌组织中ER、PR和HER-2的表达发生改变,为乳腺癌的治疗提供了一定的依据。     

乳腺癌生物标记物表达水平对新辅助化疗疗效的预测价值

目的探讨乳腺癌生物标记物雌激素受体(ER)、人类表皮生长因子受体-2(HER-2)、P53和Ki67的表达与新辅助化疗疗效之间的关系。方法对2007年10月至2009年9月在北京大学第一医院乳腺疾病中心接受4～6个周期紫杉类联合蒽环类方案新辅助化疗的165例乳腺癌患者资料进行回顾性分析。用免疫组织化学方法检测新辅助化疗前肿瘤病灶ER、HER-2、P53和Ki67的表达情况,用术后病理评价新辅助化疗疗效,病理学反应级别为G4、G5则认为化疗有效。用四格表资料的χ2检验法分析上述指标与新辅助化疗疗效之间的关系。结果 165例患者中56.4%(93/165)新辅助化疗有效。ER阳性者有效率为43.5%(20/46),ER阴性者有效为61.3%(73/119),两组之间差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.31,P=0.04);HER-2过表达者有效率为72.0%(36/50),低表达者为49.6%(57/115),二者差异有统计学意义(χ2=7.13,P=0.01);P53阳性者有效率为66.7%(30/45),阴性者为53.4%(47/88),两组间差异无统计学意义(χ2=2.15,P=0.14);Ki67过表达者化疗有效率为62.4%(68/109),低表达者为44.0%(22/50),两组间差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.72,P=0.03)。结论 ER阴性、HER-2及Ki67过表达者对紫杉联合蒽环方案的新辅助化疗更敏感,ER、HER-2及Ki67表达情况对新辅助化疗疗效有预测作用。     

新辅助化疗对乳腺癌疗效和雌激素受体孕激素受体Ki-67和人表皮生长因子受体2表达的影响分析

目的了解新辅助化疗（NAC）在局部进展期乳腺癌治疗前后ER、PR、Ki-67及HER-2的变化,探讨其与新辅助化疗疗效之间的相关关系。方法 46例接受新辅助化疗的乳腺癌患者纳入研究,分析患者术前弹射式空芯针穿刺活检标本和术后大标本癌组织ER、PR、Ki-67和HER-2表达的变化。患者化疗前行乳腺肿瘤粗针穿刺活检并免疫组化方法检测肿瘤组织ER、PR、Ki-67和HER-2的表达。化疗后评估疗效并对接受手术的患者的手术标本通过同法检测各指标的表达。结果新辅助化疗前后ER、PR、Ki-67和HER-2的表达均发生了改变,新辅助化疗前ER、PR、Ki-67和HER-2阳性表达的肿瘤组织新辅助化疗后下调（ER：82.6%和80.4%;PR：78.3%和71.7%;Ki-67：39.1%和30.4%;HER-2：28.3%和26.1%）,但没有统计学意义（P〉0.05）。ER、PR、Ki-67和HER-2阳性表达疗效有效率与阴性表达有效率分别为ER：68.4%和50.0%;PR：66.7%和60.0%;Ki-67：77.8%和57.1%;HER-2：53.8%和69.7%。ER、PR、Ki-67、HER-2表达状态与化疗效果均无明显的关系（均P〉0.05）。结论新辅助化疗可以改变ER、PR、Ki-67和HER-2的表达,本临床研究未发现ER、PR、Ki-67和HER-2的变化与局部进展期乳腺癌的新辅助化疗疗效有相关关系。     

局部进展期乳腺癌新辅助化疗前后生物标志物表达变化与疗效的相关性

目的：探讨局部进展期乳腺癌行新辅助化疗前后相关生物标志物的表达变化情况与化疗疗效的相关性。方法：采用免疫组化方法检测102例新辅助化疗前后局部进展期乳腺癌组织中雌激素受体（ER）、孕激素受体（PR）、人类表皮生长因子受体－2（HER －2）、p53和增殖细胞核抗原（Ki －67）等表达,分析化疗前后生物标志物表达变化与化疗疗效的相关性。结果：ER 阴性组、PR 阴性组、Ki －67高表达组的新辅助化疗有效率分别为50．0％、49．1％、51．4％,高于 ER 阳性组26．0％、PR 阳性组25．5％、Ki －67低表达组9．4％（P ＜0．05）。Logistic 多因素回归分析显示,ER、Ki －67的表达水平是评估化疗疗效的独立因素（P ＜0．05）。Luminal 型乳腺癌总生存期高于 non －Luminal 型（Long －rank 检验,P ＜0．05）。结论：ER、Ki －67、分子亚型可作为局部进展期乳腺癌新辅助化疗疗效判断的重要预测指标。     

激素受体和HER-2及Ki-67预NSL腺癌新辅助化疗疗效价值的分析

目的：探讨乳腺癌组织中雌激素受体（ER）、孕激素受体（PR）、人表皮生长因子受体2（HER-2）及Ki-67的表达状态对新辅助化疗反应的预测作用以及化疗前后其表达差异对疗效的影响。方法：免疫组织化学方法检测新辅助化疗前后118例乳腺癌组织的ER、PR、HER-2及Ki-67的表达情况,并分析其与新辅助化疗疗效的关系。结果：118例新辅助化疗乳腺癌病例中,ER-和PR-组pCR分别为26．1％和27．1％,明显高于ER＋组11．1％和PR＋组6．8％,P-0．003。HER-2和Ki-67的表达对新辅助化疗疗效无显著影响。新辅助化疗前ER、PR与Ki-67的表达呈明显负相关,P〈0．001;新辅助化疗后Ki-67的高表达病例数显著减少,P-0．001。结论：ER-／PR-的患者对新辅助化疗更为敏感,Ki-67在化疗后发生了显著下调,提示新辅助化疗能降低肿瘤的增殖活性。ER、PR及Ki-67可以作为新辅助化疗疗效的预测指标。     

Ki67在乳腺癌中的表达水平及其对新辅助化疗患者预后的评估价值

目的研究Ki67表达水平对乳腺癌新辅助化疗后患者预后的评估价值。方法调取行乳腺癌新辅助化疗的120例患者的临床资料,并对其临床病理指标、Ki67的表达及预后进行回顾性分析。结果乳腺癌患者的病理有效率与月经状态、病理组织学类型、雌激素受体状态无关,与原发肿瘤大小、淋巴结转移情况有关(P<0.01)。新辅助化疗后患者的Ki67阳性表达率与化疗前相比显著降低(P<0.01);在病理有效率方面,化疗前Ki67高表达组经新辅助化疗后有效率明显高于Ki67低表达组,差异具有统计学意义(χ~2=19.00,P<0.01);Ki67表达化疗前后明显下降组的病理有效率明显高于轻度下降组病理有效率,差异具有统计学意义(χ~2=89.68,P<0.01)。结论 Ki67呈高表达状态时提示乳腺癌患者新辅助化疗效果良好,同时其表达变化也可对患者的病情进行有效的评估。     

影响年轻乳腺癌患者新辅助化疗后病理完全缓解与预后的因素分析

目的 探讨影响年轻乳腺癌患者新辅助化疗后病理完全缓解(pCR)与预后的因素。方法 回顾性分析行新辅助化疗的145例年轻乳腺癌患者临床资料,分析影响年轻乳腺癌患者新辅助化疗后pCR与预后的因素。结果 145例年轻乳腺癌患者新辅助化疗后pCR率为34.48%。ER阳性、PR阳性、临床N分期、Ki67阳性、化疗方案与pCR有关(P<0.05),HER-2、化疗周期、分子分型、临床T分期与pCR无关(P>0.05);多因素分析显示,Ki67阳性、临床N分期是影响年轻乳腺癌患者新辅助化疗后pCR的独立因素(P<0.05且OR>1)。145例年轻乳腺癌患者新辅助化疗后1年复发率37.93%。ER阳性、PR阳性、临床T分期、临床N分期、pCR与新辅助化疗后预后有关(P<0.05),HER-2、Ki67、化疗方案、化疗周期、分子分型与新辅助化疗后预后无关(P>0.05);多因素分析显示,临床T分期、pCR是影响年轻乳腺癌患者新辅助化疗后预后的独立因素(P<0.05且OR>1)。结论 Ki67阳性、临床N分期是影响年轻乳腺癌患者新辅助化疗后pCR的独立因素...     

乳腺癌新辅助化疗中肿瘤标志物检测的临床意义

目的检测肿瘤标志物在新辅助化疗乳腺癌中的表达,探讨新辅助化疗患者中ER、PR、c-erbB2和Ki67的表达及临床意义.方法用免疫组织化学法检测ER、PR、c-erbB2和Ki67在89例新辅助化疗乳腺癌组织中的表达状况,分析上述指标与化疗的关系.结果新辅助化疗总有效率89.9%,其中完全缓解CR32.6%,部分缓解PR57.3%,病理完全缓解pCR17.9%,疾病稳定SD10.5%,无恶化病例.ER/PR表达与疗效有关（P〈0.05）,c-erbB2、Ki67表达与化疗疗程无关.结论激素受体阴性者对新辅助化疗的敏感性较高,新辅助化疗肿瘤标志物的检测可以为临床评价疗效判断预后提供依据.     

新辅助化疗对乳腺癌雌激素受体和HER-2的影响及意义

[目的]探讨雌激素受体（ER）和HER-2在新辅助化疗乳腺癌组织的表达及临床意义。[方法]采用免疫组织化学方法检测100例乳腺癌患者新辅助化疗前后肿瘤组织中ER及HER-2的表达,并与疗效作相关性分析。[结果]新辅助化疗总有效率79%,ER阴性表达者化疗有效率明显高于ER阳性者（P〈0.05）,HER-2表达与疗效无明显关系（P〉0.05）。化疗后ER、HER-2的表达未见显著性变化（P〉0.05）。[结论]新辅助化疗对ER、HER-2表达状态无显著影响。ER对乳腺癌新辅助化疗疗效有一定预测价值。     

Etoposide, dexamethasone, cytarabine, and cisplatin in vincristine, doxorubicin, and dexamethasone-refractory myeloma

Based on remarkable activity in refractory lymphomas, a combination of etoposide, cisplatin (both administered by 4-day continuous infusions), cytarabine (Ara-C), and dexamethasone (EDAP) was evaluated in 20 patients with advanced myeloma refractory to standard melphalan and prednisone (MP) and/or vincristine, Adriamycin (doxorubicin; Adria Laboratories, Columbus, OH), and dexamethasone (VAD) and even to high doses of melphalan (HDM) (seven patients). Forty percent of patients responded regardless of previously recognized risk factors (eg, duration of drug resistance, tumor mass, and serum lactic dehydrogenase [LDH] level). While the median survival was only 4.5 months, patients with good performance (Zubrod less than 2) and low or intermediate tumor stage survived more than 14 months compared with only 2 months for the remaining group. EDAP could be readily administered in the outpatient clinic, but neutropenic fever prompted hospital admission in 80% of patients, half of whom developed penumonia and sepsis, a fatal outcome in four patients. Severe myelosuppression was of short duration, so that subsequent cycles could be administered every 3 to 4 weeks. No serious extramedullary toxicity, including renal toxicity, was encountered. Marrow toxicity and hence infectious complications may be reduced by elimination of Ara-C without compromising treatment efficacy. We conclude that the lack of cross-resistance with VAD and even HDM makes EDAP or a similar combination an attractive regiment to be formally explored in an alternating sequence with VAD in high-risk myeloma.     

Premenopausal intakes of vitamins A, C, and E, folate, and carotenoids, and risk of breast cancer.

Intakes of vitamins A, C, and E, folate, and carotenoids have been hypothesized to reduce the risk of breast cancer. However, previous epidemiological studies on these nutrients and breast cancer risk have been inconclusive, and have included primarily postmenopausal women. We examined the intake of these nutrients in relation to breast cancer risk among 90,655 premenopausal women ages 26-46 years in 1991 in the Nurses' Health Study II. Nutrient intake was assessed with a validated food-frequency questionnaire at baseline in 1991 and in 1995. During 8 years of follow-up from 1991 to 1999, we documented 714 incident cases of invasive breast cancer. Overall, none of the vitamins and carotenoids was strongly related to a reduced risk of breast cancer. However, intake of vitamin A, including preformed vitamin A and carotenoids, was associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer among smokers; participants in the highest quintile of total vitamin A intake had a multivariate relative risk of 0.28 (95% confidence interval 0.12-0.62; P, test for trend <0.001; P, test for interaction <0.001) compared with those in the lowest quintile of intake. We found no evidence that higher intakes of vitamins C and E, and folate in early adult life reduce risk of breast cancer. However, intake of vitamin A may be related to a reduced risk of breast cancer among smokers.     

Selenium, lycopene, alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene, retinol, and subsequent bladder cancer

To examine the association between serum nutrients and the development of bladder cancer we measured selenium, alpha-tocopherol, lycopene, beta-carotene, retinol, and retinol-binding protein in serum collected from 25,802 persons in Washington County, MD, in 1974. Serum samples were kept frozen at -70 degrees C. In the subsequent 12-year period, 35 cases of bladder cancer developed among participants. Comparisons of serum levels in 1974 among cases and two matched controls for each case showed that selenium was significantly lower among cases than controls (P = 0.03), lycopene was lower among cases at a borderline level of significance (P = 0.07), and alpha-tocopherol was nonsignificantly lower (P = 0.13). For selenium there was a nearly linear increase in risk with decreasing serum levels (P = 0.03). When examined by tertiles, the odds ratio associated with the lowest tertile of selenium compared to the highest tertile was 2.06. Serum levels of retinol, retinol-binding protein, and beta-carotene were similar among cases and controls. These results support a role for selenium in the prevention of bladder cancer.