胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤:双排螺旋CT检查与诊断

目的探讨胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤的CT表现,以及双排螺旋CT对胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤的检查方法和诊断价值。方法回顾性研究2例在本院手术、并由病理确诊的胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤,分析双排螺旋CT的扫描方法和影像表现。结果双排螺旋CT采用第一期延时45s,第二期延时65s扫描,胰腺图像显示清晰;胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤表现为显著的胰管扩张和囊性病灶。结论双排螺旋CT采用合适的扫描方法对胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤的诊断起到重要的作用。     

胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤的影像学诊断进展

胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤是一种位于扩张的主胰管和(或)分支胰管内、伴大量黏液分泌的肿瘤,易与慢性胰腺炎或胰腺囊腺瘤混淆而延误诊断.本文就国内外近年来关于胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤的临床病理学及影像学研究进展进行综述,评价不同影像技术(US、CT、MRCP、ERCP)在胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤诊断中的作用.     

胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤的影像学分析

目的:探讨胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤(intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm,IPMN)的CT和磁共振成像(mag-netic resonance imaging,MRI)影像学表现。方法:回顾性分析经手术病理证实的18例胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤的影像资料与病理诊断。结果:主胰管型IPMN 3例,表现为主胰管扩张;分支胰管型IPMN 5例,表现为分叶状单发囊性病变或葡萄串样多发囊性病变伴腔内分隔;混合型IPMN 10例,表现为囊性病变伴主胰管扩张。结论:CT和MRI对胰腺IPMN的诊断具有重要价值。     

胰腺囊性肿瘤的CT诊断

目的探讨胰腺囊性肿瘤螺旋CT的表现和诊断价值。方法对28例经手术病理证实的胰腺囊性肿瘤患者的螺旋CT表现进行回顾性分析。结果 28例患者中浆液性囊腺瘤8例,CT表现多为多房囊性肿块,囊壁及分隔厚薄均匀,无壁结节;黏液性囊腺性肿瘤17例,CT表现多为单房或多房、囊壁及分隔厚薄不均,有壁结节;胰腺导管内乳头状黏液瘤2例,CT表现为多房或葡萄串样囊性肿块,与扩张的胰管相通。实性乳头状瘤1例,CT表现为边界清楚、可有包膜,囊性成分与实性成分构成比例不一,实性部分渐进性强化。结论螺旋CT平扫及增强扫描能很好地表现胰腺囊性肿瘤的结构细节,对诊断以及鉴别诊断有很高的价值。     

胰腺囊性肿瘤的多层螺旋CT表现与病理对照

目的：探讨胰腺囊性肿瘤的多层螺旋CT（MSCT）表现和诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析21例经手术病理确诊的胰腺囊性肿瘤MSCT表现，其中浆液性囊腺瘤5例，黏液性囊腺肿瘤10例，导管内乳头状黏液瘤3例，实性假乳头状瘤3例。男5例，女16例，年龄14—78岁，平均52岁。使用4层和16层螺旋CT，平扫21例，同时增强20例。结果：①浆液性囊腺瘤多表现为多房囊性肿块，囊壁及分隔厚薄均匀，无壁结节。②黏液性囊腺肿瘤表现为多房或单房、边界清楚、无壁结节或壁结节小；而黏液性囊腺癌浸润周围组织、边界不清、壁结节较大。③导管内乳头状黏液瘤为多房或葡萄串样囊性肿块，与扩张的胰管相通。④实性假乳头状瘤边界清，可有较厚包膜，囊性成分与实性成分构成比例不一，实性部分逐步强化。结论：MSCT可以展示胰腺囊性肿瘤的病理特征，对诊断与鉴别诊断有较高的价值。     

多层螺旋CT诊断胰腺囊性肿瘤的效果及胰腺囊性肿瘤的CT表现分析

目的:探究多层螺旋CT诊断胰腺囊性肿瘤的效果,分析胰腺囊性肿瘤的CT表现。方法:选取2013年7月-2016年7月于我院经手术、病理证实的46例胰腺囊性肿瘤患者资料分析,均行多层螺旋CT平扫、增强扫描,观察并分析其CT图像。结果:本组46例胰腺囊性肿瘤中,浆液性囊腺瘤12例:中心可见星芒状钙化4例,增强后强化分隔;单房囊性病变8例,增强后无病变强化。黏液性囊腺瘤8例:单房囊性病变2例,多房囊性病变6例,增强后囊壁强化。囊腺癌8例:肿瘤均为分隔多房囊性病变,其中伴肝脏转移6例,周围血管入侵2例。实性假乳头状瘤9例:实性4例,囊性32例,实囊混合性2例,其中肿瘤钙化2例,增强后实性部分静脉期强化延时,囊性未强化。导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤5例:囊性病变同于扩张胰管,病灶显壁结节。胰腺囊性转移瘤2例,胰腺癌伴囊变4例。结论:多层螺旋CT用于诊断、鉴别胰腺囊性肿瘤的价值高,可清楚显示胰腺囊性肿瘤结构细节,为临床诊治提高可参考依据。     

分支型胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤的CT诊断价值

目的总结分支型胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤(intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms,IPMNs)的CT影像学特征及良恶性鉴别要点。方法回顾性分析18例经手术组织病理证实分支型IPMNs患者的CT影像资料。结果 CT表现为胰腺实质内单囊肿块4例,多囊肿块9例,囊实性肿块5例;4例肿块内可见点状、结节状钙化,7例伴胰管轻度扩张,1例伴胆管扩张;术前CT诊断恶性或交界性肿瘤的敏感性为66.7%,特异性为91.7%,准确率为83.3%。结论分支型IMPNs的CT表现具有一定特征性,仔细分析其影像学表现,对术前良恶性鉴别有一定参考价值。     

多层螺旋CT对胰腺导管内乳头状粘液性肿瘤的诊断及鉴别

目的:探究多层螺旋CT诊断胰腺导管内乳头状粘液性肿瘤(IPMN)的价值以及鉴别诊断价值。方法:回顾性收集我院2015年3月-2018年2月收治的50例胰腺导管内乳头状粘液性肿瘤患者的临床资料,均接受多层螺旋CT扫描,总结CT扫描的诊断符合率以及影像图特征。结果:经多层螺旋CT扫描50例均诊断符合,诊断符合率100%;共检出21例主胰管型,17例分支胰管型,12例混合型;40例良性病变,10例恶性病变。结论:多层螺旋CT扫描在胰腺导管内乳头状粘液性肿瘤的诊断价值高,为临床分型、良恶性鉴别、与其他易混淆疾病鉴别提供可靠依据,利于IPMN的早期检出、早期干预治疗。     

多层螺旋CT诊断胰腺浆液囊腺瘤的价值

胰腺浆液性囊腺瘤（SCAP）是一种少见的胰腺外分泌腺肿瘤,仅占胰腺外分泌腺肿瘤的1％～2％。SCAP并非是浆液性囊腺癌的癌前病变,完全没有必要手术。SCAP与胰腺囊肿、胰腺黏液囊腺瘤、胰管内乳头状黏液瘤等的生物学特点不同,但在CT影像表现却有类似表现,容易混淆。现回顾分析经本院手术病理证实的12例SCAP患者的CT检查资料,旨在提高对该病CT表现的认识。     

胰腺囊性肿瘤的多层螺旋CT表现

目的:分析胰腺囊性肿瘤的多层螺旋CT(MSCT)表现,探讨MSCT对胰腺囊性肿瘤的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析手术病理证实的35例胰腺囊性肿瘤的MSCT表现。结果:35例胰腺囊性肿瘤中,8例浆液性囊腺瘤:2例中央可见星芒状钙化,增强后分隔强化;6例表现为单房囊性病灶,增强后病变无强化。黏液性囊腺瘤5例,2例表现为单房囊性病灶。4例呈多房分隔囊性病灶,增强后壁有强化。囊腺癌5例,肿瘤呈多房分隔囊性病灶,其中4例伴肝脏转移及1例伴邻近血管受侵征象。实性假乳头状瘤10例,3例为囊实混合性,4例以实性为主,3例以囊性为主。其中2例肿瘤有钙化。增强后实性部分静脉期延时强化;囊性部分无强化。导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤2例,囊性病变与扩张胰管相通,病灶内可见壁结节。胰腺癌伴囊变4例及胰腺囊性转移瘤1例。结论:MSCT及后处理技术能很好显示胰腺囊性肿瘤内部结构及邻近脏器、血管受累改变情况,对其诊断及确定手术方案有重要价值。     

Ultrasonographic findings and natural history of intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas

It is clear that the prevalence of malignancy is high in the main-duct type of intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasm (IPMN). Branch-duct IPMNs include several histologic conditions such as carcinoma, adenoma, and hyperplasia. Intraductal papillary adenocarcinoma and papillary adenoma are characterized by papillary protrusions and thick septum-like structures in dilated ducts as delineated by ultrasonography. A solid mass showing a mixedecho pattern in the pancreatic parenchyma is a characteristic finding of invasive types of IPMN. The international guidelines for the management of branch-duct IPMNs suggest that the appearance of symptoms attributable to the cyst, the presence of intramural nodules, a cyst size greater than 30 mm, and dilation of the main pancreatic duct (>6 mm) are indications for resection. Based on the relationship between the height of a papillary protrusion and the diameter of a cystic dilated branch as well as on histological findings, branch-duct IPMNs with papillary protrusions more than 10 mm in height as shown by imaging should be resected, and it is not adequate to differentiate carcinoma from other lesions based on the diameter of cystic branches alone. A follow-up study on branch-duct IPMNs revealed that most papillary protrusions showed a slow increase in size or development of lateral spread, and that there was no development of cancer with stromal invasion during an average follow-up of 46 months. Therefore, the presence of intramural nodules alone should not be an indication for surgery. Also, patients without papillary protrusions or thick septum-like structures are not immediate candidates for surgery. Invasive adenocarcinoma can develop at a pancreatic site different from the area of interest showing cystic changes, with such invasion possibly being multicentric. Therefore, in patients with branch-duct IPMNs, attention should be paid to the entire pancreas when performing follow-up examinations.     

Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas: correlation of helical CT and dynamic MR imaging features with pathologic findings

BACKGROUND: We assessed the imaging features of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) of the pancreas paying special attention to underlying pancreatic fibrosis on three-phase helical computed tomography (CT) and dynamic magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. METHODS: Sixteen patients with histopathologically proven IPMNs underwent three-phase helical CT and dynamic MR imaging. RESULTS: IPMNs were seen as a cluster of cyst-like structures in branch duct (n = 5) and combined types (n = 10), and as a fusiform appearance in the main duct type (n = 1). IPMN shape was most easily visualized at the portal venous dominant phase or delayed phase owing to rim-like enhancement of the dilated ducts. Pathologically mild to severe fibrosis was seen on this enhanced rim replacing the surrounding pancreatic parenchyma. Communication between the dilated branch ducts and main pancreatic duct was identified in 15 patients on helical CT and 14 patients on dynamic MR imaging. In patients with fibrosis of pancreatic parenchyma surrounding this, communication was most easily visualized at the later phase on CT and MR imaging. Adenocarcinomas were depicted as papillary projections in eight of nine patients on CT and MR imaging. Invasion of the pancreatic parenchyma was seen in five of six patients as a solid mass in the pancreatic parenchyma. These masses were most easily visualized at the arterial dominant phase on both CT and MR imaging. CONCLUSION: Three-phase helical CT and dynamic MR imaging were useful in the diagnosis of IPMN of the pancreas.     

Diagnostic performance and imaging features for predicting the malignant potential of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas: a comparison of EUS,contrast-enhanced CT and MRI

Abdominal Radiology - To compare diagnostic performance for prediction of malignant potential in IPMNs between EUS, contrast-enhanced CT and MRI. 76 patients with IPMN...     

Synchronous manifestation of colorectal cancer and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms

High rates of extrapancreatic malignancies, in particular colorectal cancer (CRC), have been detected in patients with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN). So far, there is no distinct explanation in the literature for the development of secondary or synchronous malignancies in patients with IPMN. In the past few years, some data related to common genetic alterations in IPMN and other affiliated cancers have been published. This review elucidated the association between IPMN and CRC, shedding light on the most relevant genetic alterations that may explain the possible relationship between these entities. In keeping with our findings, we suggested that once the diagnosis of IPMN is made, special consideration of CRC should be undertaken. Presently, there are no specific guidelines regarding colorectal screening programs for patients with IPMN. We recommend that patients with IPMNs are at high-risk for CRC, and a more rigorous colorectal surveillance program should be implemented.     

内镜超声检查对胰腺黏液性囊性肿瘤和导管内乳头状黏液性瘤的诊断价值

目的：评价内镜超声检查（EUS）在胰腺黏液性囊性肿瘤（MCN）和导管内乳头状黏液性瘤（IPMN）及其良恶性鉴别中的价值。方法：回顾分析1998年1月至2007年12月本院经手术病理证实为胰腺黏液性肿瘤患者的EUS影像资料，其中IPMN11例，MCN10例。比较IPMN与MCN的内镜及EUS声像图特征，探讨鉴别MCN、IPMN及其良、恶性的EUS声像图指标。结果：IPMN与MCN患者间肿瘤部位、大小、主胰管直径、十二指肠主乳头开口扩张和黏液流出、肿瘤与主胰管交通等指标的差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。肿瘤浸润性生长是判断恶性IPMN与MCN的可靠指标。恶性IPMN主胰管直径大于良性／交界性IPMN[（12．2±3．5）mm比（6．8±2．2）mm，P=-0．011]；恶性IPMN壁结节高度大于良性，交界性IPMN（6．8±1．8）mm比（2．8±1．1）mm，P=0．001]。以主胰管直径≥11．0mm为标准，诊断恶性IPMN，其灵敏度为75％，特异度为100％；以壁结节高度／〉4．3mm为标准，则灵敏度为100％，特异度为100％。恶性MCN囊壁厚度大于良性，交界性MCN[（3．4±0．8）mm比（1．6±1．0）mm，P=-0．0281，恶性MCN壁结节高度大于良性／交界性MCN[（15．9±5．2）mm比（5．0±3．7）mm，P=-0．025]。以囊壁厚度≥2．4mm为标准诊断恶性MCN，灵敏度为100％，特异度为100％；以壁结节高度≥8．9mm为标准，则灵敏度为87．5％，特异度为100％。结论：EUS可用于鉴别IPMN与MCN，并评估肿瘤的良、恶性。     

Resectability of pancreatic adenocarcinoma: assessment using multidetector-row computed tomography with multiplanar reformations

The purpose was to assess capabilities of the multidetector-row computed tomography (MDCT) with multiplanar reformations (MPR) for predicting of pancreatic adenocarcinoma resectability. Forty-eight patients deemed to have resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma after assessment using biphasic MDCT with MPRs underwent surgery for potential tumor resection. Imaging findings were retrospectively evaluated for tumor resectability and correlated with surgical and pathological results. Curative resection was successful in 44 of 48 patients. The positive predictive value for tumor resectability made up 91% with four false-negative results. The reasons for unresectability were venous involvement (1), small liver metastases (2) and peritoneal involvement associated with small metastases to lymph nodes (1). MDCT yielded a negative predictive value of 99% (286 of 288 vessels) for detection of vascular invasion. Our results indicate the tendency towards improved prediction of resectability using MDCT compared to single-detector CT.     

Imaging of acute thoracic injury: the advent of MDCT screening.

Chest radiography remains the primary screening study for the assessment of victims of chest trauma, but computed tomography (CT), particularly multidetector CT (MDCT), has progressively changed the imaging approach to these patients. MDCT acquires thinner sections with greater speed, allowing higher quality axial images and nonaxial reformations than conventional or single-detector helical CT. The speed of MDCT, both in acquiring data and in reconstructing images, makes the performance of total body surveys in the blunt polytrauma patient practicable. In general, CT has been well documented to offer major advantages over chest radiography in both screening for thoracic injuries and in characterizing such injuries. This capacity has been enhanced by the application of multichannel data acquisition. The greater sensitivity of MDCT has been well demonstrated in diagnosing vascular and diaphragmatic injuries. This article reviews current concepts of diagnostic imaging in acute chest trauma from blunt force and penetrating mechanisms emphasizing the spectrum of diagnostic imaging findings for various injuries, based primarily on radiographic and CT appearances. The advantages of MDCT for selected injuries are emphasized.     

胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤的声像图分析

目的 分析胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤的临床及声像图特点,探讨经腹超声对本病的应用价值.方法 回顾性分析12例经手术病理证实的胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤的病例资料,其中黏液腺瘤4例,黏液腺癌8例.依据病灶发生部位将其分为三种类型:主胰管型、分支胰管型和混合型,对照组织病理学结果总结其临床及声像图表现.结果 恶性者中临床症状较重,5例伴有糖尿病,2例有脂肪泻表现,4例伴有CA19-9升高,而良性者仅表现为上腹不适、腹痛等.超声显示病灶呈囊性或囊实性,良性病灶平均(1.4±0.8)cm,主胰管平均直径(1.0±0.8)cm,其中分支导管型3例(75%),主胰管型1例(25%);2例可见附壁结节,未见明确血流信号.恶性病灶平均(6.3±6.0)cm,主胰管平均直径(1.6±1.0)cm主胰管型5例(62.5%),混合型3例(37.5%),未见分支导管型;7例(7/8,87.5%)可见附壁结节,5例结节内测及较丰富的血流信号.结论 经腹超声可显示胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤的病变特点,即囊性或囊实性病灶及扩张的胰管,结合患者的临床症状及超声所显示的病灶大小、结构及血流信号等可进一步提示其良恶性.     

CT virtual pancreatoscopy: a new method for diagnosing intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) of the pancreas

Background We sought to validate computed tomographic virtual pancreatoscopy (CT-VP) created by multidetector row CT (MD-CT) in the clinical diagnosis of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) of the pancreas. Methods Five cases of pancreatic IPMNs were included in this study. A nasopancreatic drainage tube was inserted and the pancreatic duct was filled with contrast medium, after which an upper abdominal scan was performed by MD-CT. CT-VP and three-dimensional (3D) CT pancreatographic images were created using a workstation and compared with images by conventional diagnostic techniques. All cases were evaluated by endoscopic retrograde pancreatography (ERP) and three cases of main duct type were assessed by intraoperative real pancreatoscopy (RP). Results In the main duct cases, papillary projections in the main pancreatic duct and branch orifices were clearly detected by CT-VP. These lesions and structures were confirmed by intraoperative RP, and the CT-VP images were clearer than RP images. In branch cases, a surface-rendering method allowed protruding lesions to be clearly detected in the dilated branches. Conclusion Compared with conventional ERP or RP, CT-VP and 3D-CT pancreatographic images were finer in quality, and the procedures were less invasive, faster, and less expensive. The potential shown by CT-VP with 3D-CT pancreatography in the clinical diagnosis of pancreatic IPMNs suggests that this approach may replace ERP in the near future.     

Measurements of pericardial adipose tissue using contrast enhanced cardiac multidetector computed tomography—comparison with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging

Recent studies have suggested that pericardial adipose tissue (PAT) located in close vicinity to the epicardial coronary arteries may play a role in the development of coronary artery disease. PAT has primarily been measured with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) or with non-contrast cardiac multidetector computered tomography (MDCT) images. The aim of this study was to validate contrast MDCT derived measures of total PAT volume by a comparison to CMRI. In 52 patients, aged 60 years (34–81 years), Body Mass Index 28 kg/m² (18–39), and with stable ischemic heart disease, paired MDCT and CMRI scans were performed. The optimal fit for measuring PAT using contrast MDCT was developed and validated by the corresponding measures on CMRI. The median for PAT volume in patients was 175 ml (SD 68) and 153 ml (SD 60) measured by MDCT and CMRI respectively. Four different attenuation values were tested, and the smallest difference in PAT was noted when ?30 to ?190 HU were used in MDCT measures. The median difference between MDCT and CMRI for the assessment of PAT was 9 ml (SD 50) suggesting a reasonable robust method for the assessment of PAT in a large-scale study. Pericardial adipose tissue can be measured on standard coronary CT angiography images with a reasonable degree of accuracy when compared to CMRI.