甲型H1N1流感96例临床观察

目的探讨辽阳地区甲型H1N1流感的临床特点。方法分析2009年9—10月我市收治的96例甲型H1N1流感患者的临床表现、实验室检查结果、治疗及预后特点。结果辽阳地区甲型H1N1流感以青少年学生多发;绝大多数病例临床表现类似于普通感冒,少数病例出现CK、AIJT、AST升高,极少数病例可出现口周疱疹及皮疹;重症发生率为4．2％;连花清瘟胶囊和（或）痰热清注射液治疗有效。结论辽阳地区甲型H1N1流感临床经过良好,无危重症病例,治愈率为100％。中西医结合治疗有效。     

甲型H1N1流感62例临床诊治分析

2009年3月以来,墨西哥、美国暴发了甲型H1N1流感,疫情迅速蔓延。我院2009年6月～9月共收治甲型H1N1流感病例62例,现将其临床表现及治疗情况报道如下。     

103例甲型H1N1流感临床分析

目的:探讨2009年甲型H1N1流感的临床特点及预后。方法:回顾性分析2009年8月至2010年1月北京安贞医院98例甲型H1N1流感患者及5例外院会诊重症患者的临床资料。结果:本组病例中平均年龄(31.06±13.43)岁。主要临床表现为发热(100%)、咳嗽(88.3%)及畏寒(81.6%)等。重症及危重症患者中病死率为22.2%,并发症居前3位的是细菌感染、急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)、多脏器功能衰竭(MODS),其发生率分别为85.7%、57.1%及28.6%。慢性基础性疾病为重症及危重症病例发生的重要影响因素。结论:甲型H1N1流感以青壮年发病为主,主要临床表现为呼吸道症状,重症病例中多存在二重感染,并有可能存在凝血障碍,呼吸性碱中毒,低氧血症或Ⅰ型呼吸衰竭,且存在慢性基础性疾病更易发生。     

广东省首例输人性甲型H1N1流行性感冒临床分析

目的 了解2009年广东省首例输入性甲型H1N1流行性感冒(流感)病例的流行病学、临床、病原学特点及预后转归.方法 对该例成年男性患者流行病学及临床资料进行回顾性分析,并采用实时荧光PCR法检测甲型H1N1流感病毒核酸.结果 该患者赴加拿大、美国自助旅游3周,2009年5月14日发病,次日回国入境检疫时有发热,即转送广州市第八人民医院隔离治疗.其临床表现以咽痛、干咳、鼻塞起病,后出现发热、全身肌肉酸痛、乏力、纳差等流感症状,无肺炎等并发症.WBC总数在发病初期升高,后期降低.咽拭子检测甲型H1N1流感病毒核酸阳性,病毒分离后测序结果显示与美国分离株高度相似.患者经抗病毒及对症支持治疗后痊愈出院.结论 该患者临床表现典型,确诊为广东省首例输入性甲型H1N1流感.     

53例甲型H1N1流感确诊病例的临床特点及预后分析

目的探讨甲型H1N1流感病例的主要临床表现。方法回顾性分析2009年5月~2009年10月本院确诊甲型H1N1流感53例住院病人。结果甲型H1N1流感传播速度快,以发热、咽痛、咳嗽等流感样症状为主要临床特征,多数病情轻,经奥司他韦或一般抗病毒及对症支持治疗,均可取得较好疗效。结论甲流治疗效果较好,但是在老年、儿童、孕妇以及合并其他基础疾病的患者容易变成重症,除抗病毒外还要抗感染和使用激素及必要时给予辅助通气。     

重症甲型H1N1流感的临床特点研究

目的探讨重症甲型H1N1流感的临床特点,以期了解新发疾病的发展及转归,尽早采取有效治疗措施。方法对我院2009年09-15—11-19收治的11例重症甲型H1N1流感患者临床表现、实验室检查、影像学特征、治疗及其预后等方面资料进行回顾性分析。结果重症甲型H1N1流感患者年龄中位数为39.9岁;均有发热、咳嗽和咳痰症状;8例(72.72%)入院时血常规白细胞计数减少,7例(63.63%)中性粒细胞比例>75%;8例患者血气分析氧合指数<200;胸片以斑片状双侧浸润阴影改变为主;重症甲型H1N1流感患者均给予抗病毒、抗生素和激素治疗,呼吸衰竭及ARDS时给予机械通气治疗。2例死亡,1例需行ECMO治疗,8例好转出院。结论重症甲型H1N1流感患者青壮年易感,临床表现与季节性流感相似,易并发病毒性肺炎,出现呼吸衰竭及发展为ARDS,病死率高。     

32例重症甲型H1N1流感护理体会

目的通过对32例重症甲型H1N1流感患者的临床护理分析,积累临床护理经验。方法对我院从2009年4月至2010年1月共收治负压病区32例重症甲型H1N1流感患者的病情、护理进行回顾性分析。结果 32例患者都有不同程度的发热、咳嗽等流感样症状,咽拭子甲型H1N1流感病毒核酸检测阳性（RT-PCR法）,合并不同程度的并发症、基础疾病及特殊因素,符合确诊甲型H1N1流感重症病例诊断标准。32例患者经过抗病毒、抗感染、止咳化痰平喘、吸氧、对症、中药等治疗和护理后25例治愈出院,7例5天后咽拭子甲型H1N1流感病毒核酸检测阴性（RT-PCR法）症状好转。结论甲型H1N1流感是可防可控可治的。     

甲型H1N1流感合并肺炎16例临床分析

甲型H1N1流感是由变异后的新型甲型H1N1流感病毒所引起的急性呼吸道传染病,通过飞沫、气溶胶、直接接触或间接接触传播,临床主要表现为流感样症状,少数病例病情重,进展迅速,可出现病毒性肺炎,合并呼吸衰竭、多脏器功能损伤,严重者可导致死亡。由于这种甲型H1N1流感是新发疾病,其合并肺炎患者的临床表现、影像学特点及治疗措施有待进一步观察总结。现将我院收治的甲型H1N1流感合并肺炎患者的临床表现及胸部影像学特点报道如下。     

北京市2009年甲型H1N1流行性感冒危重症与死亡病例流行病学特征及其影响因素分析

目的 了解北京市2009年甲型H1N1流行性感冒(流感)危重症与死亡病例的流行病学特征,探讨影响甲型H1N1流感病情严重程度的主要因素.方法 利用北京市2009年甲型H1N1流感病例个案信息进行描述性分析和多因素Logistic回归分析.结果 北京市2009年甲型H1N1流感感染率为66.1/10万,25～60岁组人群感染率最高,为86.8/10万.0～5岁组和60岁以上年龄组危重症感染率(12.5/10万,3.9/10万)、死亡率(0.9/10万,0.7/10万)和病死率(2.4%,3.3%)较高.549例危重症病例中学龄前儿童110例,比例最高,占20.0%,69例死亡病例中离、退休人员17例,比例最高,占24.6%.超过70.0%的危重症和死亡病例均在发病后2 d内到医院就诊.危重症病例和死亡病例中,均以有心血管疾病的病例比例最高,其次为慢性肺部疾病.多因素Logistic回归分析显示,甲型H1N1流感病例中,60岁以上、慢性肺部疾病及心血管疾病可能导致其病情较重,OR值分别为3.586(95%CI 1.586～8.117)、2.126(95%CI 1.178～3.835)和1.954(95%CI 1.126～3.391).结论 60岁以上、伴心血管疾病及慢性肺部疾病等因素可能加重甲型H1N1流感病例病情.     

北京市2009年甲型H1N1流行性感冒危重症与死亡病例流行病学特征及其影响因素分析

目的 了解北京市2009年甲型H1N1流行性感冒(流感)危重症与死亡病例的流行病学特征,探讨影响甲型H1N1流感病情严重程度的主要因素.方法 利用北京市2009年甲型H1N1流感病例个案信息进行描述性分析和多因素Logistic回归分析.结果 北京市2009年甲型H1N1流感感染率为66.1/10万,25～60岁组人群感染率最高,为86.8/10万.0～5岁组和60岁以上年龄组危重症感染率(12.5/10万,3.9/10万)、死亡率(0.9/10万,0.7/10万)和病死率(2.4%,3.3%)较高.549例危重症病例中学龄前儿童110例,比例最高,占20.0%,69例死亡病例中离、退休人员17例,比例最高,占24.6%.超过70.0%的危重症和死亡病例均在发病后2 d内到医院就诊.危重症病例和死亡病例中,均以有心血管疾病的病例比例最高,其次为慢性肺部疾病.多因素Logistic回归分析显示,甲型H1N1流感病例中,60岁以上、慢性肺部疾病及心血管疾病可能导致其病情较重,OR值分别为3.586(95%CI 1.586～8.117)、2.126(95%CI 1.178～3.835)和1.954(95%CI 1.126～3.391).结论 60岁以上、伴心血管疾病及慢性肺部疾病等因素可能加重甲型H1N1流感病例病情.     

危重型新型A/H1N1流感6例临床分析

目的提高危重型新型A/H1N1流感（简称甲流）的诊疗效果。方法对2009年11月~2010年1月我院发热隔离病区6例危重型甲流的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果危重型甲流临床表现以发热、咳嗽、咯血、呼吸困难为主要症状,均出现呼吸衰竭,肺部病灶进展快,均有3个以上肺叶受累,其中2例（33%）发展为ARDS,且合并症及并发症较多。经奥司他韦、利巴韦林抗病毒,亚胺培南西司他丁、伊曲康唑等抗感染及加强支持、保护重要脏器功能,患者均康复出院。结论早发现、早诊断、早期合理使用抗病毒治疗,积极处理合并症及并发症、维护心、肝、肾等多脏器功能,防治多器官功能衰竭可挽救患者的生命。     

H1N1 swine origin influenza infection in the United States and Europe in 2009 may be similar to H1N1 seasonal influenza infection in two Australian states in 2007 and 2008

Background The population‐based impact of infection with swine origin influenza A (H1N1) virus infection was not clear in the early days of the epidemic towards the end of May 2009. Australia had seven confirmed cases by 22 May 2009. We aimed to compare available data on swine origin influenza A (H1N1) virus infection overseas with seasonal influenza A (H1N1) virus infection in Australia to assist with forward planning. Methods Data on infection with seasonal influenza A (H1N1) virus in patients recruited through sentinel general practices in Victoria and Western Australia in 2007 and 2008 were compared with early publications on infection with swine origin influenza A (H1N1) virus in the United States and Europe. Results Influenza A (H1N1) virus infection was predominantly a disease of younger people, regardless of whether the virus was of swine or human origin. The median age of infection with swine origin virus was 20 years in the United States and 22 years in Spain, while the median age of infection with human origin virus was 18 years in Western Australia and 23 years in Victoria. Conclusions The median age of infection with influenza A (H1N1) virus was around 20 ± 3 years, independent of the origin of the H1N1 virus but a higher proportion of swine origin influenza infections occurred in people aged 10–18 years. This is at least partially explained by biased sampling among surveillance patients, although it may also reflect a different infection pattern.     

A Novel Duplex Real-Time Reverse-Transcription PCR Assay for the Detection of Influenza A and the Novel Influenza A(H1N1) Strain

Timely implementation of antiviral treatment and other public health based responses are dependent on accurate and rapid diagnosis of the novel pandemic influenza A(H1N1) strain. In this study we developed a duplex real-time PCR (RT-PCR) (dFLU-TM) assay for the simultaneous detection of a broad range of influenza A subtypes and specific detection of the novel H1N1 2009 pandemic strain. The assay was compared to the combined results of two previously described monoplex RT-PCR assays using 183 clinical samples and 10 seasonal influenza A isolates. Overall, the results showed that the dFLU-TM RT-PCR method is suitable for detection of influenza A, including the novel H1N1 pandemic strain, in clinical samples.     

A novel electrochemical device to differentiate pandemic (H1N1) 2009 from seasonal influenza

Please cite this paper as: Straight et al. (2010) A novel electrochemical device to differentiate pandemic (H1N1) 2009 from seasonal influenza. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 4(2), 73–79. Background One of the challenges of the recent pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza outbreak was to differentiate the virus from seasonal influenza when confronting clinical cases. The determination of the virus has implications on treatment choice, and obvious epidemiologic significance. Objectives We set out to apply a novel electrochemical device to samples derived from clinical cases of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza to examine the ability of the device to differentiate these samples from cases of seasonal influenza. Patients/Methods An IRB approved protocol allowed for the use of original nasal wash samples from 24 confirmed human cases pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza. Clinical samples from cases of seasonal influenza (Influenza A/H1N1, A/H3N2, and B) were included as controls. Nucleic acids were extracted and samples examined by the ElectraSense^® Influenza A assay (CombiMatrix, Inc). Samples were also examined by RT-PCR or Luminex assays as a comparator. Results and Conclusions The ElectraSense^® Influenza A assay correctly identified 23 of 24 samples of laboratory-confirmed pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Influenza. The assay correctly identified all samples of influenza A/H1N1 and A/H3N2, and differentiated these from pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Influenza in all cases. The ElectraSense^® Influenza A assay proved to be a useful assay to quickly and accurately differentiate pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza from seasonal influenza.     

甲型H1N1流感418例临床、实验室特点及预后

目的探讨甲型H1N1流感临床、实验室特征及预后情况。方法分析我院2009年5月—2010年1月收治的418例甲型H1N1流感患者的临床和实验室资料,总结其临床和实验室特征及预后情况。结果青壮年为易感人群。症状以发热、咳嗽、咽痛等为主,体征以咽部充血、扁桃体肿大等为主要表现。临床分型以普通流感为主。实验室检查显示血WBC、血清铁、血清磷、CK和CH50有明显变化。咽拭子甲型H1N1流感病毒核酸转阴天数中位数为5d。418例均治愈出院。结论甲型H1N1流感病情温和,血清铁可作为早期预警指标。     

儿童甲型H1N1流感63例临床观察

目的 探讨儿童甲型H1N1流感的流行特征、临床特点及实验室指标.方法　对我院收治的63例儿童甲型H1N1流感的流行病学史、临床表现、实验室指标、治疗及转归进行回顾性总结分析.结果　多数患儿有流感患者接触史,症状以发热(高热为主)、咳嗽及咽痛为主.实验窜检查:全部患儿ALT、肾功能及血钾均正常,部分患儿CK、LDH及α-...     

Clinical characteristics and outcomes of hospitalized patients with 2009 H1N1 influenza in a large acute care tertiary hospital, Singapore

This study describes the clinical characteristics and outcomes of hospitalized patients with 2009 H1N1 influenza in a large, acute care, tertiary hospital in Singapore. Of the 265 hospitalized patients with laboratory-confirmed 2009 influenza A (H1N1) during the height of the H1N1 flu pandemic, 13% (35) suffered severe outcomes including a mortality rate of 4.5% (12). Severe outcomes were associated with patients aged 40 years or more, underlying comorbidities, and complicated by pneumonia.     

63例重症甲型H1N1流感病例的临床特点及救治体会

目的分析成人重症甲型HlNl流感患者的流行病学及临床特征。方法分析63例重症甲型H1N1流感患者的临床表现,比较其流行病学信息及临床特征。结果 63例患者中59例患者病情好转出院,4例死亡。临床表现以显著的低氧血症为主要特征,患者有明显的全身症状,多器官功能障碍及免疫功能低下多见,易合并继发细菌或真菌感染。但经过积极抗病毒、抗感染、改善全身症状及支持治疗后,大部分患者病情改善。结论重症甲型H1N1流感病例病程进展快、低氧血症难以纠正、肺部病变范围广、合并感染严重,因此,早发现、尽早开始全身的综合救治是治疗成功的关键。     

Infection by rhinovirus: Similarity of clinical signs included in the case definition of influenza IAn/H1N1

Introduction

Although new influenza virus (IAn/H1N1) infections are mild and indistinguishable from any other seasonal influenza virus infections, there are few data on comparisons of the clinical features of infection with (IAn/H1N1) and with other respiratory viruses. The incidence, clinical aspects and temporal distribution of those respiratory viruses circulating during flu pandemic period were studied.

Methods

Respiratory samples from patients with acute influenza-like symptoms were collected from May 2009 to December 2009. Respiratory viruses were detected by conventional culture methods and genome amplification techniques.

Results

Although IAn/H1N1 was the virus most frequently detected, several other respiratory viruses co-circulated with IAn/H1N1 during the pandemic period, especially rhinovirus. The similarity between clinical signs included in the clinical case definition for influenza and those caused by other respiratory viruses, particularly rhinovirus, suggest that a high percentage of viral infections were clinically diagnosed as case of influenza.

Conclusions

Our study offers useful information to face future pandemics caused by influenza virus, indicating that differential diagnoses are required in order to not overestimate the importance of the pandemic.