围术期血液稀释与输异体血对肝癌病人红细胞免疫功的影响

目的探讨术前等容血液稀释自身输血与榆异体血对肝癌病人红细胞免疫功能的影响,方法20例肝癌病人,随机分为急性等容血液稀释组,输异体血组。分别于术前,术后24、48、72h,抽取静脉血测定C3b受体花环率（C3bRR）、红细胞免疫复合物（ICR）、红细胞免疫促进因子（FER）、红细胞免疫抑制因子（FIR）。结果两组病人术前红细胞免疫功能均低下。血液稀释组的红细胞的免疫功能术后24h即有所恢复,对照组在术后72h才恢复。结论围术期急性等容血液稀释自身输血对尽快恢复肝癌病人红细胞的免疫功能有帮助。     

稀释式自身输血在脑外科手术中的应用

目的将稀释性自身输血应用于脑外科手术中。方法选择9例脑外科手术的患者，在手术之前、麻醉之后采集自体血，同时补充晶、胶体液，在术中或手术结束前将自体血回输。结果9例患者中，除1例患者因失血过多而输2U红细胞外，其余均未再输异体血，在术中及术后均未发生输血不良反应，术后恢复良好。结论自身输血可避免异体输血导致的各种并发症，而稀释式自身输血由于血液处于稀释状态，术中丢失的是稀释血，减少了红细胞的损失，同时改善了组织的微循环，防止了血栓的发生，在临床各科都有较高的应用价值。     

自体血液回输与异体血输注对机体红细胞恢复的影响

目的 研究自体血液回输与异体血输注对机体红细胞恢复的影响.方法 选择择期手术患者,术中单纯自体血回输和同期单纯输注异体血两组患者进行比较,回顾性分析其临床输血诊疗过程,动态追踪机体血常规变化,评估输血纠正贫血疗效.结果 术中使用自体血液回输19例,自体血液回输400～1000ml(平均680ml).术中输注异体血液的15例,输注红细胞2～9U(平均5U);两组之间术前、术后1天、7天、14天红细胞计数、血细胞比容、血红蛋白差异均无显著性,但术后21天出现显著差异,自体血液回输组患者红细胞增长更快.结论 与异体血输注比较,自体血回输不但具有安全、无传染病、不产生对血液成分的免疫反应等优点,更有利于机体红细胞恢复.     

急性等容性血液稀释在择期手术中的应用

目的探讨急性等容性血液稀释在择期手术中的应用。方法 2011年5月~2012年5月期间,我院42例择期手术患者,随机分为对照组(自体血液回输)和观察组(急性等容性血液稀释),于术前、输血前、手术结束、术后24h,监测两组心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)、血红蛋白(Hb)、红细胞压积(HCT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血酶时间(APTT)。结果与对照组相比,观察组异体血输血量明显减少,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对于择期手术患者,急性等容性血液稀释能够有效节约血源,减少异体输血的用量,确保患者输血的安全性。     

稀释式自身输血在脊柱手术中的应用及护理体会

目的:探讨稀释式自身输血在脊柱手术中的应用及护理体会。方法:将符合标准80例脊柱手术患者随机分为A、B2组各40例,A组患者采用稀释式自身血液回输术,B组患者用异体输血方案在手术过程中输血。A组在插管全麻后进行自体采血,血液稀释按公式V=EBV×(Ho-Hf)/Hav计算放血量,放血完后按比例快速输入晶胶体溶液,手术结束前或术中发生明显出血时将之前放出的自体血回输于患者体内,检测A组患者在血液稀释前、血液回输前、手术结束后血红蛋白(Hb)、红细胞压积(HCT);B组在相应时间点检测同一指标,然后将2组进行统计学分析对照。结果:稀释式自身输血A组与异体输血B组2组对比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:稀释式自身血液回输在脊柱术中可有效减少使用异体血,避免血源的浪费,稀释式自身输血是一种安全、经济、有效、实用的可行性技术,值得在临床推广应用。     

骨科择期手术患者术前自身储血的适应症探讨

目的：探讨骨科择期手术患者术前自身储血的病种适应症。方法：对40例择期手术患者行术前自身储血。检测自身储血前及输血后第2天、1周、2周血红蛋白(HB)、红细胞(RBC)、红细胞压积(HcT)的变化,并观察自体输血与异体输血后的反应和并发症。结果：术前自身储血总量15600ml,占总输血量84．8％。术中仅回输自体血35例,占87．5％;因病情需要补输异体血5例,占12．5％。未发生输血反应和并发症。结论：骨科择期手术患者术前自身储血、术中回输自体血是安全有效的输血方式。对估计术中出血量成人在600ml以下或要求术中备血的患者,是该方法的最佳适应症。     

围术期血液稀释与输异体血对肝癌病人红细胞免疫T细胞亚群的影响

目的 探讨术前等容血液稀释自身输血与输异体血对肝癌病人红细胞免疫功能T细胞亚群的影响.方法 20例肝癌病人,随机分为急性等容血液稀释组和输异体血组.分别于术前,术后24、48、72 h,抽取静脉血测定C3b受体花环率(C3bRR)、红细胞免疫复合物(ICR)、红细胞免疫促进因子(FER)、红细胞免疫抑制因子(FIR).于麻醉前及术后24、48、72、120 h抽取静脉血测定T细胞亚群CD2、CD4、CD8、CD4/CD8.结果 两组病人术前红细胞免疫功能均低下,血液稀释组的红细胞的免疫功能术后24 h即有所恢复,输异体血组在术后72 h才恢复;血液稀释组T细胞亚群在术前、术后改变不明显(P＞0.05).输异体血组在术后48 h后CD2、CD4、CD4/CD8降低(P＜0.01),120 h尚未恢复到术前水平.结论 围术期急性等容血液稀释自身输血对尽快恢复肝癌病人红细胞的免疫功能有帮助.围术期急性等容血液稀释对T细胞亚群的影响不大,而输异体血对T细胞亚群有明显的抑制作用.     

急性等容血液稀释联合回收式自体输血在非停搏冠状动脉旁路移植术中的应用

①目的研究急性等容血液稀释（ANH）联合回收式自体输血疗法对非停搏冠状动脉旁路移植术（OPCAB）病人血液保护的效果。②方法40例择期行OPCAB病人，随机分成ANH联合回收式自体输血组（联合组）和回收式自体输血组（对照组），联合组病人麻醉诱导后从动脉采血（采血量8～12mL／kg），同时从静脉输入胶体液加晶体液（V：V=1：1）。两组病人用血液回收机回收的术中出血，术中或术毕将洗涤后的红细胞均回输体内。联合组在此基础上将术前采集的自体血回输体内。监测两组病人术中血流动力学变化，术前及术后24h血红蛋白（Hb）、血细胞比容（Hct）、血小板计数（PLT），24h出血量及输异体血的量。③结果两组病人术后24hHb、Hct、PLT、出血量、术后输异体血的量比较差异有显著性（t=2．281～9．878，P〈0．05、0．01）。④结论ANH联合回收式自体输血能降低OPCAB病人异体血的输注，降低术中及术后输血量。     

术中出血回输在骨科手术中的应用

目的 :为了解决血源紧张及异体输血的危害 ,探讨应用 2 0 0 0型血液回收机行术中出血回输在骨科手术中的应用。方法 :自 1999年 11月～ 2 0 0 1年 11月 ,对 5 0例骨科择期手术患者采用了术中出血回输方法 ,同期选择 5 0例类似患者采用术中输异体血作为对照。结果 :自体输血组显著减少输异体血量 ,但是 4 6 %患者仍然需要补充异体血。光镜观察回收处理后红细胞形态正常、无碎片。回收血培养均呈阴性。手术后第 1天患者红细胞、Hb、HCT均明显低于手术前 ,但是未见明显失血反应表现 ,术后 1周恢复正常。电解质术前、术后无异常。异体输血患者有 8例发生输血反应。结论 :骨科手术中使用血液回收机进行自体输血值得推广 ,但是不能完全取代异体输血。     

稀释式自体输血在心脏手术中的应用

目的 稀释式自身输血应用于心脏手术中观察不用或少用异体库血进行心脏手术效果.方法 对40例进行心脏手术患者(试验组)术中采用稀释式自身输血节血措施,同期使用异体输血法的40例心脏手术患者作为对照组,比较两组见血小板(plt) 血红蛋白(HB) 红细胞压积(HCT) 异体输血等差异.结果 稀释式能避免和减少输用异体血液,术后血小板血红蛋白和红细胞压积均无统计学行状差异(p>0.05).结论 心脏手术中采用稀释式自体输血能明显减少手术出血少输和不输异体血,降低对库血的需要量.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.