改良Chiari骨盆截骨术结合展压塑形疗法治疗儿童股骨头坏死

[目的]探讨晚期儿童缺血性无菌性股骨头坏死（Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease，LCPD）的治疗方法。[方法]采用改良Chiari骨盆截骨延长术、双下肢主动外展塑形疗法及患髋被动旋转推压塑形疗法对19例19髋晚期LCPD进行治疗。[结果]本组19髋患者，随访2-7a，平均4 a 7个月，其中优14髋，良3髋，中2髋，可0髋，差0髋，优良率89．4％。髋臼一股骨头指数（AHI）恢复正常。治疗后患肢无跛行，无髋膝部疼痛，髋关节功能恢复正常。股骨头塌陷得到纠正。[结论]改良Chiari骨盆截骨延长术可有效增加股骨头的包容，双下肢主动外展塑形疗法及患髋被动旋转推压塑形疗法能纠正股骨头塌陷，改善髋关节功能。     

塑形钢板治疗距下关节内跟骨骨折43例疗效分析

目的 探讨塑形钢板治疗距下关节内跟骨骨折的临床效果。方法 采用开放复位塑形钢板内固定治疗距下关节内跟骨骨折共43例(46跟)。随访时间2．4年。进行手术前、后X线变化及临床结果评定。结果 全部病例术后可使跟骨距下关节疼痛消失，功能改善，跟距关节及跟骨恢复了正常的对合关系及形状。结论 塑形钢板内固定治疗距下关节内跟骨骨折是一种有效的疗法。     

Chiari骨盆内移截骨治疗儿童股骨头缺血坏死的远期疗效分析

目的:探讨Chiari骨盆内移截骨治疗CatterallⅢ、Ⅳ型儿童股骨头缺血坏死的长期随访结果 ,分析截骨角对临床及放射线结果的影响。方法:自2005年3月至2013年7月,采用Chiari骨盆内移截骨术治疗26例CatterallⅢ、Ⅳ型儿童股骨头缺血坏死患者,其中男17例,女9例,年龄4～13(8.9±2.6)岁。通过截骨角将患者分为低截骨角组和高截骨角组,低截骨角组10例,其中男8例,女2例,年龄4～13(9.2±3.3)岁,截骨角为10°;高截骨角组16例,其中男9例,女7例,年龄6～12(8.8±2.1)岁,截骨角为15°。比较两组患者术前及末次随访时HHS髋关节功能评分、髋关节CE角、髋臼指数、Sharp角、Shenton线是否连续、股骨头包容度百分比及髋臼深宽比,并采用Stulberg分级评估标准评价股骨头塑形情况。结果:26例患者获得随访,时间4.5～12.0(7.9±1.8)年。术后患者切口均Ⅰ期愈合,时间10～14(12.3±1.1) d,术后无感染、皮肤坏死、血管神经损伤等并发症。所有截骨断端获得愈合,时间8～13(9.8±1.4)周。低截骨角组HHS评分由术前的75.8±6.5提高至末次随访时的93.5±2.5(P0.05);高截骨角组HHS评分由术前的77.6±6.2提高至末次随访时97.8±1.6(P0.05);高截骨角组优于低截骨角组(P0.05)。低截骨角组髋臼指数由术前的(10.1±2.5)°降低到末次随访时的(4.5±1.3)°(P0.05),高截骨角组髋臼指数由术前的(10.7±3.3)°降低至末次随访时的(2.0±1.1)°(P0.05);高截骨角组髋臼指数优于低截骨角组(P0.05)。两组治疗前后CE角、Sharp角、Shenton线是否连续、股骨头包容度百分比及髋臼深宽比较差异无统计学意义。根据Stulberg分级评估标准,高截骨角组股骨头塑形能力优于低截骨角组(P0.05)。结论:Chiari骨盆内移截骨术治疗CatterallⅢ、Ⅳ型儿童股骨头缺血坏死时,采用15°截骨角能够更有效地降低髋臼指数,有助于提高股骨头塑形能力,从而更明显地改善临床结果。     

应用“A”型外展支具治疗股骨头缺血性坏死疗效分析

<正>股骨头缺血性坏死的最佳治疗方法一直存在争议。包容治疗和手术包容治疗各有利弊。近期多中心的研究结果显示对于中度的股骨头缺血性坏死病变采用股骨或骨盆截骨术其结果优于未手术的患者。但对于大龄和严重的股骨头坏死病例,其结果并不理想。本文应用"A"型外展支具保守治疗股骨头缺血性坏死的病人取得了良好的效果。采取该方法的基础理念是:股骨头软骨的外观形状导向股骨头骨化核的形状;股骨头软骨是可以形变的,因此是可塑的;股骨头在髋臼内多方向的活动可以使股骨头有效的塑形;髋臼的形态可以因股骨头的"磨合"而改变。     

臀下血管吻合支大转子骨瓣转位重建股骨头──介绍一种治疗成人晚期股骨头坏死的新手术

在解剖学研究的基础上，作者设计了以臀下血管吻合支为蒂的大转子骨瓣转位重建股骨头，为治疗中、青年人晚期股骨头坏死提供一种新的疗法。经临床应用１８例，取得良好疗效。     

早期非创伤性股骨头坏死诊断及治疗的研究现状

正目前临床上对股骨头坏死多采用非手术疗法、保髋手术治疗股骨头早期坏死。而晚期股骨头坏死的主要通过全髋关节置换缓解临床症状,彻底治愈股骨头坏死。现将早期非创伤性股骨头坏死诊断及治疗的研究现状综述如下。1股骨头坏死病因的研究现状股骨头坏死又称股骨头缺血坏死。其发病机制常常是由于骨内血液循环障碍,骨细胞凋亡,随病情发展股骨头负重区骨小梁结构发生变化,最终导致股骨头变形、塌陷,临床多以髋关     

体外冲击波在治疗早期成人股骨头坏死中的现状

股骨头坏死(osteonecrosis of the femoral head,ONFH)是指股骨头的血供遭到破坏,使得骨组织失去血液供应或血液循环发生障碍,从而引起患者髋关节功能障碍,是当前骨科领域常见的难治性疾病之一。因此早期诊断和治疗显得尤为重要,而体外冲击波疗法作为一种新兴的非手术治疗方式,在骨科领域尤其是关节外科发展迅速,在早期成人股骨头坏死、软组织损伤以及骨不连等方面的治疗,已经取得较好的疗效。本文就体外冲击波疗法在治疗早期成人股骨头坏死的研究进展和疗效作一综述,希望能对临床工作有所帮助。     

带血管蒂大转子骨瓣移位植骨治疗成人股骨头坏死

作者设计以旋股内侧血管深支和臀下血管吻合支为蒂的股骨大转子骨瓣移位植骨修复股骨头，为治疗成人股骨头缺血性坏死提供一新的疗法，临床应用２６例２８侧，经随访２年以上者计１６例，取得良好疗效。     

臂下血管吻合支大转子骨瓣转位重建股骨头：介绍一种治疗…

在解剖学研究的基础上，作者设计了以臂下血管吻合支为蒂的大转子骨瓣转位重建股骨头，为治疗中、青年人晚期股骨头坏死提供一种新的疗法。经临床应用１８例，取得良好疗效。     

可塑形骨泥的研究进展

目的综述用于修复骨缺损的可塑形骨泥的研究进展及临床应用情况。方法查阅近年可塑形骨泥的相关文献,并进行综合分析。结果可塑形骨泥的制备和应用技术已日趋成熟,已有多种可塑形骨泥广泛应用于临床,并获得了良好疗效。目前制备可塑形骨泥的材料各不相同,方法各异,骨修复能力也有较大差异。结论可塑形骨泥为修复形状不规则的骨缺损提供了有效的治疗手段,但现有的可塑形骨泥在满足临床需求方面还有一定不足,有待进一步研究。     

2015年乳腺癌辅助化疗进展

【摘要】〓乳腺癌是危害我国女性健康的头号杀手,尽管近年来辅助化疗的研究进展突飞猛进,但临床中仍有不少问题未能明确,如辅助化疗的合适人群、化疗的开始时间、蒽环及紫杉类的地位和用法、强化维持治疗的作用、疗效及预后的生物标志物等。本文结合乳腺癌辅助化疗在临床上的常见问题和2015年各大乳腺癌会议阐述乳腺癌辅助化疗的最新进展。     

Alterations in T-Cell Subset Frequency in Peripheral Blood in Obesity

Background: Obesity affects the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses. This study characterizes differences in peripheral blood lymphocyte phenotype in obese humans. Methods: Frequencies of lymphocyte subsets among peripheral blood mononuclear cells were compared between 10 obese (BMI ≥35) and 10 lean subjects, as determined by antibodies directed against cluster differentiation (CD) markers. Results: Obese patients demonstrated an increased frequency of CD3+CD4+ T-cells (mean difference 12%, P=0.004), a decreased frequency of CD3+CD8+ T-cells (mean difference 9.4%, P=0.016) and an increased frequency of CD3+CD8+CD95+ T-cells (mean difference 13.3%, P=0.032). No other differences among T-cell or monocyte subsets were noted. Conclusions: Obesity is associated with alterations in frequencies of peripheral CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells and aberrations in the expression of CD95 among CD8+ T-cells. These data suggest both CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell compartments, as well as the regulation of CD95 expression on CD8+ T-cells, as targets for further study into obesity's effects on the immune system.     

β-半乳糖苷酶在体内外成骨细胞中的表达

目的 研究β—半乳糖苷酶(β—gal)在成骨细胞中的表达状况，为阐明MorquioB综合征的发病机制提供依据。方法 裸鼠各器官和骨组织标本行X-gal染色检测。抽取羊和人骨髓行骨髓基质细胞(BMSCs)培养，分为4组：I：Adv-hBMP-2转染组；Ⅱ：Adv—β—gal转染组；Ⅲ：未转染组；Ⅳ：地塞米松诱导组。分别行X-gal染色和RT-PCR检测β—gal的表达。结果 裸鼠骺板两侧、骨膜内面及松质骨的成骨细胞和破骨细胞可见多量β—gal的表达。未转染BMSCs组有少量β—gal的表达，其他3组细胞的β—gal表达增高。结论成骨细胞和破骨细胞可表达多量β—gal，该两种细胞的β—gal缺乏可能是MorquioB综合征骨骼异常的直接原因。     

西宁地区烧伤病人动脉血气分析观察

对高海拔地区的27例烧伤病人动脉血气变化进行了分析和观察。结果证明:无论是存活病人还是死亡病人伤后均存在有低氧血症问题。并且在死亡病人和烧伤合并吸入性损伤病人其低氧血症的发生早于单纯烧伤病人。提示:吸入性损伤病人应立即行气管切开术以保障氧气供给,单纯烧伤病人可常规吸氧以维持正常血 PaO_2,ARDS 均发生在合并吸入性损伤的病人,高频喷射通气技术对纠正低氧血症有一定效果。     

Controversies in Fistula in Ano

Managing a complex fistula in ano can be a daunting task for most surgeons; largely due to the two major dreaded complications—recurrence & fecal incontinence. It is important to understand the anatomy of the anal sphincters & the aetiopathological process of the disease to provide better patient care. There are quite a few controversies associated with fistula in ano & its management, which compound the difficulty in treating fistula in ano. This article attempts to clear some of those major controversies.     

Smoking-Attributable mortality in Spain in 2016

IntroductionSmoking-attributable mortality (SAM) is a valuable indicator that can be used to characterize the course and health burden of the smoking epidemic. The aim of this paper was to estimate SAM in Spain in 2016 in the population aged 35 and over, using the best available evidence.MethodsA smoking prevalence-dependent analysis based on the estimation of population-attributable fractions was performed. Smoking prevalence (never, former, and current smokers) was calculated from a combination of the Spanish Health Survey (2016) and the European Health Survey (2014); the relative risk of death among current and former smokers was taken from the follow-up of various cohorts; and mortality rates were obtained from National Center for Statistics data. SAM estimates are presented globally, and by sex, age groups, and major disease categories: cancer, cardiometabolic diseases and respiratory diseases.ResultsIn 2016, 56,124 deaths were attributed to tobacco consumption, 84% in men (47,000), and 50% in the population aged over 74 (27,795). Overall, 50% of SAM was due to cancer (28,281), 65% of which was lung cancer. One in 4 attributable deaths (13,849) occurred before the age of 65.ConclusionsOne in 7 deaths in Spain in 2016 were attributable to smoking. This estimation of SAM clearly highlights the great impact of smoking on mortality in Spain, mainly due to lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.     

Single center experience in single-incision laparoscopic surgery in children in Turkey

Purpose

Minimally invasive surgery has evolved into single-incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) in the recent years. Few reports have addressed the practicality of SILS in children. Our current experience with regard to feasibility and effectiveness of SILS in children is presented.

Methods

A retrospective review of the operative database for patients operated on using SILS in our department from March 2009 to July 2010 was performed. Data regarding the type of the procedure, age, sex, operative performance, hospital stay, and complications were collected.

Main Results

Among 43 patients, cholecystectomy was performed in 11; appendectomy, in 10; unroofing for ovarian cysts, in 5; unroofing for splenic cysts, in 4; oophorectomy, in 6 (ovarian torsion, 2; teratoma, 4); ovary-preserving teratoma excision, in 1; splenectomy, in 1; gonadectomy, in 3; and varicocelectomy, in 2. There were no conversions to standard laparoscopic or open techniques. The only postoperative complication was a wound infection that occurred after an appendectomy.

Conclusion

Although currently more expensive, SILS can be performed in children in almost every pediatric surgical procedure that can be accomplished with conventional laparoscopic techniques. The most significant contribution of SILS procedure is cosmesis. Postoperative pain and length of hospital stay were not improved.     

MicroRNAs in hepatic pathophysiology in diabetes

MicroRNAs(miRNAs or miRs) are small approximately 22 nucleotide RNA species that are believed to regulate diverse metabolic and physiological processes.In the recent past,several reports have surfaced that demonstrate the role of miRNAs in various biological processes and numerous disease states.For a disease as complex as diabetes,the emergence of miRNAs as key regulators leading to the disease phenotype has added a novel dimension to the area of diabetes research.On the other hand,the liver,a metabolic hub,contributes in a major way towards maintaining normal glucose levels in the body as it can both stimulate and inhibit hepatic glucose output.This equilibrium is frequently disturbed in diabetes and hence,the liver assumes special significance considering the correlation between altered hepatic physiology and diabetes.While the understanding of the mechanisms behind this altered hepatic behavior is not yet completely understood,recent reports on the status and role of miRNAs in the diabetic liver have further added to the complexities of the knowledge of hepatic pathophysiology in diabetes.Here,we bring together the various miRNAs that play a role in the altered hepatic behavior during diabetes.