异丙酚全麻诱导气管插管时心血管反应观察

目的:观察异丙酚和硫贲妥钠静脉诱导气管插管的心血管反应.方法:40例择期全麻患者,随机分两组,每组20例.异丙酚组:诱导时以25 mg/kg异丙酚静脉注射;硫贲妥钠组:以5 mg/kg硫贲妥钠静脉注射,分别记录插管前后血压、心率的变化.结果:异丙酚组诱导后血压有一过性下降,心率无明显变化;硫贲妥钠组,插管后血压、心率增加明显,与诱导前相比差异有显著性(P＜0.05).结论:异丙酚诱导插管与硫贲妥钠相比,前者对心血管的反应轻微.     

异丙酚与硫喷妥钠混用麻醉诱导对血流动力学的影响

目的:观察异丙酚与硫喷妥钠混用麻醉诱导对血流动力学的影响.方法:26例病人随机分为A、B两组,每组13例.A组诱导用芬太尼4 μg/kg、维库溴铵0.8 mg/kg、异丙酚2.0 mg/kg、琥珀胆碱1.5 mg/kg;B组用芬太尼4 μg/kg、维库溴铵0.8 mg/kg、1.0%异丙酚与2.0%硫喷妥钠1∶1混合液(剂量为异丙酚1.0 mg/kg、硫喷妥钠2.0 mg/kg)、琥珀胆碱1.5 mg/kg.记录诱导前、诱导后和插管后1,3,5 min时收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、平均动脉压(MAP)和心率(HR)变化.结果:诱导后两组病人SBP、DBP和MAP均较诱导前明显降低(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),A组较B组降低更为明显(P＜0.05).插管后两组病人SBP、DBP和MAP较诱导后明显增加(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),但均未超过诱导前水平(P＞0.05).两组病人各时期HR无明显变化(P＞0.05).结论:1.0%异丙酚与2.0%硫喷妥钠按1∶1比例混合后用于麻醉诱导(剂量为异丙酚1.0 mg/kg,硫喷妥钠2.0 mg/kg),可减轻诱导后血压下降的程度,与芬太尼4 μg/kg伍用,可有效控制气管插管引起的心血管反应.     

异丙酚、硫喷妥钠静脉麻醉诱导的临床观察

目的:观察异丙酚在全麻诱导插管期间对呼吸循环的影响,并和硫喷妥钠进行比较.方法:择期手术病人30例,随机分为两组,即异丙酚组(P组)和硫喷妥钠组(T组),每组各15例.诱导方法为静注芬太尼4ug/kg, 观察2分钟静注异丙酚2.0mg/kg-2.5mg/kg或硫喷妥钠6mg/kg-8mg/kg和琥珀胆碱1.5mg/kg-2.0mg/kg后气管插管.应用Dash3000监测仪分别在诱导前、诱导后、插管后即刻及插管后5分钟测定循环参数的变化.结果:诱导后P组的血压和RPP与诱导前比较显著降低(P＜0.01).在插管后即刻P组的血压,RPP和HR上升幅度比T组小,T组与诱导前相比有显著性差异(P<0.01),组间相比有差异(P<0.05).结论:异丙酚诱导迅速、平稳,可能减少心肌耗氧量,对插管刺激引起的高血压反应比硫喷妥钠轻.异丙酚不失为一种良好的全麻诱导药.     

丙泊酚、硫喷妥钠联合麻醉诱导对血液动力学的影响

目的：观察小剂量丙泊酚和硫喷妥钠联合用于麻醉诱导对血流动力学的影响及临床应用价值。方法：择期全身麻醉气管插管手术患者84例，ASAⅠ-Ⅱ级，随机分成3组（n=28），硫喷妥钠组（A组）：诱导量5mg/kg；丙泊酚组（B组）；诱导量2.0mg/kg；联合诱导组（C组）硫喷妥钠1－2mg/kg加丙泊酚0.5-1.0mg/kg，观察诱导后2min,5min,10min血液动力学变化。结果：C组在丙泊酚诱导前先静脉预注硫喷妥钠1－2mg/kg，患者静脉注射部位疼痛发生率明显低于B组（P＜0．01），平均动脉压和心率均无明显变化（P＞0．05），而A和B组给药后2min与5min平均动脉压均低于麻醉前，心率均高于麻醉前（P＜0．05－P＜0．05）。结论：丙泊酚与硫喷妥钠联合麻醉诱导具有协同作用，减少单独用药不良反应发生率，血液动力学稳定，麻醉诱导更加平稳，安全，为临床全麻诱导提供一种可行的方法。     

芬太尼预防气管插管时心血管反应的观察

17例择期非心脏手术病人(ASAI—Ⅱ级)随机分为两组。对照组10例,以硫贲妥钠4～6mg/kg 及琥珀胆碱2mg/kg 诱导;实验组7例,给予上述药物前先静脉注射芬太尼4～5μg/kg,观察插管后心率及收缩压变化。结果显示,对照组病人插管后心率及收缩压明显升高,实验组病人心率及收缩压无明显改变。作者认为,小剂量芬太尼(4～5μg/kg)可有效预防气管插管所致心率加快和血压升高,值得采用。     

不同麻醉诱导气管插管对危重患者心血管应激反应的影响

目的 通过临床对危重患者应用不同的麻醉诱导气管插管,观察患者的心血管应激反应,寻找最合适的一种方法.方法 选取60例危重患者随机分为2组,观察组麻醉诱导气管插管静脉给予芬太尼(5 μg/kg)+异丙酚(1.5mg/kg)+维库溴铵(0.1 mg/kg)+氯胺酮(1 mg/kg),对照组患者选择芬太尼(5μg/kg)+异丙酚(1.5 mg/kg)+维库溴铵(0.1mg/kg)+咪唑安定(0.1mg/kg);观察2组患者插管前后的血流动力学变化.结果 2组患者经过麻醉诱导后插管前出现不同程度的血压、心率下降,与诱导前比具有统计学意义(P均＜0.05).对照组插管后血压、心率升高明显,与观察组比较差异有统计学意义(P均＜0.05).结论 氯胺酮复合芬太尼、异丙酚用于危重患者麻醉诱导气管插管是临床最为有效且合理的方法.     

三种静脉麻醉药诱导期对循环及内分泌的影响

目的：比较异丙酚、硫喷妥钠、依托咪酯静脉诱导、气管捕管期间对循环及内分泌的影响。方法：全麻病人30例,随机分为二组(n=10),分别给予异丙酚(Ⅰ组)、硫喷妥钠(Ⅱ组)、依托咪酯(Ⅲ组)行静脉诱导、插管,观察其平均动脉压、心率、血糖、皮质醇、胰岛素在诱导、插管期间的变化。结果：心率：Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组在插管即刻明显增快,(P＜0.05)。平均动脉压：Ⅰ组在插管前下降明显,(P＜0.05)。Ⅱ组在插管前下降和插管后4min明显上升,(P＜0.05)。Ⅲ组在插管即刻有明显上升,(P＜0.05)。皮质醇、胰岛素：Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组在插管后4min有明显上升,(P＜0.05)。血糖：3组在诱导插管期间均无明显变化,(P＞0.05)。结论：异丙酚静脉诱导比硫喷妥钠、依托咪酯对循环及内分泌的影响小,应激反应轻,静脉诱导平稳,适用于各种全麻手术的诱导。     

硫喷妥钠静脉全麻诱导对眼球结膜的影响

本文观察了硫喷妥钠全麻诱导下眼球结膜的改变并与异丙酚进行比较。1　临床资料全组150例中男性80例,女性70例,年龄18～76岁,均为ASA-级择期,急诊脑、胸、普外、妇产科及其他科手术病人。两组病人年龄、身高、体重无显著性差异。2　治疗方法入室后将病人随机分成硫喷妥钠组(n=75)和异丙酚组(n=75)。术前半小时肌注鲁米那钠针2mg/kg,阿托品针0.01～0.02mg/kg。麻醉诱导时硫喷妥钠组予安定20mg 芬太尼0.2mg 硫喷妥钠5mg/kg 琥珀胆碱1～2mg/kg。异丙酚组予安定20mg 芬太尼0.2mg 异丙酚2mg/kg 琥珀胆碱1～2mg/kg。两组病人均经口气管插管,以氨…     

异丙酚麻醉诱导期呼吸循环功能的变化

目的 研究异丙酚麻醉诱导期间呼循环功能的变化特点,为临床麻醉提供依据。 方法 90例心肺肝肾功能政党的择期手术患者随机分成3组,异丙酚（P组）,硫喷妥钠（S）组,乙咪酯（E）组,每组30例。麻醉诱导：静注P、S或E,琥珀胆碱1.5mg/kg、芬太尼2μg/kg行气管插管、机械通气,观察诱导过程中呼吸循环功能的变化。结果 3组血压（SBP、DBP、MAP）诱导后有程度不同的下降,其中P组对血压的影响最小,E组最剧。心率（HR0P组较稳定,S组诱导后持续性增快,插管内5min渐恢复,E组在插管即刻、1min显著性增快。脉率血氧饱和度（SpO2）各时值、各组间均无显著性差异。呼气末二氧化碳（PETCO2）P组诱导后、插管后1min有显著性差异。结论 异丙酚对循环的抑制轻于硫喷妥钠,对减轻插管是地的应激反应优于乙咪酯,是目前应用较多、较好的全麻诱导药。     

三药联合诱导对气管插管心血管反应的预防作用

目的: 比较静脉麻醉药三药联合诱导对气管插管心血管反应的预防作用。方法: 60例随机分为3组,分别以硫喷妥钠、丙泊酚和依托咪酯为主药,各以咪达唑仑和芬太尼为辅药的三药联合麻醉诱导,观察对气管插管前后血压和心率变化。结果: 气管插管时,硫喷妥钠组心率较基础值略有增快(P>0。05),而丙泊酚和依托咪酯组无明显变化;硫喷妥钠和依托咪酯组血压无明显变化,丙泊酚组则显著低于基础值(P<0。05)。诱导及插管后,丙泊酚组低血压和心动过缓发生例数稍高于硫喷妥钠组,而依托咪酯组无低血压发生。结论: 三药联合诱导时,丙泊酚可完全消除气管插管心血管反应,但易引起低血压和心动过缓,而硫喷妥钠和依托咪酯则只能分别消除血压升高和心率加快。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.