远志散对东莨菪碱致记忆获得性障碍模型小鼠行为学和脑内AchE活性的影响

【目的】观察远志散对东莨菪碱致记忆获得性障碍模型小鼠行为学及脑内乙酰胆碱酯酶(AchE)活性的影响。【方法】将60只昆明种小鼠按体质量随机分为空白组,模型组,阳性药组,远志散低、中、高剂量组。除空白组和模型组给予等体积生理盐水,其他各组给予相应药物10 d后,腹腔注射东莨菪碱(3 mg/kg)复制记忆获得性障碍模型。造模结束后,采用Morris水迷宫和跳台试验观察小鼠学习记忆能力,行为学测试结束后检测各组小鼠脑内AchE活性。【结果】与模型组比较,各治疗组均可缩短模型小鼠Morris水迷宫试验逃避潜伏期(P0.05),增加有效区停留时间及游泳路程(P0.05),延长跳台试验的潜伏期(P0.05),降低模型小鼠脑内AchE活性(P0.05)。各治疗组组间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。【结论】远志散对东莨菪碱致记忆获得性障碍模型小鼠的学习记忆能力有一定的改善作用,可能与抑制脑内AchE活性有关。     

桃仁提取物改善小鼠学习记忆障碍作用的研究

目的 研究桃仁乙醇提取物对3种药物所致小鼠学习记忆障碍的作用及其机制.方法 采用避暗和水迷宫试验,应用东莨菪碱、氯霉素和乙醇建立记忆获得障碍、记忆巩固障碍和记忆再现障碍模型,观察静脉注射桃仁乙醇提取物10d后对小鼠学习记忆的影响,同时测定记忆再现障碍小鼠脑内丙二醛(MDA)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性.结果 东莨菪碱模型:桃仁乙醇提取物(2.4、1.2和0.6 g/kg)组使避暗错误次数减少;桃仁乙醇提取物(2.4、1.2g/kg)组使潜伏期时间延长,还可使水迷宫错误次数减少;桃仁乙醇提取物(2.4g/kg)组和脑复康组水迷宫到达时间缩短.氯霉素模型:桃仁乙醇提取物(2.4和1.2g/kg)组使避暗错误次数减少;桃仁乙醇提取物(2.4、1.2和0.6g/kg)组和脑复康组可使水迷宫错误次数减少;桃仁乙醇提取物(2.4g/kg)组和脑复康组小鼠的水迷宫到达时间缩短.乙醇模型:桃仁乙醇提取物(2.4和1.2 g/kg)组使避暗错误次数减少,潜伏期时间延长,同时提高脑中SOD活性、降低MDA的含量.结论 桃仁乙醇提取物改善小鼠学习记忆的功能与脑复康比的作用更为显著,对乙醇诱导的小鼠学习记忆有一定改善作用,其机制可能与抗过氧化作用有关.     

龙眼肉醇提取物对东莨菪碱所致学习记忆获得性障碍大鼠学习记忆的影响

目的：探讨龙眼肉醇提取物（ALE）对东莨菪碱所致学习记忆获得性障碍大鼠学习记忆的影响及其可能的作用机制。方法：将50只雄性大鼠随机分5组,连续灌胃21 d。第16天开始采用Morris水迷宫进行行为学测试,测试前20 min,除空白组腹腔注射生理盐水外,其余各组均腹腔注射东莨菪碱溶液,连续6 d。第21天测试结束后采集血清、海马和脑皮质标本,检测各组各标本中抗氧化能力相关指标。结果：与空白组比较,模型组有明显的学习记忆障碍,各标本超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活性显著下降,丙二醛（MDA）含量明显升高（P〈0.01）;与模型组比较,ALE各组均能明显改善大鼠的学习记忆障碍,显著提高各标本SOD和GSH-Px活性,明显降低MDA含量（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。结论：ALE对东莨菪碱所致大鼠学习记忆获得性障碍有明显的改善作用,其作用机制可能与其抗氧化作用密切相关。     

桑椹补脑膏对东莨菪碱所致记忆获得障碍小鼠学习记忆能力影响

目的:研究桑椹补脑膏对东莨菪碱所致记忆获得障碍小鼠学习记忆的影响并初步探讨其作用机制。方法:KM小鼠60只,随机分为6组,即空白对照组,模型对照组,阳性对照药吡拉西坦1.4 g/kg组,桑椹补脑膏1.3、2.6、3.9 g/kg组,每组10只。灌胃给予等容积药物或生理盐水,每日1次,连续35 d。于末次给药后1 h,东莨菪碱造模,采用跳台法测试小鼠学习、记忆能力,采用比色法测定小鼠脑组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性和丙二醛(MDA)的含量。结果:桑椹补脑膏能明显改善模型小鼠的学习能力和记忆能力,提高小鼠脑组织中SOD活性,降低MDA含量。结论:桑椹补脑膏能明显改善东莨菪碱所致小鼠学习记忆障碍,其作用机制可能和提高脑内SOD活性、降低MDA含量有关。     

黑逍遥散对AD小鼠学习记忆及抗氧化能力的影响

目的研究黑逍遥散对氢溴酸东莨菪碱所致老年性痴呆(Alzheimer’s Disease,AD)模型小鼠学习记忆及抗氧化能力的影响。方法将60只SPF级小鼠随机分为5组,即空白对照组、模型对照组、黑逍遥散组、逍遥散组及精简方组,每组12只。空白对照组、模型对照组给予生理盐水,黑逍遥散组、逍遥散组及精简方组分别给予相应生药水煎液,连续灌胃45 d,其中给药第41~45 d,除空白对照组外,其余各组小鼠均腹腔注射氢溴酸东莨菪碱2.0 mg/(kg.d)进行造模,造模半小时后进行水迷宫学习能力训练,连续训练5 d;造模完成后间隔1 d,即第47 d进行水迷宫记忆能力测试。学习记忆能力测试完毕后,处死小鼠,取其脑组织,测定小鼠脑组织匀浆中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果黑逍遥散、逍遥散及精简方均可显著提高小鼠学习记忆能力及脑组织匀浆中SOD活性,降低潜伏时间及MDA含量,但以黑逍遥散作用最为明显。结论黑逍遥散对氢溴酸东莨菪碱引起的小鼠学习记忆能力障碍有明显的改善作用,其作用可能与抗自由基氧化有关。     

茯神散加减方对小鼠学习记忆的影响及机制初探

目的观察茯神散加减方对正常小鼠及学习记忆障碍模型小鼠的影响,探索其可能机制,为治疗轻度认知障碍提供实验依据。方法将健康成熟的昆明种小鼠随机分成正常组、模型组、吡拉西坦组(0.6 g/kg)和茯神散加减方低、中、高剂量(5.6、11.2、22.4 g/kg)组。从行为学方面应用自主活动仪、Morris水迷宫、避暗法、跳台法,考察茯神散加减方对小鼠自主活动及化学物质造成的记忆获得、记忆巩固和记忆再现障碍的作用,用比色法测定小鼠皮层乙酰胆碱酯酶(Ach E)、过氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性和丙二醛(MDA)的含量。结果与正常组比较,茯神散加减方低、中剂量组可明显增加小鼠进入新环境0~15 min内的探索行为(P0.01)而对之后15~30 min内的活动没有显著影响,并可以提高正常小鼠在水迷宫测试中的学习记忆成绩。与模型组比较,茯神散加减方各剂量组能明显改善记忆获得障碍小鼠的学习记忆能力(P0.01),中剂量组可以显著改善记忆再现障碍小鼠的学习记忆表现(P0.01),显著降低小鼠脑皮层Ach E活性,增加SOD活性,减少MDA的生成(P0.01)。结论茯神散加减方可以改善由东莨菪碱、亚硝酸钠、乙醇造成的小鼠记忆获得、巩固、再现障碍,并能增加小鼠对新环境的探索行为,对其自主活动无明显影响。其改善记忆障碍的作用机制可能与降低脑组织Ach E活性及MDA含量、增加SOD活性有关。     

独活乙醇提取物对阿尔茨海默病模型小鼠学习记忆能力及相关酶的影响

目的：观察独活乙醇提取物对阿尔茨海默病（AD）模型小鼠学习记忆能力、脑组织乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）活性及血清超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活力的影响,以探讨其作用机制。方法：注射D-半乳糖和亚硝酸钠的方法建立AD小鼠模型。将昆明种小鼠40只随机分为4组,即：正常组、模型组、独活醇提物4g/kg和1g/kg剂量组。除正常组外其余各组腹腔注射D-半乳糖120g/（kg.日）、亚硝酸钠90g/（kg.日）,正常组腹腔注射等量的生理盐水。同时药物组灌胃独活醇提物4g、1g/（kg.日）。正常组、模型组灌胃等量的蒸馏水,给药8周后观察独活乙醇提取物对小鼠学习记忆能力,脑组织AChE及血清SOD活力的影响。结果：与模型组比较独活乙醇提取物4g/kg、1g/kg剂量组能明显改善AD模型小鼠的学习记忆能力（P〈0.05）,且提高血清SOD活力（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）,降低脑组织AChE活性（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。结论：独活醇提取物可通过改善学习记忆能力,提高血清SOD活力,降低脑组织AChE活性等方面来延缓AD的发生。     

枸杞山茱萸水煎液对东莨菪碱致小鼠记忆获得障碍模型的影响

目的研究枸杞山茱萸对东莨菪碱所致的小鼠记忆障碍的改善作用。方法以腹腔注射东莨菪碱的方法制作小鼠记忆获得障碍模型;以穿梭箱、跳台和水迷宫实验,观察枸杞山茱萸对小鼠记忆的改善作用。结果枸杞山茱萸（7.5～30 g/kg）能显著减少小鼠在穿梭箱实验中遭受电击的时间;减少小鼠在跳台实验中的错误次数,延长跳台潜伏期;30 g/kg枸杞山茱萸可缩短小鼠在水迷宫实验中的潜伏期,减少错误次数。结论枸杞山茱萸对东莨菪碱所致的小鼠记忆障碍有改善作用。     

芸香苷对东莨菪碱致小鼠记忆障碍的改善作用

目的 观察芸香苷对东莨菪碱致小鼠记忆障碍的改善作用.方法 将小鼠随机分为正常组,模型组,芸香苷高、中、低剂量组,给药组灌胃给予不同剂量芸香苷,每天1次,连续14 d,采用Morris水迷宫检测小鼠空间位置记忆能力,行为学实验前30 min腹腔注射1 mg/kg东莨菪碱,测定脑组织中SOD活性、MDA含量及AchE活性,...     

慢性铝中毒小鼠学习记忆与大脑皮层ACh、β-EP、SOD及MDA关系的研究

目的通过观察慢性铝中毒小鼠学习记忆能力的变化以及大脑皮层乙酰胆碱(ACh)、β-内啡肽(β-EP)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和丙二醛(MDA)含量的变化,探讨铝中毒导致小鼠认知能力障碍的机制。方法用Al Cl3水溶液拌入饲料中喂养小鼠,建立不同程度铝中毒模型小鼠。染毒三个月后,Y型迷宫实验测试小鼠学习记忆能力,测定大脑皮层ACh、β-EP、SOD和MDA含量。结果与对照组相比,中剂量、高剂量铝中毒组小鼠学习测试次数和记忆错误次数均明显增多,大脑皮层ACh、β-EP和SOD含量均明显降低,而大脑皮层MDA含量却升高。中剂量、高剂量铝中毒组小鼠大脑皮层中ACh、β-EP和SOD均与相应同剂量组学习测试次数和记忆错误次数均呈负相关;高剂量铝中毒组MDA含量与同剂量组学习测试次数和记忆错误次数均呈正相关。结论铝可能通过降低大脑皮层中ACh、β-EP和SOD含量,提高MDA含量,进而影响小鼠学习与记忆能力,这可能是铝中毒致小鼠认知能力障碍的机制之一。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.