冠心病支架术后行非心脏手术围手术期的抗栓治疗

目的探讨冠心病药物涂层支架置入患者行非心脏手术围手术期的抗栓治疗策略。方法选择2010年1月至2013年6月,因冠心病置入药物涂层支架服用双联抗血小板药物期间因外科疾病需手术治疗的16例患者,术前3～5 d停用双联抗血小板药物,应用替罗非班0.1μg/(kg.min)持续泵入,术前8 h停用替罗非班,外科手术后若无明显出血情况,在术后24～48 h恢复氯吡格雷、阿司匹林双联抗血小板治疗。观察围手术期及3个月随访期主要心血管事件以及出血事件的发生情况。结果 16例患者围手术期未发生心血管事件,未发生大出血事件,发生轻微出血2例。结论药物涂层支架置入术后近期行非心脏手术患者围手术期应用血小板表面糖蛋白Ⅱb/Ⅲa受体拮抗剂替代双联抗血小板药物是有效和安全的。但本研究的例数偏少,有必要进行大规模随机对照研究进一步证实     

替罗非班治疗急性冠脉综合征临床观察

目的观察血小板GPⅡb/Ⅲa受体拮抗剂替罗非班治疗急性冠脉综合征(ACS)的临床效果和安全性。方法70例急性冠脉综合征患者随机、双盲分为替罗非班静脉应用组(n=35)与常规治疗组(n=35),疗程36小时,终点事件是36h和30天的复合缺血事件(死亡、新发心梗、顽固心肌缺血)。结果36h及30天的复合缺血事件发生率,受试组低于对照组(36h:2.9%vs22.9%,30天:5.7%vs35.7%,P<0.001),替罗非班组肌钙蛋白T(cTnT)峰值水平明显低于对照组,出血并发症在两组之间差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论替罗非班在ACS标准治疗基础上能进一步减少心肌缺血事件,并能减少心肌细胞的损伤,且安全性较好。     

替罗非班在老年急性心肌梗死急诊冠状动脉介入治疗围手术期应用的研究

血小板膜糖蛋白(GP)Ⅱb/Ⅲa受体拮抗剂通过阻断纤维蛋白原受体与GPⅡb/Ⅲa复合物结合,抑制血小板聚集的最后通路,有效地抑制血小板聚集,而发挥抗血栓作用。急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)开通梗死相关动脉是重建冠状动脉灌流最有效的手段。但老年急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者,尽管急诊PCI能使冠状动脉达到良好的再通,但心肌灌注无复流、慢复流现象发生率较高。本研究旨在探讨国产抗血小板药物———GPⅡb/Ⅲa受体拮抗剂盐酸替罗非班在老年AMI急诊PCI围手术期应用的疗效及安全性。1资料与方法选择我院2005年9月~2006年6月间经临床确诊为初…     

替罗非班联合尿激酶治疗急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死临床疗效和安全性观察

急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死是冠状动脉急性闭塞导致血流中断所引起的局部心肌缺血性坏死,其病情较重,死亡率较高,是造成心源性死亡的重要原因之一.急诊静脉溶栓治疗是急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死再灌注治疗的重要方法之一.常规溶栓治疗梗死相关动脉开通率较低,死亡率较高[1].血小板糖蛋白Ⅱb/Ⅲa受体拮抗剂替罗非班可有效的拮抗血小板作用,减少血栓负荷和提高溶栓成功率,降低死亡率[2].我们探讨替罗非班联合尿激酶溶栓治疗急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死的临床疗效及安全性.     

支架术后患者非心脏手术的围术期抗血小板治疗

目前越来越多的患者接受冠状动脉造影及冠脉支架植入术,冠状动脉支架术后双重抗血小板治疗成为冠心病支架术后防止血栓形成及再发心肌梗死的重要手段,但支架植入术后非心脏手术及侵入性操作会增加血栓形成的风险,医生不得不面临术前停用双重抗血小板治疗避免出血及围术期血栓形成的两难境地.基于此,既往回顾性的研究表明停用抗血小板治疗产生...     

冠状动脉内注射替罗非班对急性冠状动脉综合征患者血栓前状态的影响

目的:观察冠状动脉(冠脉)内注射血小板GPⅡb/Ⅲa受体拮抗剂(盐酸替罗非班)对急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者血栓前状态的影响及临床安全性。方法:77例接受PCI的ACS患者,随机分为A组(予以冠脉替罗非班治疗,38例)、B组(予以静脉替罗非班治疗,39例);测定PCI时病变血管TIMI血流、校正TIMI计帧数(cTFC)以及术后30d心血管事件和出血并发症发生率,观察PCI术前及术后冠状窦血清中血管性血友病因子(vWF)及血小板α-颗粒膜蛋白(GMP-140)水平变化。结果:术后A、B两组PCI后即刻TIMI血流差异无统计学意义,A组cTFC明显低于B组(P<0.05)。两组PCI术后30d心血管事件及出血并发症发生率差异无统计学意义。A组PCI术后即刻冠状窦血清vWF及GMP-140水平较术前显著降低(P<0.05),且A组明显低于B组(P<0.05)。结论:ACS患者PCI时冠脉内注射替罗非班较静脉注射能够更有效地抑制血小板活化,改善血栓前状态。     

替罗非班在急性ST段抬高心肌梗死急诊介入治疗中的应用

冠状动脉粥样斑块破裂或蚀损及继发性血栓形成是导致急性心肌梗死(AMl)的主要发病机制。近年来随着ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的广泛开展,及多重抗血小板药物的联合治疗,明显降低了AMI患者的死亡率及再梗死率等不良心血管事件。国内外众多研究已证实糖蛋白(GP)Ⅱb/Ⅲa受体拮抗剂的应用可以提供有效的抗血小板作用,减少血栓负荷和继发的远端微循环栓塞,有助于真正恢复冠脉血流和心肌组织水平灌注,使PCI前后获益。     

替罗非班联合低分子肝素治疗不稳定型心绞痛

目的研究替罗非班联合低分子肝素治疗不稳定型心绞痛的疗效与安全性。方法将98例不稳定型心绞痛患者随机分为试验组和对照组。试验组给予替罗非班＋低分子肝素，对照组仅给予低分子肝素。观察两组患者48h内心绞痛缓解情况，30天内的心源性死亡、非致死性心肌梗死、血运重建（PCI或CABG）以及48h内、30天内严重出血的发生情况。结果试验组心绞痛控制优于对照组，终点事件发生低于对照组（P〈0．05）。两组48h内、30天内严重出血情况差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论在低分子肝素基础上加用替罗非班治疗不稳定型心绞痛能进一步获益，不增加严重出血的发生。     

急性非ST段抬高心肌梗死患者介入治疗联合替罗非班的疗效观察

目的 评价血小板糖蛋白Ⅱb/Ⅲa受体抑制剂替罗非班用于急性非ST段抬高心肌梗死(NSTEMI)患者介入治疗近期的安全性和有效性.方法 2007年9月至2009年5月我科收治的拟行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的NSTEMI患者120例,随机分为替罗非班组(60例)及对照组(60例),所有患者PCI术前均常规联合应用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和低分子肝素.比较两组治疗后的复合缺血事件的发生率,以及用药后出血等并发症发生率.结果 两组1周内均无死亡,无颅内出血等并发症发生.替罗非班组复合缺血事件发生5例(8.3%),对照组复合缺血事件发生10例(16.6%).复合缺血事件的发生率两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),出血等并发症发生率两组比较差异无统计学意义.结论 PCI术后在常规治疗基础上加用替罗非班,能降低近期心血管事件的发生,出血事件较对照组无显著增加,证明替罗非班在早期冠心病介入治疗中使用安全而有效.     

替罗非班联合药物涂层支架治疗不稳定型心绞痛28例疗效观察

近年来，药物涂层支架的临床应用明显改善了不稳定型心绞痛（UAP）患者的预后，但仍有较高的急性、亚急性支架内血栓形成发生率。2007年11月～2008年7月，我们对28例UAP患者行药物支架植入后应用国产血小板膜糖蛋白Ⅱb／Ⅲa（GPⅡ／b／Ⅲa）受体拮抗剂替罗非班，现探讨其疗效及安全性。     

Bare‐metal stent thrombosis after noncardiac surgery greater than 10 years after stent implantation

We present a case of bare‐metal stent thrombosis (ST) in a saphenous vein graft (SVG) after antiplatelet therapy cessation occurring in the setting of noncardiac surgery (NCS) greater than 10 years after stent implantation. This report represents the longest interval of ST in the setting of NCS and the longest interval between stent implantation and ST in a SVG. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

The risk of cardiac complications following noncardiac surgery in patients with drug eluting stents implanted at least six months before surgery

Aims : Given the anecdotal reports and case series suggesting that drug-eluting coronary stents [DES] may be still vulnerable to coronary thrombosis after six months, we sought to assess this risk in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery six months after stenting. Methods and Results : Linking the Rabin Medical Centre interventional cardiology database with its non-cardiac surgical database, we identified 78 patients who underwent DES placement and subsequently [after six months] had noncardiac surgery [15-vascular, 37- abdominal and genitourinary and 26-others, excluding ophthalmic surgery]. Outcome measures included 30-day rate of postoperative myocardial infarction (MI), DES-related thrombosis, and cardiac mortality. Major adverse cardiac events [death and non-fatal MI] occurred in 6 (7.7%) patients including 2 cardiac deaths (2.6%), 4 (5.1%) non-fatal myocardial infarctions (MIs). Two patients (2.6%) sustained stent thrombosis [one patient had ‘definite’ and one ‘probable’ stent thrombosis]. All MIs [including stent thrombosis] occurred in the vascular and abdominal surgery group. Two of the MIs events occurred while the patients were on dual antiplatelet agents. In conclusions : Perioperative cardiac events during non cardiac surgery after six months of DES deployment still occur. These cardiac complications [not entirely prevented by continued dual antiplatelet agents] remain a matter of diagnostic and therapeutic challenge and concern. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Frequency and risk of noncardiac surgery after drug‐eluting stent implantation

Background : Few studies have described the frequency and risk of surgery after drug‐eluting stent (DES) implantation. Methods : The medical records of 827 consecutive patients who received a DES at our institution between January 1, 2005 and July 1, 2008 were retrospectively reviewed to determine the outcomes of patients who subsequently underwent noncardiac surgery. Results : During a median follow‐up of 21 months, 135 patients underwent 191 noncardiac surgeries. The incidence of noncardiac surgery was 7% at 1 year, 18% at 2 years, and 22% at 3 years. Mean age was 62 years and 96% were men. A perioperative complication occurred in 19 surgeries (10%): excessive bleeding in 11 patients (6%), myocardial infarction in four patients (2%), acute renal failure in one patient (0.5%), hypotension and syncope in one patient (0.5%) and postoperative death in three patients (1.6%). Stent thrombosis occurred in one patient (0.5%). A complication occurred in six of 58 surgeries (10%) in which patients received perioperative clopidogrel vs. 13 of 133 surgeries (10%) in which patients did not receive perioperative clopidogrel (P = 0.90). Complications occurred in three of 25 surgeries performed within 6 months (16%), in four of 37 surgeries performed between 6 and 12 months (11%), and in 12 of 129 surgeries performed after >12 months (9%) from DES implantation (P = 0.90). Conclusion : Noncardiac surgery is frequently needed in the years after DES implantation and appears to carry a low risk of stent thrombosis and perioperative complications. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Efficacy and safety of low-dose clopidogrel after 12-month dual antiplatelet therapy for patients having drug-eluting stent implantation

Background

To prevent stent thrombosis (ST) after implantation of drug-eluting stents (DESs) in patients with coronary heart disease, 12-month dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) is recommended. However, the optimal long-term antiplatelet regimen is not clear for the patients who have completed the 12-month DAPT.

Methods

We reviewed the data of 755 consecutive patients who had undergone percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) three years ago and completed 12-month DAPT. They were divided into three groups according to the antiplatelet medication they had used for two years after 12-month DAPT [low-dose clopidogrel (Talcom^®, 25mg/d), clopidogrel (Plavix^®, 75mg/d) and aspirin (100 mg/d)]. The efficacy (a composite incidence of cardiac death, myocardial infarction and target vessel revascularization) and safety (incidences of bleeding, gastrointestinal trouble and drug discontinuation) were compared among the three groups.

Results

The rates of multi-vessel lesions, prior MI, hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly higher in the clopidogrel (75 mg/day) group than in the other two groups (P>0.05 for both comparisons). There was no significant difference in the overall composite incidence of cardiac death, myocardial infarction and target vessel revascularization in the three groups at three years after PCI. The rates of bleeding (especially minor bleeding), gastrointestinal trouble, drug discontinuation and any blood transfusion were markedly lower in the low-dose clopidogrel (25 mg/d) group than in the other two treatment groups (P<0.05).

Conclusions

The 25-mg maintenance dose of clopidogrel after 12-month DAPT may be more preferable to Chinese patients who have undergone DES implantation, because of its lower cost but no less efficacy and safety.     

不同双重抗血小板治疗时间对药物洗脱支架极晚期血栓患者预后的影响

目的：分析药物洗脱支架（DES）术后发生极晚期支架内血栓（VLST）的患者接受双重抗血小板治疗（DAPT）的情况,探讨不同DAPT持续时间对患者远期预后的影响。方法2006年1月至2013年2月,首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院心脏中心共完成3945例急诊冠状动脉造影,入选经急诊造影证实为VLST的患者。根据随访期间是否仍持续使用DAPT,将患者分为持续DAPT组和对照组。比较两组患者的临床资料、造影及介入治疗资料以及抗血小板药物治疗情况。临床主要不良心血管事件（MACE）包括随访期间的非致死性心肌梗死（MI）,再发支架内血栓（ST）,靶血管重建率（TVR）以及死亡。探讨不同DAPT持续时间对患者远期预后的影响,并分析随访期间发生MACE的预测因素。结果共计有62例VLST患者纳入研究,其中男性55例,女性7例,年龄41～82（58.6±10.2）岁。VLST距第1次DES置入时间为12.5～84（38.7±18.1）个月。住院期间脑出血死亡1例,存活的61例患者随访5～88（32.1±19.1）个月。随访期间,又有17例患者出现MACE,Kaplan-Meier生存率分析提示无事件生存率为45.1%。末次随访时,坚持持续DAPT的患者38例,其中5例（13.2%）发生MACE,事件发生率明显低于对照组（54.2%,P＝0.001）。根据是否发生MACE事件将所有患者分为两组,Cox单因素分析提示再次置入第一代DES[危害率（hazard ratio,HR）：2.69,P＝0.04]和持续DAPT（HR：0.25,P＝0.01）为远期随访中MACE相关的预测因素。而多因素Cox分析则提示仅有持续DAPT是随访期间不发生MACE的唯一预测因素（HR：0.30,95% CI：0.09～0.97,P＝0.04）。结论 DES术后VLST患者远期预后情况欠佳,事件发生率较高。坚持DAPT可能有助于减少远期不良事件的发生。     

盐酸替罗非班在急性心肌梗死患者介入治疗中的临床研究

目的评价盐酸替罗非班在急性ST段抬高心肌梗死(STEMI)患者冠状动脉介入治疗中的疗效和安全性。方法将310例接受冠状动脉急诊介入治疗的STEMI患者随机分为实验组和对照组各155例,均使用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和肝素,实验组加用盐酸替罗非班,比较两组梗死相关血管开通后血流情况、ST段回落幅度、左室射血分数(LVEF)、住院期间主要不良心血管事件(MACE)发生率及出血、血小板减少等不良反应。结果与对照组比较,实验组校正TIMI帧数、无复流现象(TIMI 0～1级)降低(P均<0.05),术后90 min ST段回落幅度及术后1周LVEF值较高(P均<0.05)。两组MACE及不良反应发生率无统计学差异(P均>0.05)。结论急诊PCI前静脉应用盐酸替罗非班可以降低无复流发生率。     

低剂量替罗非班在老年急性ST段抬高心肌梗死急诊冠脉介入治疗中的应用

目的探讨低剂量替罗非班在老年急性ST段抬高心肌梗死(STEMI)患者(≥75岁)急诊经皮冠脉介入(PCI)治疗中应用的疗效及安全性。方法前瞻性入选2009年3月至2013年3月因STEMI行急诊PCI的老年患者172例,随机分为标准剂量组、低剂量组及对照组。标准剂量组术前给予替罗非班10μg/kg在3 min内静脉推注,然后以0.10~0.15μg/(kg·min)静脉滴注维持48 h。低剂量组术前给予负荷量(5μg/kg)在3 min内静脉推注后以0.05~0.075μg/(kg·min)静脉滴注维持24 h。对照组术前仅应用基础用药:阿司匹林300 mg和氯吡格雷300 mg顿服。比较3组患者开通梗死相关动脉(IRA)后心肌梗死溶栓(TIMI)及心肌再灌注(MBG)2~3级血流率,术后90min心电图ST段回落百分比(sum-STR);术后左室射血分数(LVEF)、左室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)和左室收缩末期内径(LVESD)的变化;术后主要心脏不良事件(死亡、再梗死、靶血管重建和脑卒中)及出血、消化道不良症状的发生率。结果标准剂量组和低剂量组的TIMI及MBG 2~3级血流率较对照组高(P0.05),标准剂量组与低剂量组间差异无统计学意义;标准剂量组和低剂量组术后90 min sumSTR50%比例较对照组高,标准剂量组与低剂量组无统计学差异;3组患者住院期间不良事件发生率无统计学差异;低剂量组的出血发生率低于标准剂量组,差异有统计学意义(6.78%比21.05%,P0.05),低剂量组和对照组的出血发生率无差异。结论在老年STEMI接受急诊PCI治疗的患者中,低剂量替罗非班在预防缺血方面的疗效与标准剂量替罗非班相当,但在出血风险方面的安全性明显升高。