结直肠癌及腺瘤患者CD4+、CD8+和CD28+T淋巴细胞的亚群变化及临床意义

背景与目的：结直肠癌（colorectal cancer,CRC）严重影响患者生存。探讨肿瘤微环境（tumor microenvironment,TME）T细胞亚群在CRC和腺瘤中的表达及意义。方法：用免疫组织化学法和流式细胞术对51例健康人（对照组）、46例结直肠腺瘤（腺瘤组）、100例CRC（癌症组）和15例CRC术后（癌术后组）患者进行T细胞亚群检测。结果：① 对照组、腺瘤组及癌症组3组中CD4⁺T细胞的阳性率分别是90.00%、43.75%及32.65%,CD8⁺T淋巴细胞的阳性率分别是30.00%、56.25%及75.51%,CD28⁺T淋巴细胞的阳性率分别是42.86%、30.00%及20.00%。② 对照组、腺瘤组及癌症组3组中CD4⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺、CD28⁺、CD8⁺CD28⁺和CD8^－CD28⁺逐渐降低,CD8⁺、CD8⁺CD28^－逐渐增加（P＜0.05）;癌术前术后T细胞亚群差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论：① CRC微环境T细胞亚群中CD4⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺、CD28⁺、CD8⁺CD28⁺和CD8^－CD28⁺呈递减趋势,CD8⁺、CD8⁺CD28^－呈递增趋势,且在癌前病变腺瘤中已逐步出现上述趋势变化。② CRC患者行肿瘤切除术后,其T细胞亚群有所恢复,故在一定程度上,CRC中T细胞亚群的变化可以早期预测结直肠疾病的发展。     

T-Cell Membrane CD45RA (2H4) and CD45RO (UCHL1) Determinants: I, Diverse Patterns of Expression in Mature (Post-Thymic) T-Cell Proliferations

By simultaneous two- and three-colour flow cytometry, this study analysed the expression of membrane CD45RA (2H4) and CD45RO (UCHL1) determinants by normal thymocytes (n = 5) and peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations (CD4⁺, n = 21; CD8⁺, n = 12; CD8^dim+, n = 12) and compared these patterns with those of T-cells from representative CD4⁺CD8^- (n = 8), CD4⁺CD8⁺ (n = 2), CD4^-CD8⁺ (n = 10) and CD4^-CD8^- (n = 1) proliferations. These comprised cases of prolymphocytic leukaemia (T-PLL, n = 5), adult T-cell leukaemia-lymphoma (ATLL, n = 2), Sezary Syndrome (SS, n = 4), chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (T-CLL, n = 4), and lymphoproliferative disease of granular lymphocytes (LDGL, n = 5). Normal thymocyte fractions, of which a mean of 85% cells co-expressed membrane CD4 and CD8, were predominantly (mean 89%) 2H4^-UCHL1⁺ with the remaining cells consisting of 2H4^intUCHL1⁺ and 2H4⁺UCHL1^- components. Further analysis showed that virtually all CDla⁺ thymocytes were UCHL1⁺ whereas the CD1a^- fraction comprised similar proportions of both UCHL1^- and UCHL1⁺ subpopulations. Similarly, normal blood CD4⁺, CD8⁺ and CD8^dim+ lymphocytes showed reciprocal CD45RA/CD45RO expression and could be phenotypically grouped into 2H4⁺UCHL1^- 2H4^intUCHL1⁺ and 2H4^-UCHL1⁺ subpopulations. Mean proportions of 48% and 68%, for CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ lymphocytes respectively, showed a composite 2H4⁺UCHL1^- phenotype, whereas the percentage of NK-associated CD8^dim+ cells with this phenotypic pattern was considerably higher (mean, 85%). Normal lymphocyte subpopulations lacking both determinants (2H4^-UCHL1^-) were only rarely noted. Comparing normal patterns of CD45RA/CD45RO expression with those of the T-cell proliferations revealed diverse and abnormal patterns of staining for 3/6 of the CD4⁺CD8^- SS and ATLL, and for 5/5 of the T-PLL (CD4⁺CD8^-, n = 2; CD4⁺CD8⁺, n = 2; and CD4^-CD8⁺, n = 1) cases studied. In contrast, the nine cases of CD4^-CD8⁺ T-CLL and LDGL all showed CD45RA/CD45RO staining patterns similar to that of normal CD8⁺/CD8^dim+ blood lymphocytes (i.e. a predominance of 2H4⁺UCHL1^- cells). Although the variant CD45RA/CD45RO pattern types of the CD4⁺ proliferations did not appear to be related to either the diagnostic category or other phenotypic characteristics, the high proportion of abnormal patterns within this case group suggests that recognition of these abnormalities may be potentially relevant to the differentiation of benign and malignant CD4⁺ proliferations and, in addition, may be of aetiological importance with respect to the diverse acquired defects in immunity commonly seen in patients with such disorders.     

Human epithelial ovarian carcinoma cell-derived cytokines cooperatively induce activated CD4+CD25−CD45RA+ naïve T cells to express forkhead box protein 3 and exhibit suppressive ability in vitro

Regulatory T cells play an important role in tumor escape from host antitumor immunity. Increased frequencies of CD4⁺CD25⁺ regulatory T cells have been documented in the tumor sites, malignant effusions, and peripheral blood of patients with ovarian carcinoma. However, the mechanism involved remains unclear. In the present study, we collected high-purity human CD4⁺CD25⁻CD45RA⁺ naïve T cells by microbead cell separation. These cells did not express FOXP3 by single-cell analysis, and few cells expressed FOXP3 when they were activated with anti-CD3/CD28 dual signal. However, more cells expressed FOXP3 when the supernatant of human epithelial ovarian carcinoma cell culture was added, yet not the supernatant of normal human ovarian surface epithelia cell culture. Neutralization assays revealed that neutralizing antibody against transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), interleukin-10, and interleukin-4 did not abrogate elevated FOXP3 expression induced by carcinoma cell culture supernatant, whereas neutralizing leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) partially abrogated FOXP3 expression, but LIF alone could not increase FOXP3 expression in activated naïve T cells. Further, an in vitro coculture suppression assay showed that these cells could suppress the proliferation of autologous CD4⁺CD25⁻CD45RA⁻ T cells. In summary, our findings show that ovarian carcinoma cells are able to induce expression of FOXP3 and exhibit suppressive ability in activated naïve T cells by producing soluble substances, and multiple cytokines involve in the induction of FOXP3 expression. ( Cancer Sci 2009)     

CD4+/CD8+ T淋巴细胞在肝细胞癌组织中的浸润及与预后的相关性研究

目的 检测CD4⁺/CD8⁺ T淋巴细胞在肝细胞癌（hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC）组织中的浸润程度,并分析其与预后的相关性。方法 收集行肝切除术的HCC患者215例,采用免疫组化技术检测CD4⁺/CD8⁺ T淋巴细胞在HCC癌组织中的浸润程度,根据浸润情况比较患者肝切除术后无瘤生存率和总生存率。结果 CD4⁺ T淋巴细胞高浸润和低浸润比例分别为60.9%和39.1%。CD4⁺ T淋巴细胞高浸润组患者总生存率和无瘤生存率均显著高于低浸润组（P=0.015,P=0.038）。CD8⁺ T淋巴细胞高浸润和低浸润比例分别为34.9%和65.1%。CD8⁺ T淋巴细胞高浸润组患者的总生存率和无瘤生存率亦显著高于低浸润组患者（P=0.033,P=0.047）。结论 CD4⁺或CD8⁺ T淋巴细胞低浸润可能与HCC患者术后不良预后相关。     

过继性免疫治疗对非小细胞肺癌患者外周血T细胞亚群的影响

目的 研究细胞因子诱导的杀伤（cytokine-induced killer,CIK）细胞治疗对非小细胞肺癌（non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC）患者外周血T细胞亚群及一般情况的影响。方法 采集非小细胞肺癌患者外周血,常规方法体外扩增CIK细胞,分三次回输患者体内,流式细胞仪检测非小细胞肺癌患者治疗前与治疗3次后T细胞亚群的变化,分析其与健康对照组相比外周血T细胞亚群的差异,并观察CIK细胞治疗前后患者一般情况变化。结果 与对照组相比,NSCLC患者外周血中CD3⁺ T 细胞比例、CD3⁺CD4⁺T细胞比例、CD4⁺/CD8⁺ 比值显著下降（P<0.05）,CD3⁺CD8⁺ T细胞比例显著升高（P<0.05）。CIK细胞治疗后与治疗前,CD3⁺ T 细胞比例、CD3⁺CD4⁺ T细胞比例、CD4⁺/CD8⁺ T细胞比值显著升高（P<0.05）,CD3⁺CD8⁺ T细胞比例显著降低（P<0.05）。CIK细胞治疗后与对照组相比,CD3⁺ T 细胞比例、CD4⁺/CD8⁺T细胞比值显著下降（P<0.05）。CD3⁺CD4⁺ T细胞比例、CD3⁺CD8⁺ T细胞比例升高,但差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。CIK细胞治疗前Tregs较对照组显著升高（P<0.05）。CIK细胞治疗后与治疗前相比,Tregs比例显著下降（P<0.05）。结论 CIK细胞输注治疗可以增强NSCLC患者的免疫功能,并改善患者的一般情况,提高生活质量,且未见明显不良反应。     

Homing-Associated Cell Adhesion Molecule (H-CAM/CD44) on Human CD34+ Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells

Human CD34⁺ hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) express CD44 and can directly adhere to hyaluronate (HA) via CD44. Furthermore, CD44 may also be involved in the regulation of CD34⁺ HPC proliferation and development. The expression of CD44 molecules on CD34⁺ hematopoietic progenitor cells is significantly lower on bone marrow (BM) CD34⁺ cells compared with circulating CD34⁺ cells in cord blood and peripheral blood. Myeloid and erythroid progenitor cells are found predominantly in CD34⁺CD44^- cell fractions. More interestingly, CD34⁺CD44⁺ cells expressing B-lymphocyte-associated CD10 and CD19 would represent unique B-lymphocyte committed precursors in the BM, which might undergo apoptotic cell death in the early steps of B-cell differentiation.     

CD34+ CD90+ cells and late hematopoietic reconstitution after autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation

Autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) has been demonstrated to result in rapid, stable long-term engraftment. However, there has been considerable debate concerning the cells responsible for early and late hematopoietic reconstitution after PBSCT. Recently, CD34⁺ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells have been clearly divided into two subpopulations by flow cytometry; namely undifferentiated pluripotent stem cells and differentiated committed progenitor cells. However, only a few studies have defined which subset contained in graft products might be the most predictive for late hematopoietic reconstitution after PBSCT. In this review, we present updated information regarding the relationships between the number of infused CD34⁺ cells or their immature subsets such as CD34⁺CD90⁺ cells and the late hematopoietic reconstitution after PBSCT, and discuss the threshold dose of CD34⁺CD90⁺ cells required for sustained long-term engraftment.     

CD44+CD24-/low在基底样乳腺癌中过表达与其恶性预后的相关性研究

目的探讨乳腺癌干细胞样标志物CD44⁺CD24^-/low在基底样乳腺癌(basal-like breast carcinoma, BLBC)中过表达与BLBC恶性预后的相关性。方法 在乳腺癌基因表达分型的基础上, 根据雌激素受体(ER)、孕激素受体(PR)、人类表皮生长因子受体2(Her-2)免疫表型的表达选取乳腺癌组织四组:管腔A组、管腔B/C组、Her-2高表达组及三阴性组;对三阴性组检测CK5/6、EGFR, 分为正常乳腺样型和BLBC型两组;对上述5组进行免疫组化Envision法染色, 选用抗体为CD44、CD24, 观察CD44⁺CD24^-/low表型表达并比较BLBC组与其它各组的差异。结果 (1)三阴性组共60例, CK5/6和或EGFR阳性者41例(68.3%), 确定为BLBC;CK5/6、EGFR阴性者19例(31.7%), 确定为正常乳腺样组;(2)CD44⁺CD24^-/low表型在BLBC组中占78.0%(32/41), 相对于管腔A组37.9%(11/29)、管腔B组25.9%(7/27)、Her-2高表达组17.2%(5/29)、正常乳腺样组26.3%(5/21), 表达增高并具有显著性(P＜0.05);(3)所有150例乳腺癌中(可评价145例)具有CD44⁺CD24^-/low免疫表型者其Ki-67指数增高相对于非CD44⁺CD24^-/low表型具有统计学差异(P＜0.001)。结论 BLBC型乳腺癌表达乳腺癌干细胞样标志物CD44⁺CD24^-/low显著高于其它各型乳腺癌, CD44⁺CD24^-/low与BLBC独特的恶性生物学行为相关。     

Low molecular weight fraction secreted by SKOV3 cells expands peripheral CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells and enhances their suppressive capacity

The increase of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells in patients with ovarian carcinoma has been verified. Here we investigated the effects of supernatant derived from ovarian carcinoma cell SKOV3 on peripheral regulatory T cells. Supernatant from SKOV3 was collected and fractionated into three different molecular weight fractions (MWFs). The proliferation of the CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells cultured in complete RPMI 1640 medium with the different stimulators was detected. The phenotype (GITR and CTLA-4) of natural and expanded CD4+CD25+ T cells was detected by flow cytometry. Foxp3 mRNA expression of low MWF-expanded CD4+CD25+ T cells was detected by RT-PCR. Those expanded CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells showed enhanced capacity to suppress CD4+CD25− T proliferation and increased expression of GITR and CTLA-4. In brief, low molecular weight fraction of supernatant secreted by SKOV3 could expand peripheral CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells and enhance their suppressive function.     

中晚期宫颈鳞癌患者治疗前外周血Treg计数分析

背景与目的：中晚期宫颈鳞癌同期放化疗(concurrent chemoradiotherapy,CCRT)治疗前性价比高的疗效判断方法较有限,该研究拟通过检测治疗前外周血CD4⁺CD25⁺CD127^Low/-调节性T细胞(regulatory T cells,Tregs)亚群计数及血清鳞癌抗原(squamous cell carcinoma antigen,SCC-Ag)水平,评价两者预测临床疗效的可行性。方法：采集44例Ⅱ_B~Ⅳ_A期宫颈鳞癌患者行CCRT治疗前的外周血标本,分别利用流式细胞免疫表型分析和酶联免疫法检测外周血CD4⁺CD25⁺CD127^Low/- Treg计数及血清SCC-Ag水平。收集临床和病理资料,并统计检验2个指标对疗效的预测作用。结果：治疗前外周血CD4⁺CD25⁺CD127^Low/- Treg计数在临床有效组低于无效组［(8.78±2.80)% vs (10.95±2.56)%,P<0.05］,血清SCC-Ag在不同临床疗效组间差异无统计学意义,且这2个、指标之间未发现相关性(Spearman’rho=-0.093,P=0.540)。经受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线确定治疗前外周血CD4⁺CD25⁺CD127^Low/- Treg及血清SCC-Ag最佳界值分别为9.76%与9.50 ng/mL。单因素分析显示,治疗前外周血CD4⁺CD25⁺CD127^Low/- Treg计数(OR=1.901,95%CI：1.112~3.219,P=0.017)对CCRT疗效有预测作用,而血清SCC-Ag水平无预测作用(OR=0.998,95%CI：0.001~4.253,P=0.897)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,治疗前外周血CD4⁺CD25⁺CD127^Low/- Treg为独立的临床疗效预测因子(OR=3.115,95%CI：1.253~7.742,P=0.014)。结论：治疗前外周血CD4⁺CD25⁺CD127^Low/- Treg计数用于中晚期宫颈鳞癌患者CCRT临床疗效预测具有可行性。     

Ecto-5'-Nucleotidase (E5'-NT, 27.2, CD73), 27.1, Leu13, CD28 and LAM-1(Leu8) Antigens in Mycosis Fungoides (MF)

Two monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) B121 and B124 to the human lymphocyte differentiation antigen E5'-NT (CD73), and the MoAbs 27.2 and 27.1 that were raised to HTLV-1⁺CD4⁺CD25⁺ leukemic T cells were tested immunohistochemically on frozen sections of 13 cases of MF together with Leu13, CD28, LAM-1(Leu8) and other standard T-cell markers. Controls included 7(5T, 2B) non-MF cutaneous non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL), 2 cutaneous T lymphoid leukemias (T-ALL), 13 miscellaneous non-neoplastic dermatoses, 11(5T, 6B) extracutaneous NHL, and 5 splenic B-hairy cell leukemias. Previous studies suggest that 27.2 also recognizes the CD73 antigen and is present in high density in some cases of HTLV-1⁺ adult thymic leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) and HTLV-1^- Sezary syndrome (Y. Fukunaga et al., Blood 74:2486-2492, 1989). In the studies reported here B121, B124 and 27.2 reacted similarly with the MF and control samples tested. The CD73 antigen was present in the majority of lymphoid cells from 8 (62%) of 13 cases of MF. In one of these cases the CD73 antigen was detected only in the deeper and more pleomorphic MF dermal infiltrate. Although CD73 expression was noted in varying numbers of lymphocytes from many of the control benign and malignant lymphoproliferative lesions of the skin, none of the extracutaneous NHL or HCL cases tested showed significant numbers of CD73⁺ cells. Ten, 11 and 11 of the 13 MF cases also showed moderate to high numbers of cells reactive with 27.1, Leu13 and CD28, respectively. Most of the MF cases also showed moderate to high co-expression of βF1 (TCRβ), CD3 and CD4, and 9 cases showed moderate numbers of CD8+ cells as well. In contrast to the control dermatoses, where significant co-expression of the majority T-cell markers LAM-1(Leu8), CD5 and CD7 was the rule, 11 of the 13 MF cases showed significant loss of one or more of these antigens. One or more of these antigens was notably also lost with CD73 in 3 patients who had, or developed, systemic MF. The above results indicate that MF cases often co-express the CD73/27.2 antigen with 27.1, Leu13, CD28, βF1 (TCRβ), CD3 and CD4, and may show a concurrent absence of CD5, CD7 or LAM-1(Leu8) antigens with or without loss of CD73. The possible roles of CD73, Leu 13, CD28 and LAM-1(Leu8) in controlling cell proliferation, adhesion and migration in MF are discussed.     

肝细胞癌组织ICOS+T细胞的多重免疫组织化学检测及其预后价值研究

背景与目的：诱导共刺激分子（inducible costimulator,ICOS）属于B7-CD28免疫球蛋白超家族成员,表达于活化T细胞表面,在T细胞的激活和免疫应答中发挥重要作用;但目前对于ICOS及ICOS+ T细胞在肝细胞癌（hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC）肿瘤组织中的表达及其意义尚不清楚。该研究旨在测定ICOS、ICOS⁺ T细胞在HCC患者肿瘤组织中的表达情况并探讨其预后价值。方法：应用组织芯片（tissue microarrays,TMAs）和多重免疫组织化学技术（multiplex immunohistochemistry,mIHC）检测2006—2007年在复旦大学附属中山医院接受手术治疗的358例原发性HCC患者肿瘤组织和癌旁组织中ICOS⁺细胞、ICOS⁺CD4⁺及ICOS⁺CD8⁺ T细胞的浸润密度和ICOS⁺细胞占CD4⁺、CD8⁺ T细胞的百分比。应用Kaplan-Meier法和多因素COX回归模型分析上述指标对患者预后的影响。结果：与癌旁组织相比,ICOS⁺细胞和ICOS⁺CD4⁺ T细胞在肿瘤组织中浸润数量显著增加（P<0.000 1和P=0.009 1）,而ICOS⁺CD8⁺ T细胞则呈相反的降低趋势（P=0.033）;在肿瘤中,ICOS⁺CD4⁺ T细胞的浸润程度显著高于ICOS⁺CD8⁺ T细胞。此外,ICOS⁺CD4⁺和ICOS⁺CD8⁺ T细胞占各自T细胞亚群的百分比在肿瘤组织中均显著增加（P均<0.000 1）。预后分析发现,肿瘤组织中ICOS⁺细胞、ICOS⁺CD4⁺及ICOS⁺CD8⁺ T细胞浸润高的患者总生存期（overall survival,OS）更长,多因素分析证实上述指标是HCC的独立预后良好因素。结论：ICOS在HCC患者的肿瘤组织中高表达,且ICOS⁺细胞、ICOS⁺CD4⁺及ICOS⁺CD8⁺ T细胞是OS的独立预后良好因素,提示上述指标可作为新的HCC预后免疫标志物。     

CD4+ T lymphocytes: a critical component of antitumor immunity

Both prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines targeting a wide variety of cancers are being developed. Because of the potency of cell-mediated immunity, many vaccine strategies are focused on activating tumor-specific cytotoxic CD8⁺ T lymphocytes. CD4⁺ T lymphocytes are a key element in optimal activation of CD8⁺ T cells and in the maintenance of immune memory, and therefore their activation is critical for cancer vaccine efficacy. This article reviews the mechanisms by which CD4⁺ T cells facilitate tumor immunity and the vaccine strategies that enhance CD4⁺ T cell activity.     

T-Cell Membrane CD45RA (2H4) and CD45RO (UCHL1) Determinants: II, Aberrant HLA-ABC Expression by CD45RA and CD45RO Cell Subpopulations of Mature CD4+ T-Cell Leukaemias

Six thymocyte suspensions, 10 normal blood CD4⁺ CD8^- lymphocyte-enriched fractions and leukaemic cells from 24 patients with CD4⁺ mature T-cell lymphoid malignancy (five Sezary Syndrome, six adult T-cell leukaemia-lymphoma and 13 cases of T-cell prolymphocytic leukaemia) were examined in this study for the expression of membrane HLA-ABC by CD45RA (2H4) and CD45RO (UCHL1) subpopulations. These analyses showed that the main increase in HLA-ABC expression by normal CD4⁺ CD8^- blood lymphocytes (mean 490 to 760 FITC units) paralleled the loss of membrane 2H4 whilst the acquisition of UCHL1 was not associated with any significant change in HLA-ABC staining intensity. The sequence of 2H4 differentiation by normal thymocytes, based on the observed increasing levels of HLA-ABC staining intensity appeared to be (a) CD1a ⁺ 2H4^- UCHL1⁺ (25 HLA-ABC fluorescent units), (b)CD1a^-2H4^intUCHL1⁺ (134 units), and (c) CD 1a^- 2H4 ⁺ UCHL1 ^- (197 units). Quantitative estimates of membrane HLA-ABC expression by leukaemic T-cells revealed marked heterogeneity between individual cases irrespective of diagnostic subgroup. Based on the lower observed limits for normal CD4⁺ 2H4⁺ (318 units) and CD4 ⁺ 2H4^- (478 units) fractions, 14% and 38% respectively of the leukaemic 2H4⁺ and 2H4^- components examined showed reduced HLA-ABC expression. Two cases showed very low membrane HLA-ABC levels that were within the range observed for normal CD1a^- thymocytes. In contrast, HLA-ABC staining intensities exceeding that of corresponding normal CD4⁺ 2H4⁺ (710 units) and CD4⁺ 2H4^- (1286 units) subpopulations were seen in a high proportion (65%) of leukaemic 2H4 ⁺ components, with only 14% of 2H4^- fractions showing raised levels and, in two cases, these staining intensities exceeded three times the normal observed limits. In addition to the quantitative differences in HLA-ABC expression, a remarkably consistent (81% of evaluable cases) feature of the leukaemic T-cells was that the 2H4^-UCHL1⁺ subpopulation in CD4⁺ malignancies had a lower HLA-ABC level than the 2H4⁺UCHL1 subpopulation. This was in marked contrast to normal post-thymic T-cells where increasing HLA-ABC expression was seen with increasing UCHL1 (or decreasing 2H4) staining. These results suggest that leukaemic T-cells have an aberrant intra-thymic and post-thymic sequence of 2H4/UCHL1 expression which has become 'uncoupled' from CD1a/HLA-ABC expression.     

儿童急性B淋巴细胞白血病缓解期外周血MDSCs的变化及意义

目的:观察儿童急性B淋巴细胞白血病(B-ALL)缓解期患者外周血髓系来源的抑制性细胞(MDSCs)的变化,并探讨其原因及可能的意义。方法:分别抽取22例儿童B-ALL行长春新碱、柔红霉素、左旋门冬酰胺酶和强的松(VDLP)方案化疗后缓解期患者和20例健康体检儿童的外周血,流式细胞术检测和分析CD33⁺HLA-DR^-/CD33⁺细胞比例、以及CD14⁺CD33⁺HLA-DR^-和CD15⁺CD33⁺HLA-DR^-两群MDSCs细胞比例的变化,统计分析B-ALL患者和健康对照组之间MDSCs的差异。结果:儿童B-ALL缓解期患者外周血CD33⁺HLA-DR^-MDSCs所占CD33⁺细胞的比例较健康对照组明显降低(P=0.001);单核细胞来源的CD14⁺CD33⁺HLA-DRMDSCs的比例较健康对照组显著降低(P<0.01);粒细胞来源的CD15⁺CD33⁺HLA-DR^- MDSCs比例亦较健康对照组明显降低(P=0.004)。结论:儿童B-ALL患者行VDLP方案化疗后完全缓解期患者外周血MDSCs的比例明显下降,其低水平的MDSCs可能与化疗后机体免疫系统尚未完全正常建立相关。     

Multi-drug resistance mediated by P-glycoprotein overexpression is not correlated with ZAP-70/CD38 expression in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia

ZAP-70 and CD38 expression can identify B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia with an inferior clinical outcome. Many groups have investigated the meaning of the expression of these two proteins and the correlation with the bad prognosis in B-CLL. But nobody has investigated the relation between the multidrug resistance mediated by Pgp overexpression (MDR1) and ZAP-70/CD38 coexpression. Forty-one untreated and stage A patients, either ZAP-70⁺CD38⁺ or ZAP-70^-CD38^-, were tested to determine the MDR1 status. MDR1 was observed in 41% of CLL ZAP-70⁺CD38⁺ and in 37% of CLL ZAP-70^-CD38^-. The difference was not significant (p = 0.745). Patients with ZAP-70 and CD38 positive CLL can not be candidates for MDR1 antagonists.     

CD44和CD24标记的宫颈癌细胞亚群特性

目的 考察Siha细胞系中的CD44^+/CD24⁺能否富集宫颈癌干细胞。方法 用流式细胞仪分选出CD44⁺/CD24⁺Siha细胞,用无血清悬浮培养观察成球能力、裸鼠移植瘤实验观察成瘤能力、透射电子显微镜观察辐射前后两组细胞形态变化,并通过Transwell侵袭实验比较细胞侵袭能力的差异。结果 耐放疗细胞中CD44^+/CD24⁺Siha细胞比例明显高于其在亲代Siha细胞中的比例;无血清培养CD44⁺/CD24⁺Siha细胞组可以形成致密且体积较大的细胞球,CD44^+/CD24⁺Siha细胞组致瘤时间早,成瘤率高;辐射后CD44⁺/CD24⁺Siha细胞较亲代Siha细胞更抗凋亡;CD44⁺/CD24⁺Siha细胞组的迁移细胞数明显高于亲代Siha细胞组,所有数据均具有统计学意义。结论 CD44⁺/CD24⁺Siha具备部分干细胞特性,CD44⁺/CD24⁺可能成为宫颈癌干细胞特异性表面标志物。     

原发性肝癌患者CD4+CD25+CD127low调节性T细胞的检测及意义

探讨CD4+CD25+CD127low调节性T细胞（Tregs）在原发性肝细胞性肝癌（HCC）患者外周血中的变化及其临床意义。方法：采集40例乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）相关的HCC患者［巴塞罗那临床肝癌（BCLC）分期A期患者7例、B期患者8例、C期患者20例、D期患者5例］、35例慢性乙型肝炎（CHB）患者及28例正常健康人的外周抗凝血,应用CD4（PE-CY5）、CD25（FITC）、CD127（PE）三种特异性荧光抗体标记后,通过流式细胞术对CD4+CD25+CD127lowTregs水平进行三色荧光抗体检测。结果：HCC患者外周血CD4+CD25+CD127lowTregs占CD4+T细胞的百分比显著高于正常健康人（P<0.001）和CHB患者（P=0.017）,CHB患者外周血CD4+CD25+CD127lowTregs占CD4+T细胞的百分比高于正常健康人（P=0.035）;HCC中BCLC分期为C期的患者外周血CD4+CD25+CD127lowTregs占CD4+T细胞的百分比显著高于A期患者（P=0.020）和B期患者（P=0.019）。结论：CD4+CD25+CD127lowTregs水平异常增高可能是HCC免疫逃逸的一个重要机制,且其变化水平与临床病情的进展存在一定的相关性。     

Sequential Involvement of Two Distinct CD4+ Regulatory T Cells during the Course of Transplantable Tumor Growth and Protection from 3–Methylcholanthrene-induced Tumorigenesis by CD25–depletion

The involvement of two phenotypically different regulatory T cells in different stages of tumor growth was investigated. Treatment of BALB/c mice with anti-CD25 monoclonal antibody (mAb) (PC61), but not anti-CD4 mAb (GK1.5) before RL male 1 or Meth A inoculation caused tumor rejection. On the other hand, treatment of BALB/c mice with anti-CD4 mAb (GK1.5) but not anti-CD25 mAb (PC61) on day 6 after inoculation of the same tumors caused rejection. The findings suggest that CD4⁺CD25⁺ T cells downregulated the rejection response in the early stage of tumor growth. On the other hand, putative CD4⁺CD25⁻ T cells downregulated the tumor rejection response in the late stage. Both CD4⁺CD25⁺ and putative CD4⁺CD25-T cells appeared to inhibit the efficient generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). The present study also demonstrated that the treatment of BALB/c mice with anti-CD25 mAb (PC61) at 4 or 6 weeks after 3–methylcholanthrene (3–MC) inoculation retarded tumor occurrence and prolonged survival.     

Alterations in lymphocyte subsets in blood may predict resectability in carcinoma of cardia or oesophagus

Impaired immune responses in patients with carcinoma of cardia or oesophagus have previously been reported. However, we do not know whether resectability correlates with specific immunological variables. Immunological assessment was performed in 35 such cancer patients including measurement of total T cells (CD3⁺) and T cell subsets (CD4⁺ and CD8⁺), NK cells (CD16⁺) and B cells (CD19⁺) in blood. In vitro lymphocyte responses to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) separated from peripheral blood were quantitated. The numbers in peripheral blood of both total T cells (CD3³⁺) and B lymphocytes (CD19⁺) were significantly lower in the inoperable patients compared to resected patients (P < 0.01). The number of NK cells (CD16⁺) was, however, not significantly lower in the inoperable patients compared to the patients operated for cure. Lymphocyte responses to PHA in vitro were similar in resectable and non-resectable patients, but significantly lower in inoperable patients compared to the controls (P < 0.01). In conclusion, resectability in carcinoma of cardia or oesophagus is associated with changes in both T (CD3⁺) and B (CD19⁺) cell subsets.