OATP1B1基因多态性对匹伐他汀钙片在中国汉族健康受试者体内的药代动力学影响

目的:研究有机阴离子转运多肽OATP1B1基因多态性对匹伐他汀钙片在中国汉族健康受试者体内的药代动力学影响.方法:用PCR-RFLP对筛选出的36名合格受试者进行OATP1B1 A388G、OATP1B1 T521C基因分型,受试者单剂量口服匹伐他汀钙片2 mg,用HPLC-MS-MS法测定血浆匹伐他汀钙片浓度.结果:匹伐他汀钙片药代动力学参数显示,与388AA型相比,388AG型AUC0-10增加26%,t1/2增加30%;与521TT型相比,521TC型AUC0-10增加23.6%,CL/F降低20.8%.可能由于突变例数太少,导致OATP1B1 A388G和OATP1B1 T521C突变组和野生组各药代动力学参数(t1/2、tmax、Cmax、AUC0-t、AUC0-inf、CL/F、Vd/F)之间差异无明显统计学意义.结论:OATP1B1基因多态性可能对中国汉族人群中匹伐他汀钙片代谢无影响.     

复方缬沙坦在健康人体的生物等效性

目的研究复方缬沙坦(抗高血压药)在中国健康受试者体内的药代动力学特征,并评价其生物等效性。方法采用双周期、两制剂交叉试验设计,20名健康男性受试者随机交叉、先后单次交叉口服国产复方缬沙坦(每片含缬沙坦80 mg/氢氯噻嗪12.5 mg)(被试制剂)和进口复方缬沙坦(每片含缬沙坦80 mg/氢氯噻嗪12.5 mg)(参比制剂)各1片,用液相色谱-串联质谱法(LC/MS/MS)同时测定血浆中的缬沙坦和氢氯噻嗪浓度。结果被试制剂和参比制剂的药代动力学参数,缬沙坦:Cmax分别为(2.39±1.28),(2.61±1.23)μg.mL-1;tmax分别为(3.1±1.4),(3.4±0.7)h;t1/2分别为(7.5±1.8),(7.4±1.6)h;AUC0-t分别为(16.95±8.85),(18.14±9.06)μg·mL-1·h。氢氯噻嗪:Cmax分别为(0.40±0.18),(0.42±0.15)μg·mL-1;Tmax分别为(2.6±1.6),(2.2±1.0)h;t1/2分别为(9.6±1.4),(9.8±1.8)h;AUC0-t分别为(2.85±1.05),(2.80±0.89)μg·mL-1·h。国产...     

OATP1B1基因位点521T→C的突变对瑞舒伐他汀在中国健康人体内药代动力学特征的影响

研究中国健康人体内OATP1B1基因位点521T→C的突变对瑞舒伐他汀药代动力学的影响,为临床参考遗传多态性特征来确立瑞舒伐他汀正确合理的给药方案提供依据。血浆样品应用LC-MS方法测定:采用电喷雾电离源(ESI),选择性监测瑞舒伐他汀(m/z 480.0),内标匹伐他汀(m/z 420.0)。利用ARMS-PCR方法对40名健康受试者OATP1B1的521T→C位点的基因分型,结果显示有7名为OATP1B1基因位点521T→C突变者,占全部健康受试者的17.5%,其余OATP1B1基因野生型纯合子占全部健康受试者的82.5%。首次发现中国人体内的瑞舒伐他汀药代动力学特征在OATP1B1基因位点521T→C突变组与基因野生型组间存在显著差异。中国人体内OATP1B1基因位点521T→C突变对瑞舒伐他汀的药代动力学过程有显著影响。瑞舒伐他汀OATP1B1基因突变组与野生型组相比较,其在人体内的吸收程度增加,消除过程减慢,故在临床应用中应参考OATP1B1基因位点521T→C的突变情况来指导瑞舒伐他汀的合理用药。     

盐酸沙格雷酯对大鼠体内细胞色素P4502D1/2的影响

目的观察盐酸沙格雷酯对大鼠细胞色素P4502D1/2(CYP2D1/2)的底物右美沙芬药动学的影响。方法♂SD大鼠,随机分成2组,对照组按右美沙芬组10 mg·kg-1灌胃给药,盐酸沙格雷酯组按右美沙芬和盐酸沙格雷酯均10 mg·kg-1同时灌胃给药,按不同时间从大鼠眼底静脉丛取血,血样处理后,用LC-MS/MS法测定大鼠血浆中右美沙芬的浓度,用DAS 2.0软件进行分析,求出其主要药代动力学参数。结果盐酸沙格雷酯组与对照组比较,右美沙芬的T12明显延长(2.49 h±0.93 h vs 1.47 h±0.20 h,P<0.05),Cmax明显升高(325.7μg·L-1±133.2μg·L-1vs 104.5μg·L-1±52.4μg·L-1,P<0.05),AUC0-t(785.5μg·L-1·h±451.9μg·L-1·h vs 244.8μg·L-1·h±168.3μg·L-1·h,P<0.05)和AUC0-∞(804.7μg·L-1·h±445.6μg·L-1·h vs 251.4μg·L-1·h±173.4μg·L-1·h,P<0.05)明显增大。结论盐酸沙格雷酯在大鼠体内对右美沙芬的代谢有抑制作用,能降低其消除过程。     

氯沙坦及其代谢物在维吾尔族和汉族健康志愿者的药代动力学

目的 研究维吾尔族和汉族健康受试者单剂量口服氯沙坦钾片(抗高血压药)的药代动力学特征.方法 20名健康受试者(其中维吾尔族10名,汉族10名,男女各半),单剂量口服氯沙坦钾片50 mg;用高效液相色谱-荧光法测定氯沙坦及其代谢物E-3174血药浓度,用DAS软件进行数据处理、SPSS 13.0软件进行统计学分析.结果 维吾尔族受试者单剂量口服氯沙坦钾片50 mg后氯沙坦和代谢物E-3174的主要药代动力学参数分别为:Cmax(344±153),(477±166)μg·mL-1;tmax(1.0±0.3),(2.6±0.5)h;t1/2(1.0±0.4),(2.9±0.8)h;AUG0-24h(598±216),(2243±518)μg·h·mL-1;AUC0-∞(632±242),(2429±552)μg.h·mL-1.汉族受试者单剂量口服氯沙坦钾片50 mg后氯沙坦和代谢物E-3174的主要药代动力学参数分别为:Cmax(351±168),(242±60)ng·mL-1;tmax(1.4±1.1),(3.6±1.7)h;t1/2(0.8±0.4),(4.7±1.1)h;AUC0-24h(497±172),(1853±194)ng·h·mL-1;AUC0-∞(523±184),(1960±182)ng·h·mL-1.结论 氯沙坦的代谢物E-3174的药代动力学参数t1/2、Vd、Cmax在维吾尔族和汉族健康受试者间的差异有显著性意义(P＜0.05),不同性别间药代动力学参数的差异无显著性意义(P＞0.05),所有药代动力学参数在同一民族和不同民族的个体间差异都很大,临床治疗中应实行个体化给药方案.     

缬沙坦在人体内的药物动力学分析

目的:分析国产缬沙坦在人体内的药物动力学.方法:选择20例来我院接受体检的健康者作为志愿者,随机分为两组,交叉口服参比的国产缬沙坦胶囊和试验国产缬沙坦胶囊,服药后48h多点抽取人体静脉血,对血浆中的活性代谢物浓度进行测定.结果:试验缬沙坦组的t1/2α、t1/2β、tmax、Cmax、AUC(0-48)和AUC(0-∞)分别为(1.85±0.94)h、(9.94±3.40)h、(2.32±0.79)h、(2.60±1.16)μg·mL-1、(17.80±7.21)μg·h·mL-1和(19.13±7.01)μg·h·mL-1,和参比缬沙坦组对应指标差异不显著,两组制剂具有生物等效性,试验的缬沙坦人体相对生物利用度为(102.14±14.54)％.结论:国产缬沙坦胶囊的人体相对生物利用度高,和进口缬沙坦胶囊生物学等效.     

氟康唑胶囊在健康人体的药代动力学及生物等效性

目的建立人血浆氟康唑(抗真菌药)HPLC测定法,比较氟康唑2种制剂在健康志愿者体内的药代动力学和相对生物利用度。方法用随机开放交叉试验设计,20名健康志愿者分别单剂量口服试验和参比制剂氟康唑胶囊300mg,用高效液相色谱法法测定血药浓度,计算2制剂的药代动力学参数,并进行生物等效性评价。结果试验和参比制剂氟康唑胶囊的主要药代动力学参数t1/2分别为(31.20±3.98),(31.51±3.26)h;tmax分别为(2.83±0.37),(2.65±0.24)h;Cmax分别为(6.20±1.08),(6.11±1.01)μg·mL-1;AUC0-96分别为(208.42±21.77),(200.27±18.27)μg·h·mL-1;AUC0-∞分别为(234.00±24.56),(227.14±20.91)μg·h·mL-1。各药代动力学参数无显著性差异(P>0.05)。试验制剂氟康唑胶囊相对生物利用度F为(104.3±8.5)%。结论2制剂具有生物等效性。     

美沙拉嗪栓剂在健康人体的药代动力学及生物等效性

目的 研究进口美沙拉嗪(5-ASA)栓剂的药代动力学过程及其生物等效性。方法 18名健康男性受试者用随机交叉给药方案,分别单次直肠给与美沙拉嗪栓剂试验药和参比药2 g,用柱前衍生化-HPLC-荧光法测定给药后不同时间点血浆中5-ASA和其活性代谢产物乙酰化-5-氨基水杨酸(Ac-5-ASA)的浓度,评价两种制剂的生物等效性。结果 试验药及参比药的原形药(5-ASA):AUC0-t分别为3.20±2.35和3.34±2.83 μg·h·mL-1;AUC0-8分别为3.22±2.37和3.38±2.89μg·h·mL-1;Cmax分别为0.48±0.16和0.42±0.17 μg·mL-1;tmax分别为4.61±2.8和5.72±3.30 h;t1/2分别为3.6 6±1.44和3.97±2.24 h。其代谢产物(Ac-5-ASA):AUC0-t分别为9.68±6.26和10.26±7.53μg·h·mL-1;AUC0-8分别为10.01±6.79和10.74±8.57 μg·h·mL-1;Cmax分别为1.23±0.41和1.10±0.37 μg·mL-1;tmax分别为5.00±2.20和6.1 1±3.48 h;t1/2分别为5.99±3.33和6.64±4.22 h。经统计学处理,上述各项参数间差别均无显著性意义(P>0.05)。美沙拉嗪栓剂相对生物利用度为(103.7±19.4)％。结论美沙拉嗪栓剂试验药与参比药具有生物等效性。     

甲硝唑结肠定位肠溶片在健康人体的药代动力学和生物等效性

目的评价甲硝唑结肠定位肠溶片(抗厌氧菌感染药)在健康人体的药代动力学和相对生物利用度。方法20名男性健康志愿者分别单剂、多剂交叉口服甲硝唑结肠定位肠溶片(受试制剂)和甲硝唑普通片(参比制剂)200mg,HPLC法测定甲硝唑浓度,DAS2.1软件计算主要药代动力学参数。结果主要药代动力学参数如下。单剂量:Cmax分别为(3.05±0.63),(4.44±0.56)μg·mL-1;tmax分别为(9.10±1.90),(1.50±0.60)h;t1/2分别为(9.93±2.14),(9.36±2.40)h;AUC0-48h分别为(48.74±11.56),(53.79±9.25)μg·h·mL-1;F为(91.30±18.60)%。多剂量:Cmax分别为(7.75±2.57),(10.27±2.08)μg·mL-1;Cmin(6.86±2.36),(6.34±1.48)μg·mL-1;Cav分别为(4.83±1.66),(7.65±1.59)μg·mL-1;DF分别为(0.31±1.26),(0.52±0.10);t1/2分别为(10.51±2.39),(9.97±2.40)h,AUCss分别为(38.65±13.30),(61.23±12.71)μg·h·mL-1,AUC0-48h分别为(158.23±66.84),(144.39±48.50)μg·h·mL-1,F为(110.10±25.20)%。结论2制剂吸收等效;但在胃肠道的吸收部位与速度不同;有良好的靶向结肠定位效果。     

有机阴离子转运多肽1B1（OATP1B1）遗传多态性对瑞格列奈药动学的影响

目的：研究有机阴离子转运多肽1B1（OATP1B1）遗传多态性对瑞格列奈药动学的影响。方法：16名健康男性受试者单剂量po 4 mg瑞格列奈片,并考察其SLCO1B1（OATP1B1的编码基因）常见单体型（SLCO1B1＊1a、＊1b、＊5和＊15）,按基因型将其分成＊1b/＊1b、＊1a/＊1a或＊1a/＊1b、＊1a/＊15或＊1b/＊15三组,采用HPLC-MS-MS法测定给药后不同时间瑞格列奈的血药浓度。利用DAS 2.0计算药动学参数和SPSS 12.0评价统计学差异。结果：SLCO1B1＊1b/＊1b、SLCO1B1＊1a/＊1a或＊1a/＊1b和SLCO1B1＊1a/＊15或＊1b/＊15三组受试者的AUC0-8 h分别为（63±20）、（70±26）和（82±24）μg.L-1.h,Cmax分别为（56±16）、（52±17）和（58±34）μg/L,三者之间差异没有统计学意义。结论：OATP1B1遗传多态性对瑞格列奈药动学有影响,但从本试验结果看,三组之间的差异较小,还不足以影响临床用药的安全性和有效性。     

Vascular sphingosine-1-phosphate S1P1 and S1P3 receptors

The sphingolipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) acts on five subtypes of G-protein- coupled receptors, termed S1P(1) (formerly endothelial differentiation gene-1 [Edg-1]), S1P(2) (Edg-5), S1P(3) (Edg-3), S1P(4) (Edg-6) and S1P(5) (Edg-8), and possibly several other "orphan" receptors, such as GPR3, GPR6 and GPR12. These receptors are coupled to different intracellular second messenger systems, including adenylate cyclase, phospholipase C, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase Akt, mitogen-activated protein kinases, as well as Rho- and Ras-dependent pathways. Consistently with this receptor multiplicity and pleiotropic signaling mechanisms, S1P influences numerous cell functions. S1P(1)1, S1P(2) and S1P(3) receptors are the major S1P receptor subtypes in the cardiovascular system, where they mediate the effects of S1P released from platelets, and possibly other tissues (such as brain). Thus S1P(1) and S1P(3) receptors enhance endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration, playing a key role in developmental and pathological angiogenesis. In contrast, S1P(2) receptors inhibit migration of these cell types, probably because of their unique stimulatory effect on a GTPase-activating protein inhibiting the activity of Rac. S1P receptors can also cause relaxation and constriction of blood vessels. The former effect is mediated by pertussis toxin-sensitive receptors (possibly S1P(1)) located on the endothelium and stimulating phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt/endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). The vasoconstricting effect of S1P is likely to be mediated by S1P(2) and/or S1P(3) receptors, via Rho-Rho-kinase, and is more potent in coronary and cerebral blood vessels. Finally, S1P also protects endothelial cells from apoptosis through activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt/eNOS via S1P(1) and S1P(3) receptors. The variety of these effects, taken together with the existence of multiple receptor subtypes, provides an abundance of therapeutic targets that currently still await the development of selective agents.     

Antimykobakterielle 1-Phenyl-1-alkylaminoalkane

Antimycobacterial 1-Phenyl-1-alkylaminoalkanes Synthesis and testing for antimycobacterial properties (M. tuberculosis H 37 Ra, Middlebrook-7H9-broth) of 1-phenyl-1-alkylaminoalkanes, which differ from antimycobacterial N-alkylbenzylamines by an additional alkyl chain in α-position, is described. By variation of both alkyl chains and introduction of one or two Cl-substituents in the aromatic ring the activity increases up to an optimum within the homologous series. Overstepping optimal lipophilicity or ramification of the alkyl chains decrease activity. Compounds 19, 20, 33-35, 51-53, 61-63, 65-67, 70-73, 96 and 102 - 104 inhibit the growth of M. tuberculosis in concentrations of 2 to 4 μg/ml.     

Sulfation of iodothyronines by human sulfotransferase 1C1 (SULT1C1)*

Sulfation is an important component of human thyroid hormone metabolism. The role of the human sulfotransferase 1C1 (SULT1C1) is not known. Because SULT1C1 is present in the adult thyroid, intra-thyroidal sulfation of thyroid hormones and their metabolites might occur. We tested this hypothesis by determining the ability of recombinant human SULT1C1 to catalyze iodothyronine sulfation. Apparent K(m) values for 3,3',5-triiodothyronine (T(3)), 3, 3'-diiodothyronine (3,3'-T(2)), 3',5',3-triiodothyronine (rT(3)), and 3,3',5,5'-tetraiodothyronine (T(4)) with SULT1C1 were 28.7, 10.3, 10.2, and 59.3 microM, respectively. Thermal stability and responses to inhibitors also were tested with T(3) as the substrate. Enzyme aliquots were measured simultaneously to determine SULT1C1 substrate preferences at optimal iodothyronine concentrations. SULT1C1 activity obtained with T(3) was used as 100%, and the activities with 3,3'-T(2), rT(3), T(4), and 3,5-diiodothyronine (3, 5-T(2)) were 614, 314, 25, and 4%, respectively. We report for the first time the characterization of human SULT1C1 with T(3) and the preferences of the enzyme for various iodothyronines. The presence of SULT1C1 in the adult thyroid gland raises the possibilities that the enzyme can contribute to intraglandular thyroid hormone processing and iodide reutilization.     

Phenotype of the Cyp1a1/1a2/1b1-/- triple-knockout mouse

Crossing the Cyp1a1/1a2(-/-) double-knockout mouse with the Cyp1b1(-/-) single-knockout mouse, we generated the Cyp1a1/1a2/1b1(-/-) triple-knockout mouse. In this triple-knockout mouse, statistically significant phenotypes (with incomplete penetrance) included slower weight gain and greater risk of embryolethality before gestational day 11, hydrocephalus, hermaphroditism, and cystic ovaries. Oral benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) daily for 18 days in the Cyp1a1/1a2(-/-) produced the same degree of marked immunosuppression as seen in the Cyp1a1(-/-) mouse; we believe this reflects the absence of intestinal CYP1A1. Oral BaP-treated Cyp1a1/1a2/1b1(-/-) mice showed the same "rescued" response as that seen in the Cyp1a1/1b1(-/-) mouse; we believe this reflects the absence of CYP1B1 in immune tissues. Urinary metabolite profiles were dramatically different between untreated triple-knockout and wild-type; principal components analysis showed that the shifts in urinary metabolite patterns in oral BaP-treated triple-knockout and wild-type mice were also strikingly different. Liver microarray cDNA differential expression (comparing triple-knockout with wild-type) revealed at least 89 genes up- and 62 genes down-regulated (P-value < or = 0.00086). Gene Ontology "classes of genes" most perturbed in the untreated triple-knockout (compared with wild-type) include lipid, steroid, and cholesterol biosynthesis and metabolism; nucleosome and chromatin assembly; carboxylic and organic acid metabolism; metal-ion binding; and ion homeostasis. In the triple-knockout compared with the wild-type mice, response to zymosan-induced peritonitis was strikingly exaggerated, which may well reflect down-regulation of Socs2 expression. If a single common molecular pathway is responsible for all of these phenotypes, we suggest that functional effects of the loss of all three Cyp1 genes could be explained by perturbations in CYP1-mediated eicosanoid production, catabolism and activities.     

间质作用因子1通过正调控窖蛋白1抑制FBJ-S1-H的迁移性

目的证明间质作用因子(stromal interaction molecule1,Stim1)在FBJ诱导的小鼠骨肉瘤细胞中的抑癌作用。方法在Stim1高表达的FBJ-S1-H细胞采用Stim1以siRNA干扰技术得到Stim1沉默的几株S1-H单克隆细胞株,通过细胞行为学方法和RT-PCR技术对其mRNA进行研究,通过明胶酶谱法对细胞基质金属酶活性进行研究。结果通过细胞行为学方法证明,Stim1的沉默提高了细胞的迁移性,通过对mRNA表达的研究发现,Stim1沉默引起了多种基因表达的变化,其中包括基质金属酶9(matrix mexalloprotelnase 9,MMP-9)的升高,窖蛋白(caveolinl,Cav1),甾醇调控因子Srebf1的降低等,提高单克隆细胞中的Cav1含量可以使细胞迁移性降低。结论实验结果证明在FBJ-S1-H细胞中,Stim1能够抑制细胞的移动性,沉默Stim1的表达能够提高细胞的迁移性。