膀胱扩容术联合输尿管再植术治疗神经源性膀胱的效果分析

目的分析膀胱扩容术联合输尿管再植术治疗伴输尿管反流的小儿神经源性膀胱的效果。方法收集2014年1月至2020年8月郑州大学第一附属医院小儿外科诊断为神经源性膀胱伴膀胱输尿管反流并接受手术治疗的患儿临床资料, 共36例, 根据行膀胱扩容术的同时是否行输尿管再植术, 将其分为单纯膀胱扩容术组(A组, 22例、33条输尿管), 膀胱扩容术联合输尿管膀胱再植术组(B组, 14例、18条输尿管);两组患儿年龄、性别、膀胱输尿管反流级别、既往史及临床症状比较, 差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间等指标, 以及两组手术前后膀胱容量、膀胱顺应性、最大逼尿肌压力、输尿管反流残余率、尿路感染发生率、远端输尿管直径比等情况。结果所有患儿手术顺利, A、B两组手术时间[(152.6±24.4)min比(232.4±44.9)min]及术后输尿管反流残余率(57.58%比16.67%)比较, 差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);术中出血量[(19.8±4.8)mL比(21.1±5.3)mL]、术后住院时间[(30.2±6.5)d比(29.6±5.1)d]、...     

气膀胱Cohen术与腹腔镜膀胱外输尿管再植术治疗输尿管末端梗阻的疗效比较

目的 评价气膀胱Cohen术与腹腔镜膀胱外输尿管再植术治疗小儿膀胱输尿管连接部梗阻的临床效果。方法 收集2014年2月至2019年8月本院收治的31例单侧先天性膀胱输尿管连接部梗阻患儿资料,按手术方式分为腹腔镜气膀胱Cohen再植组(17例)和腹腔镜膀胱外输尿管再植组(14例)。比较两组手术时间、术后静脉使用抗生素时间、术后血尿时间、留置尿管时间、术后住院时间及住院费用。结果 气膀胱Cohen再植组与腹腔镜下膀胱外再植组手术时间分别为(194±46)min、(152±52)min,术后住院时间分别为(8.1±1.1)d、(6.4±1.2)d,术后血尿时间分别为(3.2±0.7)d、(1.5±1.1)d,差异均具有统计学意义。术后抗生素使用时间分别为(5.6±1.1)d、(5.2±1.2)d,留置尿管时间分别为(6.3±1.3)d、(5.5±1.2)d,住院总费用分别为(23357.2±4638.5)元、(21194±3518.2)元,差异均不具有统计学意义。两组均无中转开放手术,随访3～12个月,获访病例临床症状均缓解,术后气膀胱Cohen再植组获随访13例,复查超声提示10例输尿管恢...     

机器人辅助腹腔镜下Lich-Greqoir手术治疗儿童原发性膀胱输尿管反流

目的探讨机器人辅助腹腔镜下Lich-Greqoir手术治疗儿童原发性膀胱输尿管反流的可行性、安全性和手术技巧。方法回顾性分析2014年5月至2019年2月上海市儿童医院收治的11例原发性膀胱输尿管反流患儿临床资料,其中男童10例,女童1例,均应用达芬奇系统辅助腹腔镜行Lich-Greqoir输尿管再植手术。患儿平均年龄9.4岁(3.2~18岁)。其中双侧4例,单侧7例。反流程度Ⅱ~Ⅳ级(Ⅱ级2侧,Ⅲ级3侧,Ⅳ级10侧)。结果患儿均采用Lich-Gregoir术式,术中患侧输尿管平均直径9 mm(5~15 mm),平均黏膜下隧道长度4.4 cm(3~6 cm)。术中无中转开放手术,单侧输尿管手术平均时间152 min(132~175 min),双侧输尿管手术平均时间257 min(249~264 min),术后平均住院时间4.5 d(3~6 d),1例双侧VUR患儿术后出现短期尿潴留,延长留置导尿管2周后痊愈。患儿平均随访时间2.5年(6个月至5.3年),所有病例均无发热性尿路感染,B超均未见患侧输尿管肾盂积水加重。术后完成VCUG 9例(其中双侧4例,单侧5例),其中1例双侧病例术后发现左侧反流Ⅰ级。结论机器人辅助腹腔镜下Lich-Greqoir手术治疗儿童原发性膀胱输尿管反流安全、有效,可以应用于3岁以上儿童的治疗。     

腹腔镜Lich-Gregoir术与开放Cohen术治疗儿童原发性膀胱输尿管反流的疗效分析

目的探讨腹腔镜Lich-Gregoir术与开放Cohen术在儿童原发性膀胱输尿管反流(vesicoureteral reflux, VUR)治疗中的应用价值。方法本研究为回顾性研究, 将2018年6月至2022年6月首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院接受手术治疗的150例原发性VUR且资料完整的患儿纳入研究。按照手术方式的不同分为腹腔镜Lich-Gregoir组(n=69)和开放Cohen组(n=81);根据VUR侧别的不同以及术中是否行输尿管裁剪, 将腹腔镜Lich-Gregoir组进一步分为单侧未裁剪输尿管腹腔镜Lich-Gregoir组(A组, n=33)、双侧未裁剪输尿管腹腔镜Lich-Gregoir组(C组, n=16)、单侧裁剪输尿管腹腔镜Lich-Gregoir组(E组, n=12)、双侧裁剪一侧输尿管腹腔镜Lich-Gregoir组(G组, n=8), 开放Cohen组进一步分为单侧未裁剪输尿管开放Cohen组(B组, n=30)、双侧未裁剪输尿管开放Cohen组(D组, n=20)、单侧裁剪输尿管开放Cohen组(F组, n=18)、双侧裁剪一侧输尿管开放Cohen组(H组...     

腹腔镜Lich-Gregoir手术治疗儿童双侧原发性膀胱输尿管反流

目的 评价腹腔镜Lich-Gregoir手术治疗儿童双侧原发性膀胱输尿管反流治疗效果.方法 对2007年9月至2009年9月4例腹腔镜Lich-Gregoir手术治疗双侧原发性膀胱输尿管反流患儿的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 4例患儿,均因反复尿路感染收治.平均年龄6.5岁(5～8岁).男1例,女3例,排尿行膀胱尿道造影(VCUG)均提示双侧VUR,其中Ⅴ级2侧,Ⅳ级3侧,Ⅲ级3侧.二巯丁二酸(DMSA)肾图均证实存在一侧或双侧肾瘢痕.所有病例均经腹腔路径成功于膀胱外完成腹腔镜Lich-Gregoir手术.平均手术时间为200min(140～300min),术中无明显出血,术后平均住院时间6 d(5～7 d).平均随访18.5个月(6～30个月),所有患儿术后6个月VCUG复查证实膀胱输尿管反流均完全消失,无发热性尿路感染及新的肾瘢痕形成.1例患儿术后出现短期尿潴留,留置导尿1周后症状消失.结论 我们的初步经验显示腹腔镜Lich-Gregoir手术安全、有效、创伤小、术后恢复快,有望成为治疗儿童原发性膀胱输尿管反流,尤其是双侧病变较理想的治疗方法.     

气膀胱输尿管再植术治疗婴儿输尿管膀胱连接部梗阻临床分析

目的：总结气膀胱输尿管再植术治疗小婴儿输尿管膀胱交界处梗阻的临床经验。方法回顾性分析2006年2月至2013年3月本院收治的19例年龄小于1岁、行气膀胱输尿管再植术的输尿管膀胱交界处梗阻患儿临床资料,并与同期年长儿组32例进行对比。婴儿组单侧12例,双侧7例,22根输尿管行再植,4根行裁剪＋再植;年长儿组单侧25例,双侧7例,30根输尿管行再植,9根行裁剪＋再植。结果所有病例无中转开放手术,无输血。婴儿组手术时间长于年长儿组（P＜0.05）,术后泌尿道感染发生率高于年长儿组。年长儿组中1例出现吻合口梗阻急行手术置支撑管,拔管后吻合口引流通畅。共41例患儿获随访,随访率80．4％。B超示输尿管扩张较术前普遍好转;排尿性膀胱尿道造影（VCUG）发现3根输尿管存在低级别反流;除4例术前患肾功能严重受损之外,其余患儿分肾功能维持原有水平或轻度好转。随访情况两组间无明显差别。结论气膀胱输尿管再植术治疗输尿管末端梗阻,在小于1岁的小婴儿病例中手术难度大于年长儿,但通过熟练掌握腹腔镜技术可减少并发症,提高手术安全性,在小婴儿中同样能取得满意疗效。     

腹腔镜气膀胱Cohen输尿管移植术及开放手术在婴幼儿巨输尿管治疗中的对比研究

目的通过对比研究,总结腹腔镜气膀胱Cohen输尿管移植术治疗婴幼儿巨输尿管的疗效和手术经验。方法作者于2008年1月至2012年6月采用Cohen输尿管移植术治疗年龄〈3岁的婴幼儿巨输尿管24例,其中经腹腔镜气膀胱治疗11例（双侧3例,单侧8例）,为气膀胱手术组;同期开放手术治疗13例（双侧2例,单侧11例）,为开放手术组。将两组患儿手术年龄、手术时间、失血量、住院时间、并发症及远期效果进行比较。结果经腹腔镜气膀胱行Cohen输尿管移植术成功10例,1例中转开腹手术（合并脊髓拴系综合征,麻醉后期出现膀胱痉挛）,平均手术时间为（132．6±34．7）min,与开放手术时间[（129．7±37．2）min]相当（P〉0．05）;平均手术失血量（3．8±1．4）mL,少于开放手术组[15．4±3．7）mL]（P〈0．05）;术后平均住院时间（6．9±1．4）d,小于开放手术组[（11．3±2．6）d]（P〈0．05）。开放手术组患儿术后切口感染1例,尿外渗2例,气膀胱手术组患儿术后无明显并发症,远期随访输尿管通畅,无反流,与开放手术远期效果一致。结论年龄小于3岁的婴幼儿巨输尿管患者,经腹腔镜气膀胱行Cohen输尿管移植术是一种安全有效的治疗方式。     

单根输尿管膀胱再植术与输尿管端侧吻合术治疗小儿输尿管重复畸形的疗效对比研究

目的 比较单根输尿管膀胱再植术与输尿管端侧吻合术治疗小儿输尿管重复畸形的安全性与疗效。方法 回顾性分析2010年1月至2018年12月上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院收治的采用单根输尿管膀胱再植术与输尿管端侧吻合术治疗的小儿输尿管重复畸形患儿临床资料。共92例患儿,其中实施单根输尿管膀胱再植术42例,为单根输尿管膀胱再植术组,输尿管端侧吻合术50例,为输尿管端侧吻合术组。比较两组手术时间、术后住院天数、患侧肾盂前后径、患侧输尿管直径、患肾分肾功能、术后并发症等情况。结果 单根输尿管膀胱再植术组手术时间显著少于输尿管端侧吻合术组(Z=-2.28,P=0.023),置入输尿管支架管病例数多于输尿管端侧吻合术组(χ²=26.799,P<0.0001)。两组术后平均住院时间差异无统计学意义(Z=-1.639,P=0.101)。单根输尿管膀胱再植术组出现远期并发症2例(尿路感染、吻合口狭窄各1例),输尿管端侧吻合术组出现远期并发症4例(吻合口狭窄2例、尿路感染和膀胱输尿管反流各1例),差异无统计学意义(χ²=0.041,P=0.839)。两组手术前...     

改良气膀胱腹腔镜Cohen输尿管再植术治疗输尿管末端狭窄

目的 探讨改良气膀胱腹腔镜行Cohen输尿管再植术治疗输尿管末端狭窄的临床效果。方法 回顾分析2018年1月至2019年5月我院应用改良气膀胱腹腔镜Cohen输尿管再植术治疗输尿管末端狭窄患儿12例,年龄(3.0±2.2)岁,年龄范围1.2～9.5岁。其中,男8例,女4例,病变位于左侧9例,右侧3例。术中建立气膀胱后,经尿道于患侧输尿管开口内置入输尿管支架管,通过支架管指引输尿管末端的游离;切除狭窄段输尿管并取出;再次经尿道置入支架管及硅胶化疗管,化疗管继续置入患侧输尿管内,支架管末端与输尿管末端缝合并牵引,助手于体外牵引支架管,对输尿管末段进行精准裁剪及成形,经化疗管管腔置入双J管管芯,引导双J管置入,完成Cohen输尿管再植术。术后定期复查尿常规、泌尿系彩超及排泄性膀胱尿道造影(VCUG)、磁共振泌尿系统造影(MRU)、利尿肾图及肾静态显像,评估肾积水、输尿管扩张或狭窄、是否输尿管反流及肾脏功能参数等指标。结果 12例手术均获得成功,无中转开放手术。手术时间(99.0±16.1)min ,时间范围75～125 min。留置导尿管(7.0±1.5)d ,时间范围5～10d。留置膀胱造...     

气膀胱下Politano-Leadbetter输尿管移植术的经验分析

目的总结气膀胱腹腔镜下Politano-Leadbetter输尿管移植术的经验。方法回顾性分析厦门市妇幼保健院小儿外科2018年1月至2018年7月收治的10例输尿管膀胱连接部异常患儿临床资料,患儿均采用气膀胱腹腔镜下Politano-Leadbetter术治疗。其中男童6例,女童4例;年龄1.76～24个月,平均6.9个月。膀胱输尿管连接部狭窄4例,右侧2例,左侧2例;膀胱输尿管反流6例,单侧2例,双侧4例。手术方法:常规建立气膀胱,膀胱镜下置入腹腔镜及操作器械,膀胱内游离输尿管后,应用尿道口-输尿管开口-新输尿管裂孔三点一线原理,准确寻找膀胱外输尿管。自新的裂孔将输尿管重新迁入膀胱,再向原输尿管口建立黏膜下隧道。结果 10例均经气膀胱下完成手术,无一例中转开放手术。单侧手术时间100～185 min,平均131 min;双侧手术时间115～205 min,平均174 min。术中几乎无明显出血。术后8 d拔除尿管后无一例出现排尿困难、切口感染和切口裂开,住院时间7～15 d。10例均获随访,随访时间6～12个月,均无尿漏、膀胱输尿管反流、输尿管膀胱连接部梗阻等并发症发生。结论气膀胱腹腔镜下行Politano-Leadbetter术成功率高,能保留原始输尿管的开口位置与解剖走向,是小儿输尿管移植术可行的微创手术方式。     

Contemporary national comparison of open,laparoscopic, and robotic-assisted laparoscopic pediatric pyeloplasty

ObjectiveWe sought to determine current and longitudinal trends in the usage of open (OP), laparoscopic (LP), and robotic pyeloplasties. (RALP) Furthermore, we aimed to describe patient and hospital level characteristics associated with the use of minimally invasive pyeloplasties (MIP) and to compare basic utilization metrics for each approach.Materials/methodsThe 2000, 2003, 2006, and 2009 Kid's Inpatient Databases (KID) were used to determine current and longitudinal trends. As a result of a specific billing code for robotic surgery introduced in 2008, the 2009 KID database was used for analysis of RALP. Patient and hospital characteristics examined included: age, gender, race, insurance status, hospital location, and academic status. Utilization metrics of length of stay (LOS) and cost were determined from each modality.ResultsIn 2009, there were 3354 pediatric pyeloplasties performed in the USA (85% OP, 3% LP, 12% RP). Compared with 2000, this represents an 11.7% decrease in the overall number of pyeloplasties but a progressive increase in MIP from 0.34% in 2000 to 11.7%. Mean patient age was 3.7 years for OP, 9.3 years for LP and 9.9 years for RALP. MIP was more commonly performed in females, Caucasians, patients with private insurance, at urban hospitals and at teaching hospitals. Although length of stay (LOS) in days was statistically lower for MIP (3.46 OP, 2.86 LP, 1.96 RP, p < 0.001), total cost between the groups was not statistically different. On multivariable logistic regression analysis, age (OR 1.17, p < 0.001) increased the odds of MIP whereas lack of private insurance decreased the odds of MIP (OR 0.62, p = 0.002).ConclusionAlthough utilization of MIP is increasing in the USA, especially in older children, OP remains predominant. MIP was associated with a decrease in LOS. The odds of MIP were higher in older children, whereas the lack of private insurance decreased the odds of MIP.     

The laparoscopic approach of neuroblastoma

Neuroblastoma is one of the most common solid tumors, and the biopsy and excision of this tumor are often required as part of a planned multimodal treatment. In 1995, Holcomb and coworkers first reported endosurgical procedures for the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric malignancies; however, the usefulness of laparoscopic procedures for abdominal neuroblastoma is still unclear. Twenty-five laparoscopic biopsies for advanced abdominal neuroblastoma and nine laparoscopic excisions for localized abdominal neuroblastoma performed at Saitama Children's Medical Center were evaluated. The laparoscopic procedures significantly reduce the time to start postoperative feeding as well as the time to start postoperative chemotherapy and the duration of hospital stay. Also, the blood loss of laparoscopic excision of localized neuroblastoma was significantly little compared with that of open excision. Precise indications of laparoscopic procedure for the diagnosis and treatment of abdominal neuroblastoma provide better prognosis and quality of life for infants and children.     

Pediatric laparoscopic surgery-Indian scenario

Laparpscopic Surgery/Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS) in children have witnessed tremendous progress in the last decade. Presently, there are extensive applications of this novel technique and several advanced level intricate surgeries have been done safely in small children. This is a brief overview of the common indications and utility of MIS in pediatric practice in the Indian Scenario. We discuss some common clinical settings like recurrent abdominal pain, Impalpable testis, intersex disorders Empyema, Thoracis etc., where MIS has had a significant benefit. We also present our experience of MIS in children without using any sophisticated equipment like the harmonic scalpel, endo-staplers etc. MIS has come to stay and it will definitely have lasting impact on surgical problems in children.     

Single-site umbilical laparoscopic pyloromyotomy

Laparoscopic pyloromyotomy was first reported 20 years ago. This technique uses a small umbilical incision and 2 small upper abdominal incisions. During the last 5 years, this approach has become the preferred technique for many pediatric surgeons in the infant who needs a pyloromyotomy. Recently, with the advent of single-site umbilical laparoscopic surgery, this approach is being used for several common pediatric conditions, including pyloric stenosis. This article will describe the single-site approach used at the Children's Hospital of Alabama and the early outcomes from its use in a relatively small group of infants. An improvement in the cosmetic appearance of the abdominal wall with the single-site approach appears to be the primary reason for its use.     

Single-site umbilical laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Until the mid-1980s, cholecystectomy was performed through a generous right upper abdominal incision. After the early reports from Europe and the United States on the safety and feasibility of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, the minimally invasive revolution began. This revolution has continued to the current time, where surgeons are attempting to perform minimally invasive procedures with less or no visible scarring. Cholecystectomy is ideally suited for the single-site umbilical laparoscopic approach to obviate the need for epigastric and supraumbilical incisions. This article will describe the single-site umbilical laparoscopic cholecystectomy, which has been performed at Children's Mercy Hospital since 2009. Also, the literature concerning this approach in adults and in children will be discussed. Finally, a prospective randomized trial comparing the single-site cholecystectomy with the traditional 4-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy will also be described.     

Single-site umbilical laparoscopic splenectomy

Laparoscopic splenectomy was first described in children in 1993. Since then, it has become a commonly performed procedure in children because of reduced discomfort and hospitalization and significantly improved cosmesis compared with the open approach. With the advent of single-site laparoscopic surgery, it is only natural that this approach be used for splenectomy. This article will describe the reasons that the single-site approach might be useful for splenectomy and also the technique used at the author's institution. Moreover, a brief review of the current literature in children will be presented.