WHO西太区与“世界中医药学会联合会”中医名词术语国际标准比较研究：脏腑部分

“脏腑”是中医基本理论中的一个重要方面，其基本概念和用语为中医名词术语的核心内容，反映了中医翻译的基本问题。对这方面术语的翻译和标准化问题的讨论，有利于我们进一步明确中医翻译的基本理论与方法。《WHO西太区传统医学国际标准名词术语》中共收录有关脏腑的术语83条，     

WHO西太区与“世界中医药学会联合会”中医名词术语国际标准比较研究：经络部分

在中医名词术语的英语翻译中，与经络学说相关的术语，其翻译一般都比较统一。在中医药的对外交流中，针灸是率先走出国门并为西方世界所接受的中医疗法。其传入西方的历史远远早于中医药学的其他领域。正因为如此，其用语的英语翻译在国际上相对比较一致。在《WHO西太区传统医学国际标准名词术语》中共收录了有关经络学说的术语43条。“世界中医药学会联合会”（以下简称“世中联”）《中医基本名词术语中英对照国际标准》中则收录了87条。下面试根据WHO的标准并结合“世中联”的方案，对这些术语的翻译问题加以简要的比较分析。     

WHO西太区与世界中医药学会联合会中医名词术语国际标准比较研究：五官部分

The terms related to the five sensory organs in traditional Chinese medicine are somewhat limited as compared with those of the basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine. For this reason there are only 28 terms of sensory organs included in WHO International Standand Terminologies on Traditional Medicine in the Western Pacific Region （abbreviated as WHO Standard）.     

WHO西太区与世界中医药学会联合会中医名词术语国际标准比较研究：形体部分

The terms concerning body constituents in traditional Chinese medicine, comparatively speaking, are somewhat limited because the components of human body are limited. So altogether there are only 29 included in WHO International Standard Terminologies on Traditional Medicine in the Western Pacific Region （abbreviated as WHO Standard）, and 48 in International Standard Chinese-English Basic Nomenclature of Chinese Medicine compiled by World Federation of Chinese Medicine Societies （abbreviated as WFCMS Standard）.     

WHO西太区与“世界中医药学会联合会”中医名词术语国际标准比较研究：五行学说部分

《WHO西太区传统医学国际标准名词术语》中，一共收录了51条有关五行学说的术语，“世界中医药学会联合会”（以下简称世中联）的标准《中医基本名词术语中英对照国际标准》中则收录了103条。这些术语的翻译与通行译法基本一致，如将木、火、土、金、水译为wood、fire、earth、metal、water。但一些关键词语的翻译却多参照海外译法而行。如将“五行”译为five phases（同时也罗列出了five elements这一通行译法），     

WHO西太区与“世界中医药学会联合会”中医名词术语国际标准比较研究：阴阳学说部分

《WHO西太区传统医学国际标准名词术语》中收录有关阴阳学说及其相关概念的术语有16条，“世界中医药学会联合会”（以下简称世中联）标准《中医基本名词术语中英对照国际标准》中收录了39条，其翻译基本与现行译法一致，如将“阴中之阴”译作yin within yin，将“阴阳对立”译作opposition of yin and yang，将“阴阳平衡”译作yin—yang balance等等。但也有一些有别于通行译法的翻译．如将“阴阳互根”译作mutual rooting of yin and yang，将“阴阳转化”译作yin-yang conversion等。这些译法基本上反映了某些西方译者的思路与方法。     

WHO西太区与世界中医药学会联合会中医名词术语国际标准比较研究：诊断部分（七）

The Chinese concept 切诊 is actually composed of two separate methods, i.e. pulse-taking and palpation, both of which are used to touch, feel and press the body surface of the patients in order to understand the pathological changes of the patients^[1]. The terms used in describing the ways and procedures of these two methods are usually related to the form, state and variations of pulse and certain parts of the body surface.     

WHO西太区与世界中医药学会联合会中医名词术语国际标准比较研究：诊断部分（六）

We have divided into three parts the terminologies concerning inquiry in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） included in WHO International Standard Terminologies on Traditional Medicine in the Western Pacific Region （ abbreviated as WPRO Standard） and International Standard Chinese-English Basic Nomenclature of Chinese Medicine compiled by World Federation of Chinese Medicine Societies （abbreviated as WFCMS Standard）.     

WHO西太区与世界中医药学会联合会中医名词术语国际标准比较研究：诊断部分（二）

Inspection （望）, one of the four diagnostic methods traditionally used by traditional Chinese medicine （ TCM ） practitioners to examine patients, means to observe the body and specific regions as well as secreta and excreta of the patients in order to understand the general and pathological condition of the patient.     

WHO西太区与世界中医药学会联合会中医名词术语国际标准比较研究：诊断部分（三）

Wen （闻）, one of the four diagnostic methods traditionally used by traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） practitioners to examine patient, actually includes two different kinds of diagnostic methods, listening and smelling. Listening means to listen to the voice, sound, breath, cough, vomiting, hiccup, sigh, sneezing and borborygmus of the patient in order to differentiate the location, nature and cause of the disease. Smelling means to smell the odor of the patient and his or her living room as well as the secreta and excreta of the patient in order to decide the nature, location and cause of the disease.     

WHO西太区与世界中医药学会联合会中医名词术语国际标准比较研究：诊断部分（五）

In the field of inquiry, and expressions. In WHO there are many terms International Standard Terminologies on Traditional Medicine in the Western Pacific Region^[1] （abbreviated as WPRO Standard）. 211 terms are included. In International Standard Chinese-English Basic Nomencla- ture of Chinese Medicine compiled by World Federation of Chinese Medicine Societies^[2] （abbreviated as WFCMS Standard）, more terms are listed. In both standards, most of the terms are well translated.     

WHO西太区与世界中医药学会联合会中医名词术语国际标准比较研究：病因辨证（英文）

The causes of diseases are various,generally including the so-called six excesses,seven emotional factors,improper diet,imbalance between work and rest and traumatic injury.In traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）,there are many terms related to these five aspects.However in WHO International Standard Terminologies on Traditional Medicine in the Western Pacific Region[1] （abbreviated as WPRO Standard）,only 60 terms related to six excesses and traumatic injury are included and almost no terms associated with emotional changes,improper diet and imbalance work and rest can be found in it.     

WHO西太区与世界中医药学会联合会中医名词术语国际标准比较研究：诊断部分（一）

In traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）, there are four major diagnostic methods, namely inspection （望）, listening and smelling （闻）, inquiry （ 问 ） and pulse-taking and palpation （切）. Of course in TCM there are still some other supplementary methods for diagnosing diseases. However, these four are the major ones traditionally used to diagnose disease and decide prognosis.     

WHO西太区与世界中医药学会联合会中医名词术语国际标准比较研究：内科疾病（八）

痹病impediment disease : agroup of diseases caused by the invasion of wind , cold , dampness or heat pathogens on the meridian/channel involving muscles , sinews , bones and joints , manifested by local pain , soreness , heaviness , or hotness , and even articular swelling , stiffness and deformities , also referring to arthralgia The so-called 痹,     

Comparative study on WHO Western Pacific Region and World Federation of Chinese Medicine Societies international standard terminologies on traditional medicine: Diseases of Paediatrics (Part 3)

The following is a continued analysis about the third group of terms related to paediatrics in TCM included in the WHO International Standard Terminologies on Traditional Medicine in the Western Pacific Region (abbreviated as the WPRO Standard)[1] and the International Standard Chinese-English Basic Nomenclature of Chinese Medicine compiled by World Federation of Chinese Medicine Societies (abbreviated as the WFCMS Standard)[2],according to explanations made in the book entitledA Great Dictionary of Traditional Chinese Medicine[3],Chinese-English Dictionary of Traditional Chinese Medicine[4] and the studies made in the book entitled International Standardization of English Translation of Traditional Chinese Medicine:Study of Theory,Summarization of Practice and Exploration of Methods[5].     

Comparative study on WHO Western Pacific Region and World Federation of Chinese Medicine Societies international standard terminologies on traditional medicine:Diseases of Paediatrics (Part 2)

The following is a continued analysis about some terms related to paediatrics in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)included in the WHO International Standard Terminologies on Traditional Medicine in the Western Pacific Region(abbreviated as the WPRO Standard)[1]and the International Standard Chinese-English Basic Nomenclature of Chinese Medicine compiled by World Federation of Chinese Medicine Societies(abbreviated as the WFCMS