膝关节盘状半月板类型及损伤的MRI分析

目的探讨外侧盘状半月板的MRI分型特征及不同类型盘状半月板撕裂的发生率.资料与方法将89例MRI表现典型的外侧盘状半月板分作两组,即未成年组和成年组,其中未成年组35例(36膝),4～17岁(平均13.2岁);成年组54例(57膝),18～74岁(平均42.0岁).将盘状半月板分作板型、楔型、肥角型.分析不同类型的盘状半月板合并半月板撕裂的发生率.结果未成年组板型26膝、楔型4膝、肥角型6膝;成年组板型36膝、楔形15膝、肥角型6膝.两组盘状半月板类型的发生比率无显著性差异(P＞0.10).无论未成年组或成年组均以板型常见.不同类型盘状半月板发生撕裂的比率有显著性差异(P＜0.005),肥角型全部显示半月板撕裂,板型盘状半月板撕裂比率高于楔型.结论无论成年组或未成年组的盘状半月板多见于外侧,其盘状半月板类型的分布两组间无显著差异.而不同类型的盘状半月板合并半月板撕裂的概率是有差异的,因此,MRI检查对临床确定治疗盘状半月板的方案很有帮助.     

膝关节盘状半月板的MRI诊断

目的　探讨膝关节盘状半月板的MRI表现以及MRI诊断盘状半月板的标准。材料与方法　对 2 6例经手术或关节镜证实的盘状半月板和 3 0例健康志愿者的膝关节进行MRI检查 ,对正常及盘状半月板的形态、大小及信号改变进行对照观察 ,包括半月板宽度和厚度的测量。结果　 2 6例盘状半月板中 ,2 5例为外侧盘状半月板 ,只有 1例为内侧盘状半月板 ,18例为厚板型 ,8例为楔型。冠状面上 ,盘状半月板体部平均宽度及厚度明显大于正常半月板 ,分别为 2 3 .4mm、11.5mm (P <0 .0 5 )和 3 .2mm、0mm(P <0 .0 1)。但盘状半月板边缘厚度与对侧半月板厚度差超过 2mm者只有 6例。矢状面上 ,连续 3层或 3层以上显示盘状半月板的前后角相连形成“领结”样改变 ,而正常半月板只有 2层有此表现。 2 6例盘状半月板中 ,2 4例并发半月板变性或撕裂。结论　盘状半月板多见于外侧半月板。盘状半月板特征性的MR表现是盘状半月板明显较正常半月板厚、大 ,MRI检查易于诊断。盘状半月板常并发半月板变性或撕裂。     

盘状半月板的磁共振成像诊断

目的探讨盘状半月板及其继发病变的磁共振诊断方法和价值。材料和方法23例盘状半月板病例中10例为关节镜证实,另收集23例非盘状半月板膝关节MRI作为对照组。结果MRI上外侧半月板中部宽度与外侧胫骨平台的比率超过50％为盘状半月板可靠的依据。板内Ⅲ级信号改变可为变性、板内撕裂或显性撕裂。结论MRI诊断盘状半月板及其继发病变具有很高的价值。     

MRI对军事训练致盘状半月板损伤的临床应用价值

目的:探讨MRI对军事训练致膝关节盘状半月板损伤的临床应用价值。方法:回顾性分析36例武警部队军人盘状半月板资料,其中33例经关节镜证实盘状半月板撕裂,33例撕裂病例均有明确的军事训练致伤史,观察盘状半月板形态、大小及信号改变,判断盘状半月板及其损伤分型。结果:36例盘状半月板,均发生在外侧。36例中,板型21例,楔型9例,肥角型6例。33例盘状半月板发生撕裂,以关节镜为诊断标准,MRI诊断膝关节盘状半月板准确率为100%,MRI诊断盘状半月板水平撕裂、斜行撕裂、纵行撕裂、放射状撕裂、桶柄状撕裂及复杂撕裂的准确性分别为91.7%、94.4%、100%、97.2%、91.7%、94.4%。结论:MRI对军事训练致盘状半月板撕裂能清晰显示、准确分型,对临床治疗方案的制定有重要的指导作用,具有较高的临床应用价值。     

The value of MRI in the diagnosis of injury of discoid meniscus

目的:探讨MRI对膝关节盘状半月板及其损伤的诊断价值.方法:回顾性分析89例(151个膝关节)盘状半月板及其损伤的MRI、关节镜及手术资料.结果:89例盘状半月板中,88例(150个膝关节)为外侧盘状半月板,1例(1个膝关节)为内侧盘状半月板,表现为半月板增大、增宽、增厚,矢状面上可见≥3个层面前后角相连,冠状面髁闻棘层面半月板宽度>15 mm.本组中81例(138个膝关节)伴半月板损伤,发生率为91.40%,MRI表现为半月板不同程度变性或撕裂.与膝关节镜及手术对照,MRI图像对半月板损伤诊断的特异度为92.31%、敏感度为99.28%,对I～Ⅱ级半月板损伤诊断的符合率为95.00%;对Ⅲ级半月板损伤诊断的符合率为98.98%.结论:MRI能准确判断盘状半月板类型及其损伤的范围和程度,是诊断盘状半月板及其损伤的最佳检查方法.     

盘状半月板42例的磁共振成像诊断分析

盘状半月板又称为盘状软骨．其发育异常、形态呈宽的盘状．容易发生半月板撕裂及囊肿,外侧半月板多见,易引起软骨磨损及剥脱性骨软骨炎。磁共振成像（MRI）检查是一种无创性的检查方法,能很好地显示骨质、半月板和韧带的形态和病变。回顾分析在我院进行膝关节检查并经手术或关节镜证实的42例盘状半月板的MRI图像,观察其形态及信号特征,以提高MRI诊断盘状半月板的确诊率。     

膝关节盘状半月板分型与撕裂类型相关性的MRI分析

目的:进行盘状半月板的流行病学研究,探讨膝关节盘状半月板的诊断标准、分型及其与年龄、撕裂类型的关系,以提高对盘状半月板及撕裂MRI表现的认识。方法:对842例诊断为盘状半月板的患者按年龄分为≤19岁、20³9岁、4039岁、40⁵9岁、≥60岁组。对全部患者冠状面髁间棘层面半月板宽度与胫骨平台宽度之比(板面比)、矢状面"领结样"改变层面中半月板后角最厚层面的厚度及矢状面"领结样"改变层数进行测量、分析。根据盘状半月板MRI表现,分为板型、楔型、肥角型。分析盘状半月板分型、年龄与撕裂类型的关系。结果:盘状半月板以外侧多见,女性发病率是男性的1.64倍。842例中,板型535例、楔型274例、肥角型33例。半月板撕裂354例,撕裂率为42.0%。842例板/面比均≥0.20,矢状面"领结样"改变层面中半月板后角最厚层面的厚度≥4.40mm。盘状半月板分型与撕裂类型及年龄分布有关系,而年龄分布与撕裂类型无明显相关。结论:盘状半月板多见于外侧,常伴半月板撕裂。板面比≥0.20、矢状面"领结样"改变层面中半月板后角最厚层面的厚度≥4.40mm、矢状面连续≥3层"领结样"改变,为盘状半月板的MRI诊断标准;盘状半月板分型与撕裂类型有关系;年龄可影响盘状半月板分型。     

MRI对膝关节盘状半月板及其损伤的诊断价值

目的:探讨MRI对膝关节盘状半月板及其损伤的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析89例(151个膝关节)盘状半月板及其损伤的MRI、关节镜及手术资料。结果:89例盘状半月板中,88例(150个膝关节)为外侧盘状半月板,1例(1个膝关节)为内侧盘状半月板,表现为半月板增大、增宽、增厚,矢状面上可见≥3个层面前后角相连,冠状面髁间棘层面半月板宽度>15mm。本组中81例(138个膝关节)伴半月板损伤,发生率为91.40%,MRI表现为半月板不同程度变性或撕裂。与膝关节镜及手术对照,MRI图像对半月板损伤诊断的特异度为92.31%、敏感度为99.28%;对Ⅰ～Ⅱ级半月板损伤诊断的符合率为95.00%;对Ⅲ级半月板损伤诊断的符合率为98.98%。结论:MRI能准确判断盘状半月板类型及其损伤的范围和程度,是诊断盘状半月板及其损伤的最佳检查方法。     

盘状半月板MRI表现（附56例分析）

目的分析56例盘状半月板MRI表现,以提高盘状半月板诊断正确率.材料和方法经手术、关节镜确诊的56例盘状半月板,对其MR图像不同层面进行测量,参照Crues等有关半月板损伤行MRI分级.结果56例盘状半月板形态学分型凹透镜型29例,厚板型10例,簸箕型5例,后角肥大型8例,不完全型4例,其中央薄弱部分以粉碎性撕裂为主,周缘厚实部分以退变为主,MRI诊断与手术对比总符合率为89.3%;结论对各种盘状半月板的认识有助于提高MRI诊断盘状半月板的正确率,并对外科手术有指导意义.     

MRI诊断青少年盘状半月板及损伤19例分析

膝关节半月板为纤维软骨板,正常内侧呈"C"型,外侧呈"O"型。盘状半月板又称盘状软骨,其形态呈盘状,属于半月板的一种形态异常,发生机制目前尚未明确。2010年以来,我们采用MRI诊断青少年盘状半月     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.