单纯头皮裂伤清创缝合后暴露疗法32例体会

对单纯头皮裂伤采取早期彻底清创缝合,暴露伤口,保持伤口干燥;同时局部清洗消毒,全身酌情应用抗生素,预防感染,可促进伤口愈合,避免换药时疼痛,节省开支,减轻病人经济负担.     

1例多发伤伴足背肌腱外露伴感染的伤口护理

创伤后新型敷料的使用不仅能覆盖创面,更能促进伤口愈合,并可为伤口愈合建立最优的微环境。本文探讨1例多发伤伴足背肌腱外露伴大肠埃希氏菌感染伤口的护理,通过选择多种新型敷料,达到减少伤口感染、减少换药频次、减轻患者疼痛和提高伤口愈合率的效果。同时联合全身评估、营养支持、戒烟及健康教育等措施可促进创伤后感染伤口及慢性伤口的愈合。     

颅眶金属异物2例报告

回顾分析收治的2例颅眶金属异物患者手术处理方式及术后恢复。本组2例伤口均一期愈合,伴视力损伤及伤口畸形愈合。急诊手术处理伤口时,在挽救患者生命的同时还需兼顾患者创伤的一期功能修复及外观修复。     

单纯头皮裂伤清创缝合后暴露疗法32例体会

对单纯头皮裂伤采取早期彻底清创缝合，暴露伤口，保持伤口干燥；同时局部清洗消毒，全身酌情应用抗生素，预防感染，可促进伤口愈合，避免换药时疼痛，节省开支．减轻病人经济负担。     

平时火器伤一期闭合伤口总结

目的研究平时火器伤一期闭合伤口的适应证和方法 ,为战时火器伤救治提供参考。方法对277例平时火器伤伤口清创后一期闭合,同时行异物取出、骨折内外固定,部分行一期各型皮瓣修复软组织缺损,血管修复、断肢断指再植,闭合截肢和其他专科处理。结果死亡3例（1.1%）,术后伤口一期愈合235例（84.8%）,伤口和骨感染27例（9.8%）,部分组织坏死行二期清创缝合12例（4.3%）。结论对于火器伤伤口并不需要完全采用开放术式,可选择性地一期闭合伤口。     

湿润烧伤膏在骨外露感染伤口中的应用

目的：了解湿润烧伤膏在骨外露感染伤口中的应用效果。方法：常规使用MEBO治疗26例骨外露伤口和局部伤口处理，同时结合全身应用抗菌药物。结果：17例骨外露感染伤口愈合，9例经皮瓣转移或邮票式植皮治愈。结论：MEBO在骨外露感染伤口中的应用疗效可靠、且安全，值得推广应用。     

1例阴囊慢性迁延不愈伤口的处理

报告了1例阴囊慢性伤口患者的护理.针对患者阴囊伤口黑色焦痂、黄色渗液及红色肉芽生长的不同时期进行充分评估,根据不同敷料的特性,将水凝胶、藻酸盐及水胶体敷料应用于伤口愈合的不同阶段.同时评估患者的全身情况,做好心理护理、戒烟等措施,减少不良因素刺激.1个月后患者阴囊伤口愈合,无功能障碍.     

高原地区平时火器伤的早期处理

本文总结分析了高原地区（海拔３６５８ｍ）平时火器伤的治疗特点。西藏高原因交通不便，伤员受伤后要较长时间才能入院治疗，但由于西藏特定的地理、气候环境，对细菌生长繁殖不利，为一期清创缝合伤口创造了有利条件。凡伤后２４小时内进行正规的彻底清创同时闭合伤口，对伤口意合无影响；对合并骨折者，大部分可进行一期内固定。只要清创彻底，内固定简单可靠，伤口都能一期愈合。     

1例阴囊慢性迁延不愈伤口的处理

报告了1例阴囊慢性伤口患者的护理。针对患者阴囊伤口黑色焦痂、黄色渗液及红色肉芽生长的不同时期进行充分评估，根据不同敷料的特性，将水凝胶、藻酸盐及水胶体敷料应用于伤口愈合的不同阶段。同时评估患者的全身情况，做好心理护理、戒烟等措施，减少不良因素刺激。1个月后患者阴囊伤口愈合，无功能障碍。     

负压封闭引流术应用于腹腔间隙综合征腹腔减压的效果观察

目的探讨负压封闭引流术(vaccum sealing drainage,VSD)应用于腹腔间隙综合征(abdominalcompartment syndrome,ACS)腹腔开放伤口效果。方法分析2005年1月～2011年7月收治的41例ACS腹腔开放伤口患者资料。其中23例为对照组,进行常规处理;18例为实验组,应用VSD治疗。结果实验组在腹内压(intra-abdominal pressure,IAP)的下降、关腹时间,肠瘘患者伤口缩小能接普通造口袋的时间,减少压疮、伤口感染、切口周围皮炎等并发症及减轻护理工作量方面均优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义。结论 VSD有利于ACS腹腔开放伤口的愈合,同时减少并发症及护理工作量,适合在ACS腹腔开放伤口中的应用。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.