Improving Participation Rates for Women of Color in Health Research: The Role of Group Cohesion

Adherence to physical activity and dietary interventions is a common challenge. Interventions that use group cohesion strategies show promise for increasing adherence, but have not been tested among women of color. The purpose of this study was to determine whether dimensions of group cohesion mediate the association between intervention condition and attendance within a community physical activity program for women of color. African American and Hispanic or Latina women (N = 310) completed measurements at baseline and post-intervention and participated in a social cohesion intervention to improve physical activity and dietary habits. Women were assigned to a physical activity or fruit and vegetable intervention group. Social and task cohesion was measured using the Physical Activity Group Environment Questionnaire (PAGE-Q). Attendance was recorded at each of six intervention sessions. Women were generally middle-age (M age = 46.4 years, SD = 9.1) and obese (M BMI = 34.4 kg/m2, SD = 7.7). The estimate of the mediated effect was significant for all group cohesion constructs, indicating both task constructs—attraction to the group’s task (SE = 0.096, CI: −0.599 to −0.221) and group integration around the task (SE = 0.060, CI: −0.092 to −0.328)—and social constructs—attraction to the group’s social aspects (SE = 0.046, CI: −0.546 to −0.366) and group integration around social aspects (SE = 0.046, CI: −0.546 to −0.366)—significantly mediated the association between group assignment and attendance. Both task and social constructs are important to improve attendance in health promotion interventions for women of color.     

The Case for a Health at Every Size Approach for Chronic Disease Risk Reduction in Women of Color

The conventional approach to chronic disease management in women of color is a dieting-for-weight-loss approach, which has not been proven to be effective. The purpose of this article is to highlight the shortcomings of the dieting-for-weight-loss approach and demonstrate the potential efficacy of the Health at Every Size approach when working with women of color to prevent and address chronic diseases. The article's areas of focus are weight stigma, bias, and size discrimination; the implications of differing weight perceptions and motivations for change; and weight as the primary determinant of health and biological factors affecting weight.     

The Work of Disabled Women Seeking Reproductive Health Care

Sexuality and Disability - Traditionally, the needs of disabled people have been under the specialty known as physical medicine and rehabilitation. The compartmentalization of disabled people to...     

妇女在家庭健康中的作用

家庭是社会的基本单位,家庭的健康状况直接关系到整个社会的健康水平.随着我国经济和社会的发展,妇女地位的逐步提高,她们在家庭中处于核心位置,在家庭健康中起着重要作用.     

Barriers and Motivators for Strength Training Among Women of Color and Caucasian Women

ABSTRACT

The present study examined factors associated with adherence to a strength training (ST) intervention in a randomized controlled intervention trial testing whether twice-weekly strength training over 2 years could prevent age-associated increases in body fat in 80 overweight to mildly obese women, aged 25-44 years. Two sets of focus groups (FGs) were conducted with 25 women of color and 24 Caucasian participants, representing 60% of intervention participants. Fifty-five percent of FG participants had low adherence (defined as ≤80% adherence to twice-weekly gym-based strength training). Demographic data indicated that marital status and childcare responsibilities affected adherence. Participants' perceptions of experiences in the ST intervention did not correspond to adherence levels or vary by race/ethnicity. Major impediments to adherence included competing obligations and related scheduling difficulties; life transitions; and declining or insufficient social motivators.     

以妇女为中心的生殖健康的探讨

以妇女为中心的生殖健康是生殖健康理论与实践中的重要组成部分。这也是一个应该引起学术界重视的问题。本文从问题提出的背景、以妇女为中心的生殖健康的内容及对社会协调发展的影响做了初步的探讨。目的是更好地理解以妇女为中心的生殖健康的实践意义。     

围绝经期妇女健康问题的社区干预效果研究

目的探求改善和提高围绝经期妇女身心健康的社区干预综合措施。方法采用整群抽样的方法，抽取2个社区45～65岁的妇女进行社区干预，对干预前313名及干预后291名进行围绝经保健知、信、行及Greene症状评分法问卷调查，以评价社区干预的效果。结果接受调查的妇女平均年龄为（50．74±5．46）岁，67．2％为无业，68．1％为小学及以下文化程度。干预前后对围绝经期健康知识得分由（5．16±1．74）分提高至（6．09±1．77）分（t=6．15，P=0．000）：“认为老有所为”及“反对忽视围绝经期危害”的选择率分别由67．9％和55.3％提升至83．0％和73．5％（P〈0．05）：激素治疗由28．9％下降到14．5％（t=17.39，P=0．000）;Greene症状评分由（14．83±8．00）分下降至（12．19±6．25）分（t=4．49±0．000），且绝经相关的心理、躯体及性功能障碍症状得到明显改善（P〈0．05）.结论围绝经期妇女健康问题社区干预取得了良好的效果，但保健知识和保健行为之间尚存在着差距．有针对性地开展社区干预措施有利于促进围绝经期妇女的健康.     

Health and Health Care Disparities Among Homeless Women

While disparities in health and health care between vulnerable (e.g., minorities, low-income) and majority populations are well documented, less is known about disparities within these special populations that are large and diverse. Such knowledge is essential to determine the neediest within these generally needy populations, and to plan interventions to reduce their health and health care disparities. With data from 1,331 women residing in Los Angeles County California, in one of the largest, most comprehensive studies of the health of homeless women to date, this study examined the health and health care disparities among homeless African American, Latina, and white women. This study further explored if race/ethnicity and other factors that predispose homeless women to poor health, or enable them to obtain better health care, were associated with their unmet need for medical care. The study found that white, non-Latina women were more likely to report unmet need than African Americans and Latinas, and women suffering from drug abuse, violence, or depression were most in need of care. These findings should be considered in targeting and addressing the special needs of homeless women of different racial/ethnic groups.     

USSR - Women Health Workers

This paper reviews the status of women in the Soviet health system and demonstrates that their improved status is dependent on the total reorganization of the Soviet health system which has occurred since the Octobor Socialist Revolution.     

Women and National Health Insurance

No abstract available for this article.     

Health Inequality Among Estonian Women

In Eastern Europe, in post-Communist countries, transformations during the past 10 years have considerably affected the life of women. Our aims were to (a) examine health status and socioeconomic inequalities among Estonian women, and (b) study the relationships between women's social roles and health. A group of 659 women, aged 18-45, completed the Health Questionnaire for Adults (HQA) and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). Income had the largest effect on self-related health and psychoemotional health ratings. The second important indicator was education. Women's additional social roles (marital status, parental role) were not detrimental to their health in our study.     

Mental Health and Older Women

Currently it is estimated that up to 25 percent of the elderly manifest symptoms of mental disorder. The recognition of the seriousness of the problem has lead to a growing body of research in the field of geriatric mental health. This paper presents an overview of early gerontological studies of life satisfaction and morale of older persons and of the two most prevalent mental health problems of the aged, depression and dementia. Mental health service delivery and utilization issues are also considered.     

计划生育优质服务与妇女健康

世界卫生组织(WHO)早在1947年就把健康定位为"不只是没有疾病,而是人们的身体、心理和社会相融性都处于一个良好的状态".生育健康的定义正是基于这一广义的视角,1994年世界卫生组织全球政策理事会,将生殖健康定义为"生殖系统及其功能和过程涉及的一切事宜在身体、心理和社会方面的安好状态,而不仅仅是没有疾病或不适".人发大会进一步解释"生育健康意味着人们能有满意而安全的性生活、有生育能力,并享有决定是否、何时及间隔多久要孩子的自由,为此,人们应有权了解和获得安全、有效、负担得起、及时可接受的生育调节方法,并有权获得使妇女能安全通过妊娠和分娩的保健服务",生育健康是大众健康不可分割的组成部分.     

安徽省农村妇女孕产期保健供需情况调查分析

为了解安徽省农村妇女在孕产期保健时 ,医疗保健机构提供服务能力和孕产妇利用服务能力的情况 ,以便有针对性地采取一系列干预措施 ,提高提供服务和利用服务的能力。选择金寨、霍山、宁国、界首 4个县市 ,80 0名 2岁以下儿童母亲作孕产期保健情况调查 ,结果表明 :虽 92 %以上的孕妇做了产前检查 ,但仅有不到 15 %的人知道哪些是怀孕时的高危症状 ,应该去看医生 ,而且还有 7.6%和 3 3 .66%不做产前检查和住院分娩。因此 ,认为应该尽快改变过去的保健服务模式 ,开展全方位服务。     

The Picture of Health for Midlife and Older Women in America

This report overviews the major health problems of middle aged and older women and health care access issues. The relationship of labor force involvement to health status and insurance benefits is considered. Other payment sources such as Medicaid and Medicare are critiqued for their failure to finance needed prevention and other services.