多层螺旋CT冠状动脉钙化积分初探

目的　评价多层螺旋 CT测定冠状动脉钙化积分的准确性。材料与方法　 45例患者 (32例有冠心病病史 ,其余 13例无症状 )行多层螺旋 CT(MSCT)钙化积分检查 ,其中 10例另行冠状动脉造影检查。结果　冠心病组的平均钙化分数为 480 .5± 42 .3,与无症状组的 12 6 .3± 2 3.9有显著性差异 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;将 10例进行血管造影的患者 4的结果与多层螺旋 CT所得的冠状动脉钙化分数作对比 ,以积分大于 40 0者统计为阳性 ,发现两者之间的结果无显著性差异 (P>0 .0 5 )。结论　 MSCT整合心电门控扫描可较准确地测量冠状动脉钙化积分 ,为临床的治疗提供依据     

16层螺旋CT冠状动脉钙化积分的临床分析

目的评价16层螺旋CT冠状动脉钙化积分在冠心病诊断中的临床应用价值。方法 48例患者均行16层螺旋CT冠状动脉钙化积分检查和冠状动脉造影。结果 冠心病组的平均钙化分数为475.5±41.2,与对照组的116.3±21.3差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),冠状动脉造影的结果与16层螺旋CT冠状动脉钙化积分结果对照,以积分>400为阳性,<400为阴性。两者之间的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 16层螺旋CT冠状动脉钙化积分分析可以作为冠心病高危人群筛选,高积分值与冠脉狭窄有明显的相关性。     

多层螺旋CT评价冠状动脉狭窄和钙化的应用价值

目的 研究多层螺旋CT诊断冠状动脉狭窄的准确性以及冠状动脉狭窄与钙化的关系.方法 对52例临床可疑冠心病患者(男34例,年龄61岁±12岁)进行多层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影和常规冠状动脉造影.用CT平扫图像计算冠状动脉钙化积分.用CT增强扫描图像评价冠状动脉超过50%的狭窄,将结果 与常规冠状动脉造影作对照.分析冠状动脉狭窄和钙化的相关关系.结果 常规冠状动脉造影发现208个冠状动脉分支中61个超过50%狭窄.CT血管造影诊断冠状动脉超过50%狭窄的敏感性为93.4%,特异性为91.8%.冠状动脉狭窄严重程度与钙化程度的spearman相关系数为r=0.783,P<0.01.结论 多层螺旋CT对诊断冠状动脉狭窄有较高的敏感性和特异性.冠状动脉狭窄与钙化有显著相关关系.     

多层螺旋CT对冠状动脉钙化的定量分析及临床意义

目的 :评价多层螺旋CT(MSCT)测定冠状动脉钙化积分的准确性及临床意义。方法 :搜集 12 5例在我院行MSCT检查临床怀疑或确诊为冠心病的病例资料。MSCT扫描采用心电门控触发成像 ,单次扫描时间为 0 .3 2s ,层厚为 2mm× 4。钙化灶定义为CT值≥ 13 0HU。其中 2 3例另行冠状动脉造影检查。结果 :12 5例受检者冠状动脉钙化有 92例 ( 73 .6% ) ,各部位发生率依次为左前降支 ( 3 4.9% )、回旋支 ( 3 1.7% )、右冠状动脉 ( 2 7.3 % )和左冠状动脉主干 ( 6.1% ) ;<5 0岁和 5 0～ 65岁冠心病组冠状动脉钙化率、钙化积分明显高于正常组 ,≥ 65岁冠心病组冠状动脉钙化率与正常组无显著差别 ,但钙化积分明显高于正常组。冠脉钙化检测冠心病在年轻组特异性高 ,敏感性低 ,随年龄增大敏感性增高而特异性降低。结论 :多层螺旋CT检出冠状动脉钙化简便易行 ,有较高的敏感性和特异性 ,可广泛用于临床预测及早期诊断冠心病。     

重建层厚对64层螺旋CT冠状动脉钙化积分值的影响

目的:评价重建层厚对64层螺旋CT扫描冠状动脉钙化积分值的影响。材料和方法:对50例冠状动脉钙化患者行64层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影,按1．5、3．0和5．0mm层厚重建,分别计算冠状动脉各段钙化斑块的Agatston积分、体积积分和钙质量积分,比较3种层厚重建之间积分测量值差异。结果:同一患者冠状动脉钙化斑块Agatston积分、体积积分及钙质量积分值于不同重建层厚获得不同结果:重建层厚1．5mm时Agatston积分、钙化斑块体积积分及钙质量积分值分别为(435．3±531．4)、(348．6±418．6)mm3、(89．1±111．9)mg;重建层厚3．0mm时分别为(355．3±465．9)、(304．2±384．8)mm3、(67．8±89．3)mg;重建层厚为5．0mm时积分值分别为(295．9±409．8)、(234．8±315．9)mm3、(54．3±74．6)mg。1．5mm重建层厚钙化积分值高于层厚3．0、5．0mm重建。结论:重建层厚影响冠状动脉钙化积分值的大小,薄层重建图像冠脉钙化积分值高于厚层重建图像。     

多排螺旋CT冠状动脉钙化积分与冠状动脉狭窄程度对比研究

目的探讨多排螺旋CT（MSCT）冠状动脉钙化积分与冠状动脉狭窄程度的关系。方法43例冠心病患者行MSCT冠状动脉钙化积分及常规冠状动脉造影，分析钙化处血管狭窄程度。结果无狭窄或轻度狭窄处平均钙化积分75．6；中度狭窄处平均钙化积分118．1；重度狭窄处平均钙化积分122．7。经方差分析，F=2．563，P〉0．05，三组钙化积分无统计学意义。结论MSCT冠脉钙化积分仅能反映血管病变而不能准确推测冠脉狭窄程度。     

40层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影诊断冠状动脉狭窄

目的:评价40层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影诊断冠状动脉明显狭窄的准确性和可行性.材料和方法:78例疑似冠心病患者在3周内进行40层CT冠状动脉造影及经皮选择性冠状动脉造影,以冠状动脉造影结果为金标准对照40层CT诊断冠状动脉主干及主要分支狭窄的准确性.结果:40层螺旋CT所显示的786支冠状动脉中狭窄61处,确诊52处、漏诊3处和误诊9处;敏感性94.5%,特异性98.7%;阳性预测值85.2%和阴性预测值99.5%.结论:40层螺旋CT对冠状动脉狭窄诊断有较高的准确性,可作为诊断冠状动脉狭窄的一种筛选手段.     

16层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像的临床应用

目的:探讨16层螺旋CT冠状动脉(简称冠脉)成像在冠心病诊断中的临床价值。方法:选取50例临床诊断或可疑冠心病患者行16层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影检查(MSCTCA),先行冠脉钙化积分平扫,然后行冠脉增强扫描,选取一组质量最佳的薄层图像行冠脉三维重建,分析MSCTCA对冠状动脉狭窄性病变的显示能力,并对冠脉支架显示及通畅性进行评价。结果:冠脉钙化积分与其狭窄程度呈正相关,中度以上狭窄的冠脉钙化积分值明显高于轻度狭窄,其间有统计学显著性差异(P<0.001)。MSCTCA对诊断有临床意义的冠脉中度以上狭窄的敏感度、特异度、诊断准确率、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别约89.6%、93.9%、92.6%、86.7%、95.4%。MSCTCA对冠脉支架显示良好,检出5例9根支架,其中2根支架不通畅,出现支架内再狭窄。结论:16层螺旋CT冠脉成像安全、无创,对评价冠状动脉狭窄、支架开放及通畅性等方面有着较高的临床应用价值,可作为冠心病筛查的有效手段以及介入和手术治疗后的随访手段。     

冠状动脉多层螺旋CT成像与常规冠脉造影对照研究

目的：探讨16层螺旋CT用于诊断冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)的价值。资料与方法：对230例临床可疑冠心病患者进行16层螺旋CT心电门控平扫及增强扫描。用平扫图像行钙化积分测定，用增强图像行二维及三维重建，其中40例患者有常规冠状动脉造影作对照。以常规造影为“金标准”，得出16层螺旋CT冠状动脉CT血管造影(CTA)诊断各类冠状动脉狭窄的敏感性、特异性和准确性。结果：16层螺旋CT冠状动脉CTA用于诊断冠状动脉轻度狭窄的敏感性为95.2％，特异性为90.2％；诊断中度以上狭窄的敏感性为100％，特异性为97.3％。结论：16层螺旋CT冠状动脉CTA是一种无创、简便、优良的冠状动脉成像方法，高质量的CTA图像可作为一种诊断冠心病的可靠手段用于临床。     

多层螺旋CT冠状动脉钙化积分的研究进展

冠状动脉钙化积分对于冠心病的预测有重要的临床价值,随着CT技术发展,多层螺旋CT在冠状动脉钙化检测方面的价值逐渐成为临床研究的热点。本文叙述了多层螺旋CT在冠状动脉钙化积分方面的研究进展。     

Non-invasive assessment of coronary artery geometry using coronary CTA

AimTo assess the association of coronary artery geometry with the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD).Methods73 asymptomatic individuals at increased risk of CAD due to peripheral vascular disease (18 women, mean age 63.5 ± 8.2 years) underwent coronary computed tomography angiography (coronary CTA) using first generation dual-source CT. Curvature and tortuosity of the coronary arteries were quantified using semi-automatically generated centerlines. Measurements were performed for individual segments and for the entire artery. Coronary segments were labeled according to the presence of significant stenosis, defined as >70% luminal narrowing, and the presence of plaque. Comparisons were made by segment and by artery, using linear mixed models.ResultsOverall, median curvature and tortuosity were, respectively, 0.094 [0.071; 0.120] and 1.080 [1.040; 1.120] on a per-segment level, and 0.096 [0.078; 0.118] and 1.175 [1.090; 1.420] on a per-artery level. Curvature was associated with significant stenosis at a per-segment (p < 0.001) and per-artery level (p = 0.002). Curvature was 16.7% higher for segments with stenosis, and 13.8% higher for arteries with stenosis. Tortuosity was associated with significant stenosis only at the per-segment level (p = 0.002). Curvature was related to the presence of plaque at the per-segment (p < 0.001) and per-artery level (p < 0.001), tortuosity was only related to plaque at the per-segment level (p < 0.001).ConclusionCoronary artery geometry as derived from coronary CTA is related to the presence of plaque and significant stenosis.     

Influence of coronary dominance on coronary artery calcification burden

ObjectiveTo evaluate the influence of coronary artery dominance on observed coronary artery calcification burden in outpatients presenting for coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA).MethodsA 12-month retrospective review was performed of all CCTAs at a single institution. Coronary arterial dominance, Agatston score and presence or absence of cardiovascular risk factors including hypertension (HTN), hyperlipidemia (HLD), diabetes and smoking were recorded. Dominance groups were compared in terms of calcium score adjusted for covariates using analysis of covariance based on ranks. Only covariates observed to be significant independent predictors of the relevant outcome were included in each analysis. All statistical tests were conducted at the two-sided 5% significance level.Results1223 individuals, 618 women and 605 men were included, mean age 60 years (24–93 years). Right coronary dominance was observed in 91.7% (n = 1109), left dominance in 8% (n = 98), and codominance in 1.3% (n = 16). The distribution of patients among Agatston score severity categories significantly differed between codominant and left (p = 0.008), and codominant and right (p = 0.022) groups, with higher prevalence of either zero or severe CAC in the codominant patients. There was no significant difference in Agatston score between dominance groups. In the subset of individuals with coronary artery calcification, Agatston score was significantly higher in codominant versus left dominant patients (mean Agatston score 595 ± 520 vs. mean 289 ± 607, respectively; p = 0.049), with a trend towards higher scores in comparison to the right-dominant group (p = 0.093). Significance was not maintained upon adjustment for covariates.ConclusionsWhile the distribution of Agatston score severity categories differed in codominant versus right- or left-dominant patients, there was no significant difference in Agatston score based on coronary dominance pattern in our cohort. Reporting and inclusion of codominant subsets in larger investigations may elucidate whether codominant anatomy is associated with differing risk.     

冠心病患者冠状动脉侧支循环形成的形态学特点分析

目的:分析国人冠状动脉侧支循环的形态学特点。方法:将265例冠心病病人的冠状动脉造影结果进行分析,按Levin的方法进行分类,并与之比较。结果:不同狭窄程度两组间侧支循环开放率差别有高度统计学意义(X2=14.43,P<0.001)。三支血管间侧支循环开放率差别均有统计学意义(X2=3.96,X2=4.28,P<0.05)。东、西方组冠状动脉各支病变的侧支分布的比较差别有高度统计学意义(右冠状动脉X2=9.68,P<0.01;左冠状动脉X2=41.73,P<0.001;左冠状动脉旋支X2=8.54,P<0.01。结论:冠状动脉侧支循环的形成与冠状动脉狭窄程度及病变血管有关。中国人的冠状动脉侧支循环具有独特性。     

CT冠状动脉成像在冠心病诊断中的应用

目的:研究CT冠状动脉成像在冠心病早期诊断冠状动脉狭窄定性定量判读的作用。方法:对34例临床未发生急性冠脉综合征的冠心病患者,先后进行冠状动脉造影、128排双源CT冠状动脉成像。以冠状动脉造影为"金标准",计算CT冠状动脉成像敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值。结果:①与冠状动脉造影相比,CT冠状动脉成像的敏感性为68%,特异性为97%,阳性预测值为89%,阴性预测值为90%。②CT冠状动脉成像有65个血管段图像质量差,约占12%,造成图像质量差的原因主要为钙化,心跳、呼吸伪影,少部分为管腔显示不良。结论:冠心病早期诊断中,CT冠状动脉成像可用作冠状动脉造影前筛选,CT冠状动脉成像阴性的患者不必行冠状动脉造影检查;CT冠状动脉成像阳性的患者,可行冠状动脉造影进一步确认病变。     

Small coronary vessel disease and sudden coronary death

In an attempt to determine the importance of atherosclerosis in medium-sized coronary arteries, the hearts of 20 patients dying of cardiac disease, within 24 hours of the onset of symptoms, were compared with 19 controls. Post-mortem coronary angiograms were performed and the coronary arteries dissected in detail. Severe stenoses, or complete occlusions, were present in 34 of 80 major coronary arteries in the sudden cardiac death (SCD) group and 5 of 76 in the controls. Medium-sized branch vessels were severely stenosed or occluded in 20.5 per cent (37 of 180 vessels) in the SCD group and 6.4 per cent (11 of 171 vessels) in the controls. Forty of the 48 diseased branch vessels arose from the left anterior descending artery. In the SCD group, 18 patients died from major coronary artery atheroma, one from hypertensive heart disease and only one from disease of a branch vessel. We conclude that, in most cases of SCD, careful macroscopic examination of the major coronary vessels will provide an adequate explanation for death. Detailed dissection of all medium-sized branch vessels is unlikely to be of value as a routine procedure but, at the very least, pathologists should identify and dissect the first septal and diagonal branches of the left anterior descending artery in every post-mortem.     

HSRA联合PTCA或支架成形术治疗老年钙化性冠状动脉狭窄

目的:探讨高速冠状动脉旋磨术(HSRA)联合经皮冠状动脉腔内血管成形术(PTCA)或支架置入术对治疗老年冠心病患者钙化性冠状动脉狭窄近期和远期效果。方法:对30例老年冠心病患者经冠状动脉造影诊断为钙化性狭窄的31处靶血管行高速冠状动脉旋磨术,并行补充性PTCA或支架置入术,观察近期疗效、并发症发生率、远期随访结果。结果:由术前狭窄(83.6±5.6)％减至术后残余狭窄(7.0±9.4)％,血管造影成功率100％,操作成功率96.7％,急性期无死亡、Q波心肌梗死、急诊冠脉搭桥(CABG),1例无Q波心肌梗死,随访期内1例心肌缺血症状复发,心源性死亡1例,再次血管重建2例,无CABG病例。结论:高速冠状动脉旋磨术联合PTCA或支架置入术治疗老年患者钙化性冠状动脉狭窄安全可行,成功率高,并发症少,远期效果好。     

Relationship of epicardial fat volume to coronary plaque,severe coronary stenosis,and high-risk coronary plaque features assessed by coronary CT angiography

BackgroundAssociations of epicardial fat volume (EFV) measured on noncontrast cardiac CT (NCT) include coronary plaque, myocardial ischemia, and adverse cardiac events.ObjectivesThis study aimed to define the relationship of EFV to coronary plaque type, severe coronary stenosis, and the presence of high-risk plaque features (HRPFs).MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated 402 consecutive patients, with no prior history of coronary artery disease, who underwent same day NCT and coronary CT angiography (CTA). EFV was measured on NCT with the use of validated, semiautomated software. The coronary arteries were evaluated for coronary plaque type (calcified [CP], noncalcified [NCP], or partially calcified [PCP]) and coronary stenosis severity ≥70% with the use of coronary CTA. For patients with NCP and PCP, 2 high-risk plaque features were evaluated: low-attenuation plaque and positive remodeling.ResultsThere were 402 patients with a median age of 66 years (range, 23–92 years) of whom 226 (56%) were men. The EFV was greater in patients with CP (112 ± 55 cm³ vs 89 ± 39 cm³), PCP (110 ± 57 cm³ vs 98 ± 45 cm³), and NCP (115 ± 44 cm³ vs EFV 100 ± 52 cm³). In the 192 patients with PCP or NCP, on multivariable analysis, after adjusting for conventional cardiovascular risk factors, EFV was an independent predictor of ≥70% coronary artery stenosis (odds ratio [OR], 3.0; 95% CI, 1.3–6.6; P = 0.008), any high-risk plaque features (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 0.9–3.4; P = 0.04), and low attention plaque (OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.1–5.1; P = 0.02) but not of positive remodeling.ConclusionsEFV is greater in patients with CP, PCP, and NCP. In patients with NCP and PCP, EFV is significantly associated with severe coronary stenosis, high-risk plaque features, and low attenuation plaque.