血液净化治疗感染性休克伴急性肾损伤疗效观察

目的探讨血液净化治疗感染性休克伴急性肾损伤的临床效果。方法选取2013年1月至2015年12月感染性休克伴急性肾损伤患者104例,根据血液净化方式将患者分为两组,IHD组59例行间歇性血液透析,CBP组45例行连续性血液净化。比较两组血液指标及急性生理和慢性健康状况(APACHEⅡ)评分。结果治疗后7 d,心率,血清肌酐、尿素氮、肿瘤坏死因子-α、白细胞介素-6、APACHEⅡ评分CBP组低于IHD组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。ICU住院时间CBP组短于IHD组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组总住院时间、住院死亡和出院后6个月内死亡,比较差异未见统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论连续性血液净化治疗感染性休克伴急性肾损伤早期效果较好。     

不同血液净化方式治疗重症心力衰竭合并肾功能不全的疗效分析

目的：探讨连续性血液净化（CBP）和间歇性血液透析（IHD）的治疗重症心力衰竭合并肾功能不全疗效及预后的差别。方法：回顾性分析2001年6月～2007年12月我科治疗的重症心力衰竭合并肾功能不全需血液净化患者35例的临床资料。结果：与IHD组比较,CBP组患者血肌酐、尿素氮很快下降,并能维持在相对较低的水平;电解质、碳酸氢根、血pH水平较稳定。低血压、心律失常和心功能不全发生率低。CBP组12例存活,7例）死亡;IHD组9例存活,7例死亡,差异有显著性（P〈0.01）。结论：CBP能明显改善重症心力衰竭合并肾功能不全患者的预后,疗效优于IHD。     

连续性血液净化在心脏术后严重肾衰竭中的应用

目的探讨连续性血液净化(CBP)治疗心脏术后急性肾衰竭的时机及有效性。方法对北京安贞医院血液净化中心2003年11月～2005年8月70例心脏手术后因急性肾衰竭接受连续性血液净化的患者分为生存组和死亡组,将其临床资料进行回顾分析比较。CBP方式以连续性静脉-静脉血液透析滤过(CVVHDF)及连续性静脉-静脉血液滤过(CVVH)为主,对两组患者治疗前进行APACHEⅡ评分,并分别观察两组患者治疗前、治疗24h、48h和72h平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)、氧合指数(PaO2/FiO2)、血乳酸(Lac)等指标,观察治疗前及治疗期间的白细胞(WBC)及血小板(Plt)计数、肾功能(BUN、Cr)、心肌酶(AST、CPK、LDH)的变化。结果70例患者中存活35例,死亡35例。两组患者治疗前APACHEII评分、MAP、Lac、BUN、Cr及CPK、AST差异存在显著性(P<0.05)。经CBP后两组患者MAP、PaO2/FiO2、BUN、Cr和心肌酶较治疗前均有明显改善(P<0.05),而HR、WBC和Plt治疗前后变化不明显(P>0.05)。结论CBP是治疗心脏术后并发严重急性肾衰竭的有效手段,尽早进行CBP有助于减少多脏器功能衰竭的发生,降低死亡率。     

连续性血液净化辅助治疗急性肾功能衰竭伴多器官功能障碍综合征26例临床分析

目的:探讨连续血液净化(CBP)辅助治疗对急性肾功能衰竭(ARF)伴多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)的预后影响.方法:回顾性分析我院2009年10月至2011年10月收治的应用连续血液净化(CBP)治疗ARF伴MODS 26例的临床资料.结果:CBP治疗后血尿毒素、K+、pH值、HCO3-、BE、AST、LDH、乳酸、MAP、CVP、HR、PO2/FiO2、APACHEⅡ均较治疗前显著改善,P均<0.05;30 d、60 d生存率分别为68.2%和59.1%.结论:CBP能纠正电解质、酸碱失衡,改善内环境和器官功能,最终改善预后.     

连续性血液净化防治心脏术后急性肾功能衰竭的时机选择

目的观察连续性血液净化(CBP)在心脏术后急性肾功能衰竭(ARF)患者防治中的疗效,并探讨CBP治疗的时机及其与预后的关系.方法26例心脏术后重症ARF患者按治疗时机分为A(17例)、B(9例)两组.A组当出现尿量连续8 h＜100 ml且对60 mg速尿无反应而不论肌酐水平多少时行CBP;B组当血肌酐＞176.8 μmol/L而不论尿量多少时行CBP治疗.对两组患者治疗前和治疗24 h后的MODS评分、APACHEⅢ评分、平均动脉压(MAP)、氧合指数、血尿素氮(BUN)和血肌酐(Scr),以及手术距CBP时间、CBP持续时间和术后并发症等指标进行比较.结果①B组手术距CBP时间明显长于A组,A组术后心衰、肺水肿、ARDS、脓毒血症、器官衰竭数目明显少于B组(P＜0.05).②B组的死亡率明显高于A组(77.8%vs 29.4%,P=0.038);③CBP治疗24h后,A组及B组的APACHEⅢ评分、氧合指数、BUN和Scr均有明显改善,仅A组的MODS评分、MAP显著改善(P＜0.05).结论CBP是防治心脏术后重症ARF的有效手段,但必须强调合适的治疗时机,其治疗时机应选择发生少尿或无尿的期间,而不应以肌酐水平作为标准,从而及早行CBP治疗,减少并发症,提高生存率.     

连续性血液净化在重症急性肾功能衰竭的应用8例分析

目的：探讨连续性血液净化（CBP）在重症急性肾功能衰竭（ARF）的临床应用，观察疗效。方法：8例重症ARF患者经颈内静脉或股静脉留置单针双腔导管建立通道，均采取连续性静脉一静脉血液滤过（CVVH）治疗模式，治疗上除CBP外，主要包括原发病的处理和重要脏器或系统功能的支持或维护。结果：8例患者6例治愈，1例病情稳定后改间歇性血液透析（IHD）治疗，1例死亡。结论：CBP是治疗重症ARF以及合并多器官功能衰竭的有效手段。     

不同血液净化方式对肾功能衰竭患者生活质量的影响

目的 探讨不同血液净化方式对肾功能衰竭患者生活质量的影响.方法 选择2008年6月至2011年6月我院收治的140例肾功能衰竭患者为研究对象,随机分为4组,连续性血液净化(CBP)组(A组)34例、间歇性血液透析(IHD)组(B组)36例、腹膜透析(PD)组(C组)35例、对照组(D组)35例,观察治疗前后4组的血肌酐(Scr)、尿素氮(BUN)、生活质量评分(采用FACT量表)以及生存率和临床好转率的变化.结果 与D组比较,各组Scr、BUN明显降低,A、B、C组患者FACT评分、生存率及临床好转率均明显高于D组,A组临床好转率及生存率明显高于B、C组.结论 连续性血液净化治疗的疗效高于间歇性血液透析和腹膜透析,能明显改善患者的预后,提高患者的生命质量.     

血液净化在多器官功能衰竭中的应用效果及预后因素的分析

目的探讨血液净化在多器官功能衰竭中的应用效果及预后的分析。方法选取我院70例多器官功能衰竭患者进行分析,采用血液净化治疗,治疗5天,随访6个月,比较治疗前后血液净化对容量负荷、溶质清除效果、氧合指数、APACHEⅡ评分、SOFA评分以及影响预后的因素进行分析。结果 70例患者的衰竭脏器数2~6个[(4.1±1.1)个]。其中肺50例(71.4%),心56例(80.0%),脑44例(62.9%),肠道40例(57.1%),肝25例(35.7%),胰腺10例(14.2%)。70例患者死亡36例,占51.4%,而且随着功能衰竭的器官个数增加而增加。治疗后患者的多巴胺用量、PO2/FIO2、血肌酐明显优于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后患者的APACHEⅡ评分、平均动脉压、中心静脉压、SOFA评分与治疗前比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);存活患者的容量负荷、溶质清除效果、氧合指数、APACHEⅡ评分、SOFA评分均优于死亡患者(P0.05)。36例患者死亡,且随着功能衰竭的器官个数增加而增加;多因素分析显示血液净化治疗前的功能衰竭的器官个数、APACHEⅡ评分、SOFA评分、平均动脉压是导致患者死亡的危险因素。结论多器官功能衰竭采用血液净化可以起到一定的治疗效果,而且预后与患者的功能衰竭的器官个数等因素有关。     

连续性静脉静脉血液滤过治疗毒蜂蜇伤并多器官功能障碍综合征的疗效观察

目的:观察和评价连续性静脉静脉血液滤过(CVVH)治疗对毒蜂蜇伤合并多脏器功能障碍综合征(MODS)的疗效.方法:收集三峡大学人民医院2001-2008年救治的32例毒蜂蜇伤并MODS患者的临床资料,根据血液灌流(HP)后继续行血液净化治疗的不同方法,将32例分为CVVH组(n=17)和间歇性血液透析(IHD)组(n=15).比较两组患者治疗前(0 d),治疗后1、3、7、14d急性生理和慢性健康状况评分(APACHE Ⅱ)的变化、病死率.结果:CVVH组在第1、3、7天APACHE Ⅱ评分低于IHD组(P＜0.01),下降更为迅速,到第14天时两组APACHE Ⅱ评分无显著差异.CVVH组死亡1例(5.9%),IHD组死亡2例(13.3%),两组相比差异无统计学意义(P=0.59).结论:CVVH能迅速有效减轻毒蜂蜇伤并MODS患者的脏器功能损伤,但与IHD相比未能降低死亡率.     

不同血液净化方法对脓毒症性急性肾损伤的预后影响

目的 探讨运用急性肾损伤(acute kidney injury,AKI)的RIFLE(Risk,Injury,Failure,Loss,and End-stage kidnev disease)分层诊断标准和急性生理与慢性健康状况评分(APACHE)Ⅱ分析脓毒症性急性肾损伤采取不同血液净化方式对患者预后的影响.方法 回顾性分析2004年3月至2006年9月收住于天津市天和医院ICU的96例脓毒症性急性肾损伤的患者;纳人标准:2001年国际脓毒症定义会议的诊断标准和2004年急性肾损伤的RIFLE分层诊断标准.依据血液净化方式分为持续性肾脏替代治疗(continuous renal replacement therapy,CRRT)组(54例)和间歇性血液透析(intermittent hemodialysis,IHD)组(42例),CRRT组参照RIFLE标准分为Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期;临床资料采用Excel建立数据库,SPSS11.5医学统计软件包进行数据分析,评价患者进人ICU即刻、48 h、急性期末次血液净化结束后24 h的生命体征、实验室指标、APACHE Ⅱ评分动态变化和患者的不同预后.两组资料的比较采用成组t检验,治疗前后的比较采用配对t检验,率的比较采用χ2检验.结果 ①CRRT组与IHD组治疗前APACHE Ⅱ评分、血肌酐(Cr)差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),病死率分别为51.9%和52.4%(P>0.05),肾功能恢复率分别为92.3%与65.0%(P<0.05);②CRRT组患者平均动脉压(mean arterial pressure,MAP)和血氧饱和度(oxygen saturation,SpO2)较IHD组低(P<0.05),治疗后MAP、SpO2有所上升(P<0.05);③CRRT组中Ⅰ期患者存活率78.6%、治疗前APACHEⅡ评分(25.4±2.5)、肾功能恢复率90.9%,APACHE Ⅱ变化(-13.6±4.3);而Ⅲ期患者上诉指标分别为38.1%,(36.1±5.7).62.5%,(-7.1±4.2),差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 RIFLE标准对AKI早期诊断和判断预后有指导意义,运用AKI的RIFLE标准结合APACHEⅡ评分选择治疗时机,早期采取CRRT能改善脓毒症性急性肾损伤患者的预后.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.