蝶窦后鼻孔息肉3例

目的：探讨蝶窦后鼻孔息肉的诊治方法,提高其诊治水平。方法：3例蝶窦后鼻孔息肉患者术前均行鼻窦CT及鼻内镜检查;手术于鼻内镜下进行,查清根蒂起源后彻底钳除蝶窦口周或窦内息肉根蒂。结果：随访半年余,未见复发。结论：鼻窦CT及鼻内镜检查是确定后鼻孔息肉根蒂起源的主要方法;鼻内镜下彻底钳除蝶窦口周或窦内息肉根蒂是蝶窦后鼻孔息肉手术治疗的重点,是防止术后复发的关键。     

经鼻内窥镜手术治疗儿童鼻部少见病

目的总结鼻内窥镜治疗儿童鼻部疾病的疗效.方法7例鼻部疾病患儿行鼻内窥镜手术治疗,其中后鼻孔息肉5例,先天性后鼻孔闭锁1例,急性筛、上颌窦炎并眶蜂窝织炎1例.结果7例患儿均获良好疗效.结论儿童鼻部少见病中以后鼻孔息肉多见,用鼻内窥镜治疗后鼻孔息肉,疗效明显优于传统息肉摘除术.经鼻内窥镜治疗后鼻孔闭锁术具有术野清晰、损失少、成功率高的优点.小儿急性鼻窦炎并眶蜂窝织炎是小儿急性鼻窦炎的危险并发症,确诊后应及时有效地应用大剂量抗生素及鼻窦引流减压.     

儿童上颌窦后鼻孔息肉19例临床分析

目的探讨儿童上颌窦后鼻孔息肉的临床特点和治疗方法。方法分析郑州市儿童医院耳鼻咽喉科收治的19例儿童上颌窦后鼻孔息肉患者的临床资料。所有患者均在全麻下经鼻内镜行鼻息肉切除术。结果 19例均单侧发病,鼻内镜见息肉从上颌窦口突入后鼻孔。CT检查19例患侧上颌窦均充满液体或软组织影,其中11例窦口扩大,13例伴有患侧或双侧鼻窦炎。术中见息肉发生在上颌窦口11例,窦内侧壁5例,内后外侧壁2例,原发部位不明确1例。窦内有成块状息肉2例,黄色黏液囊肿1例,上颌窦有黄色浆液6例,脓液5例。随访1～2年,复发3例。结论儿童上颌窦后鼻孔息肉多发生在上颌窦口和窦内各壁,病因可能与上颌窦囊肿和炎症有关。彻底切除上颌窦内和窦口区病变、术后较长时间应用抗生素、冲洗窦腔使黏膜上皮化是治疗的关键。     

鼻内镜手术治疗后鼻孔息肉

目的　研究鼻内镜手术治疗后鼻孔息肉的方法和疗效。方法　回顾2009年1月～2013年12月我科经鼻内镜手术治疗的后鼻孔息肉患者59例,并对后鼻孔息肉的临床特点、手术入路的选择以及疗效进行分析和讨论。结果所有患者后鼻孔息肉均起源于上颌窦,50例患者采用鼻内镜下经上颌窦口入路行息肉切除术,6例患者采用鼻内镜联合下鼻道上颌窦开窗入路行息肉切除术,3例患者采用经鼻内镜联合柯-陆氏入路上颌窦开窗行息肉切除术。3例患者术后复发接受2次手术,手术成功率95.4%。结论　根据息肉基底部的位置不同选择不同的手术入路,彻底切除息肉的基底部是避免后鼻孔息肉复发的关键。     

鼻内窥镜下息肉切割器腺样体切除术

目的 探讨在鼻内窥镜下用微型息肉切割器切除肥大腺样体的效果。方法 对7例腺样体增生儿童,在鼻内窥镜下用息肉切割器行腺样体切除术,对照手术前后的治疗效果。结果 术后张口呼吸及打鼾全部消失,随访3月～2年无复发,伴渗出性中耳炎者辅以中耳穿刺治疗而治愈,鼻窦炎症状减轻．均无并发症出现。结论 鼻内窥镜下用息肉切割器行腺样体切除术是一种安全有效的手术方法。     

儿童后鼻孔息肉

后鼻孔息肉是一种特殊类型的鼻息肉,乃息肉样变的上颌窦粘膜经窦口或副孔坠入鼻腔而成,较筛窦息肉明显少见,文献记载约占全部鼻息肉患者的3～6%(成人)至33%(儿童),故多见于儿童。作者统计在162名伴鼻息肉的慢性筛、颌窦炎患儿(4～14岁)中,49例(30.5%)有后鼻孔息肉,大多单侧,仅1例11岁患儿有双后鼻孔息肉,1例有二息肉,28例伴单侧鼻窦炎,病程在2年以内,21例伴有病程3年以上的双侧鼻窦炎。诊断靠症状、前及后鼻镜检查、鼻咽指检、上颌窦穿刺和造影、鼻咽部侧位 X 线片及碘油造影片。因多系小儿,咽反射敏感和腭扁桃体肥大故不易行后鼻孔镜检,常将后鼻孔息肉误诊为腺样体增殖、下甲后端肥大、囊肿、乳头状瘤、鼻     

鼻内孔缩小术治疗萎缩性鼻炎

目的探讨鼻内孔缩小术对萎缩性鼻炎的疗效。方法报告23例(41侧)鼻内孔缩小术，并采用荧光素棉线法于手术前后进行鼻粘膜分泌功能检测。结果术后随访1～2年，19例症状全部消失，2例鼻内孔过度缩窄，经切开置管扩张，鼻塞消失，2例(3侧)缩小的鼻内孔再度变大，仍需用药治疗。鼻分泌功能测试，棉线着色长度术前为18.36mm±4.61mm，术后2年为23.73mm±6.25mm，二者差别具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论鼻内孔缩小术可有效减少鼻通气量，减轻症状，改善鼻分泌功能，是可取的有效方法。     

后鼻孔息肉的临床类型和诊断及鼻内镜手术

目的探讨后鼻孔息肉的临床类型、诊断及鼻内镜手术的方法和效果。方法总结1998年1月至2005年12月收治的34例后鼻孔息肉患者的临床资料，分析其发病方式、来源、临床表现、与鼻窦的关系以及鼻内镜手术技巧和疗效。结果①18例发病源于鼻窦囊肿或息肉，其中上颌窦17例，后筛窦1例；②5例发病分别源于鼻囟门或蝶筛隐窝、蝶窦口黏膜，同侧上颌窦或蝶窦积脓或黏膜水肿；③11例发病分别源于中鼻甲、钩突、嗅沟鼻中隔和筛泡前壁黏膜，邻近的鼻窦正常；④全部病例均行鼻内镜手术切除后鼻孔息肉及相应鼻窦开放，术后无复发。结论①建议诊断后鼻孔息肉应分为窦内型、鼻窦阻塞型和单纯型三种临床类型，遵循以临床类型为依据的手术原则，选择合理的术式和范围；②鼻内镜和鼻一鼻窦CT检查可以在术前明确后鼻孔息肉的诊断和临床类型；③鼻内镜手术治疗后鼻孔息肉准确、微创，彻底切除息肉蒂基部，防止复发。     

鼻内镜下后鼻孔息肉的诊治

目的 探讨后鼻孔息肉的临床表现及诊疗方法.方法 对27例后鼻孔息肉的患者的资料加以回顾分析.结果 27例患者中,源自上颌窦的18例,源自筛窦的3例,源自鼻腔外侧壁的2例,源自蝶筛隐窝的2例,源自蝶窦的1例,源自鼻中隔后方的1例.所有病例均行鼻内镜手术,术后随访3个月～2年,均未见复发,病理报告均为炎性息肉.结论 结合鼻-鼻窦CT及术前鼻腔检查,鼻内镜手术治疗后鼻孔息肉创伤小,反应轻,视野清楚,可彻底清除息肉基底部,防止复发.     

蝶窦后鼻孔息肉的诊断和治疗(附3例报告)

目的探讨鼻内镜在蝶窦后鼻孔息肉的诊断和治疗中的作用.方法3例蝶窦后鼻孔息肉患者均在鼻内镜下切除息肉.结果术后平均随访12个月,3例患者头痛及鼻塞症状均消失,息肉未复发,无并发症发生.结论鼻内镜检查和CT扫描是诊断蝶窦后鼻孔息肉的重要辅助方法;经鼻内镜手术是蝶窦后鼻孔息肉的首选治疗方法.     

Endoscopic repair of bilateral congenital choanal atresia

OBJECTIVE: The literature about endoscopic repair of bilateral choanal atresia is scarce. The advantages and difficulties encountered with this technique are discussed. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective case series in a tertiary care center. METHODS: Nine infants with bilateral choanal atresia underwent transnasal endoscopic repair. On computed tomography scans, six had mixed atresia and three had bony atresia. Extra-long burrs, ear curettes, and dissectors all have been used with 4- and 2-mm, 0 degrees telescopes. The neochoana has been stented for 5 to 8 weeks. All cases were examined with the endoscope on removal of the stent; any granulation or polyps were removed at that time. RESULTS: Five cases remained patent after removal of stenting. Two patients required revision surgery because of repeat stenosis; one case remained patent and the other had repeat stenosis on one side. One infant died because of unrelated medical problems that occurred later. In one case the atretic tissue was thick, and the procedure was stopped because of bleeding; the infant died in the postoperative period after resuscitation. CONCLUSION: Careful review of the computed tomography scan and experience with endoscopic nasal surgery makes the transnasal endoscopic treatment a safe and effective approach for managing bilateral choanal atresia.     

Choanal and angiomatous polyps of the sinonasal tract.

Choanal and angiomatous polyps can be distinguished from ordinary sinonasal polyps by either a distinctive clinical presentation (choanal) or the histopathologic appearance (angiomatous). Nearly all choanal polyps arise within paranasal sinuses, with the antrochoanal polyp the most common. The angiomatous polyp is most often a secondary change in a choanal polyp and can be mistaken for vascular neoplasms, eg, angiofibroma.     

Clinical presentation of a sphenochoanal polyp

Although choanal polyps frequently arise from the maxillary sinus, a choanal polyp originating from the sphenoid sinus is a rare entity. In this report, an unusual case of a large choanal polyp taking origin from the sphenoid sinus is presented. The reasons for its development and methods of management are discussed. Received: 1 August 1996 / Accepted: 20 January 1997     

Nasal polyps in children

The inflammatory nasal polyp is the most common benign or malignant nasal mass seen in children. Nasal polyps in the pediatric population appear to occur as inflammatory responses to bacterial infections. In 33% of the patients with polyps whom we studied, antral choanal polyps were noted, and in 20% of the patients the polyps were unilateral but not antral choanal. In 18% of the patients the polyps were bilateral and in an additional 29% they occurred bilaterally in association with cystic fibrosis. History of an allergy is infrequently associated with nasal polyps; allergies are potentially major contributing factors to nasal polyps only in patients without cystic fibrosis whose nasal polyps are bilateral. Patients with antral choanal polyps are most successfully managed by simultaneous Caldwell-Luc antrostomy and polypectomy. Sixty percent of patients with nasal polyps and cystic fibrosis are adequately managed with a single intranasal polypectomy. Simultaneous sinus surgery and polypectomy should be considered for all patients with recurrent polyps and for all patients with clinical or radiographic evidence of significant sinusitis. Complications, including epistaxis and intranasal synechia, occurred in 3% of the 170 surgical procedures performed.     

Choanal polyps: an evaluation of 53 cases

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate our experience on the diagnosis and treatment of choanal polyps (CP). METHODS: This study consists of 53 patients with CP diagnosed by means of rhinoscopy, nasal endoscopy, computerized tomography, surgical, and histologic findings between 1996 and 2005. RESULTS: The origins of the CPs were the unilateral maxillary sinus in 47 patients, simultaneously bilateral maxillary sinus in 2 patients, septum in 2 patients, sphenoid sinus in I patient, anterior ethmoid sinus in 1 patient. The most common presenting symptoms were unilateral nasal obstruction, snoring, and rhinorrhea. In the cases of the antrochoanal polyps, the most common preoperative radiological finding was the total opacification of the maxillary sinus. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic approach for complete removal of the CPs is an extremely safe and effective procedure. It should be focused on the detection of the exact origin and the extent of the polyp to prevent recurrence.     

Choanal polyp originating from the nasal septum: a case report

Almost all nasal polyps originate from the mucosa of the lateral walls of the nasal cavity or from the paranasal sinuses. A choanal polyp is the intranasal portion of a cyst that has arisen from the wall of the maxillary sinus near the ostium. Medially based polyps, such as those that arise from the nasal septum, are rare. The literature cites a wide range of incidence rates for polyps originating from this structure, but choanal extension of this type of polyp is extremely unusual. This report describes a polyp that arose from the superior aspect of the posterior nasal septum and extended through the choana into the nasopharynx. The histology of this choanal lesion was typical of nasal polyps, but the site of origin is rare. The ethiopathogenesis of nasal polyps with its common location remains controversial so it is difficult to speculate what mechanism triggered the development of this lesion on the nasal septum. Some form of local inflammation may have induced choanal polyp formation at this atypical site.     

鼻中隔双向黏骨膜瓣应用于成人难治性后鼻孔闭锁的手术治疗

目的:探讨鼻中隔双向黏骨膜瓣治疗成人难治性后鼻孔闭锁的效果。方法:9例后鼻孔闭锁患者,其中先天性闭锁2例,鼻咽癌放疗后闭锁7例。所有患者均接受了鼻内镜下后鼻孔成形术,术中使用鼻中隔双向黏骨膜瓣,术后未放置硅胶扩张管。观察患者术后的症状改善程度及是否发生后鼻孔再狭窄或闭锁。结果:9例患者术后鼻塞、张口呼吸等症状明显改善。在平均19.3个月的随访时间内,新成形后鼻孔通畅,黏膜瓣无移位及坏死,亦无后鼻孔再狭窄或闭锁发生。其中2例患者出现鼻腔粘连,1例出现后鼻孔边缘肉芽组织增生,经鼻内镜处理后无复发。结论:鼻内镜下后鼻孔成形术中,鼻中隔双向黏骨膜瓣的应用可降低再狭窄或闭锁的发生率,术后可不用放置硅胶扩张管。     

鼻内镜手术治疗后鼻孔息肉

目的探讨后鼻孔息肉的起源部位,分析鼻内镜下治疗后鼻孔息肉的疗效。方法回顾性分析1999～2006年间行鼻内镜手术的63例后鼻孔息肉患者的临床资料。结果59例上颌窦后鼻孔息肉,42例可在上颌窦内确切定位起源部位,其中起源于内上壁16例,后壁为9例,前壁为3例,下壁为3例,外侧壁为2例,上壁2例,前内壁为4例,前外侧壁1例,后上壁1例,外下壁1例;2例起源于鼻中隔;1例起源于蝶窦;1例起源于前组筛窦。所有病例均在鼻内镜下手术切除。术后随访6～30个月,4例复发,经二次手术治愈。5例并发鼻腔粘连,经松解后解除粘连。结论后鼻孔息肉多原发于上颌窦内侧壁。采用鼻内镜手术治疗安全、有效。术前明确后鼻孔息肉的起源部位对手术方式的选择至关重要。     

Congenital choanal atresia and nasal stenosis

The most common form of nasal obstruction in neonates is soft tissue edema, but congenital bony nasal anomalies are recognized as an important cause of newborn airway obstruction. We reviewed 20 cases of congenital bony nasal abnormalties such as choanal atresia and nasal stenosis referred to National Children's Hospital between 1996 and 2001. Of the 20, 8 involved choanal atresia (6 bilateral and 2 unilateral) and 12 nasal stenosis (5 nasal cavity stenosis, 2 pyriform aperture stenosis and 5 unknown). Six cases of bilateral choanal atresia and 5 of 12 cases of the nasal stenosis presented severe airway distress. Most cases in respiratory distress required immediate surgical enlargement of nasal cavity and stenting with an endotracheal tube for 4 to 8 weeks. Of 12 with nasal stenosis, 5 with mild nasal obstruction were treated with nasal drops and 3 with mild airway distress required no treatment. Five of 7 (71%) with choanal atresia and 1 of 4 with nasal stenosis (25%) required restenosis of the nasal cavity after stent removal. Restenosis occurred more often in choanal atresia than in nasal atresia. Two of 5 with nasal restenosis required stenting for 1 to 2 months again and 1 of those was followed by stenting for more 4 months. Longer stenting did not prevent choanal from restenosis, however, no standard stenting protocol exists for neonates, highlighting the need for further study.     

计算机辅助导航技术在鼻窦及鼻颅底手术中的应用

目的:探讨计算机辅助导航技术在鼻窦及鼻颅底手术中的应用价值。方法:49例患者(复发性鼻窦炎、鼻息肉25例,鼻腔鼻窦肿瘤9例,脑脊液鼻漏7例,脑膜脑膨出2例,先天性后鼻孔闭锁4例,垂体瘤1例,中颅窝底异物1例)均在计算机辅助导航下行鼻内镜手术。结果:计算机辅助导航术前准备时间为5～13min,平均7min,靶点误差≤1.5mm。49例患者均顺利完成手术,无并发症出现。结论:计算机辅助导航系统有助于术者正确判断鼻窦、颅底及相邻的解剖标志,可提高手术的精确性和安全性,减少术中及术后并发症的发生。