电视胸腔镜胸膜固定术治疗恶性胸腔积液的疗效观察

目的 探讨电视胸腔镜胸膜固定术治疗恶性胸腔积液的疗效.方法 选取我院因各种原因导致并经病理诊断确诊为恶性胸腔积液的患者50例,随机分为两组,观察组采用电视胸腔镜胸膜固定术治疗,对照组采用胸腔闭式引流手术治疗.观察两组患者有效率、缓解率情况,以及胸腔积液中白细胞、总蛋白定量及乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）的改善情况.结果 观察组患者总有效率为96.0%,完全缓解率为92.0%,明显高于对照组的64.0%和32.0%,差异具有统计学意义,P〈0.05.且治疗后两组患者积液检查的白细胞、蛋白含量以及乳酸脱氢酶的量都显著降低,但观察组降低幅度明显高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义.P〈0.05.结论 电视胸腔镜胸膜固定术治疗恶性胸腔积液效果显著,且安全性高,值得推荐.     

我院八年间恶性胸腔积液胸膜固定术治疗体会

目的探索恶性胸腔积液的治疗方法疗效。方法1993、1～2001、5年间住本院接受胸膜固定术治疗的352例恶性胸腔积液患者，分析其方法、治疗药物及术后反应，以期找到较为适宜的治病方案。结果胸腔镜或剖胸治疗效果最佳．闭式引流次之．胸穿最差。药物以胞必佳等免疫制剂为优，浓糖、榄香烯等次之．化疗药物最差。结论恶性胸腔积液的治疗以胸腔镜或剖胸治疗疗效最佳，若条件不允许则应闭式引流后子胸腔内注入胸必佳等生物调节剂。     

胸腔镜下胸膜固定术治疗恶性胸腔积液的疗效分析

目的探讨内科胸腔镜下滑石粉胸膜固定术治疗恶性胸腔积液的疗效。方法我科收治的48例中-大量恶性胸腔积液患者随机分为两组,实验组25例行内科胸腔镜下滑石粉胸膜固定术,对照组23例经常规胸腔闭式引流后于胸腔内灌注滑石粉。经胸膜固定后,对于PS 0-2分的患者均予全身化疗2周期。随访复查胸CT及B超,观察12周的胸水控制情况,并对两组的疗效及不良反应进行统计学分析。结果实验组有效率92.0%（23/25）、完全缓解率84.0%（21/25）,对照组有效率60.9%（14/23）、完全缓解率43.5%（10/23）,二者具有显著性差异。不良反应中,胸痛实验组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义;发热两组无统计学差异。结论内科胸腔镜下滑石粉胸膜固定术治疗恶性胸腔积液疗效好,且具有安全、微创特点,值得临床推广。     

胸膜疾病的流行概况

胸膜疾病流行病学资料目前仍缺乏大样本、多病种的观察。根据我院呼吸内科 1995年～ 2 0 0 0年 5年间的 40 44例住院患者统计 ,胸腔积液、气胸和胸膜肿瘤患者占住院病因的 18% ,其中尚未包括胸膜增厚、粘连等病变。美国报道内科重症监护病房 (ＭＩＣＵ) 6 2 %患者伴胸腔积液[1] ,机械通气发生气胸并发症亦常见。因此 ,胸膜疾病是常见病、多发病。不同病因的胸膜疾病影像学上可表现为 3大类 :胸腔积液、气胸和胸膜增厚改变。胸腔积液是胸膜疾病最常见的表现 ,美国胸腔积液年估计新病例数为 15 3 7万[2 ] 。我国目前没有全国的流行病学资料 ,…     

自发性气胸红霉素胸膜固定疗效观察

自发性气胸是临床常见的疾病,一般排气及保守疗法效果理想,但对胸腔闭式引流失败或复发性气胸患者采用胸腔固定术能收到较好效果。胸腔固定术方法较多,四环素胸腔内注射是国内外公认的安全有效方法,但由于药厂停产,药源缺乏,临床难以应用。滑石粉作为胸膜硬化剂在临床上应用越来越多,但由于副作用大,常规使用争议较大。我们自1999年7月以来对39例复发性及难治性气胸患者行红霉素胸膜腔内注射,收到较好的临床效果。1临床资料1.1资料6年来我科共收治自发性气胸198例,所有患者入院前皆有胸片或胸部CT检查结果。159例病人经保守治疗或胸腔闭式…     

胸膜疾病治疗方案探讨

一、结核性胸膜炎治疗[1 4 ]结核性胸膜炎的疗效应达到 :(1)迅速减轻临床症状 ,缩短病程。 (2 )防止胸膜增厚以免影响肺功能。 (3)防止日后肺结核病的发生或发展。1 抗结核药物治疗 :原则上应参照肺结核的治疗。每日ＩＮＨ(异烟肼 ) ＲＦＰ(利福平 ) ＰＺＡ(吡嗪酰胺 ) ＥＭＢ(乙胺丁醇 )或Ｓ(链霉素 )。连续服用 1～ 2个月 ,改ＩＮＨ ＲＦＰ每周两次或隔日 1次。总疗程应不少于 6个月。但部分病例是由于血行播散所致 ,因此总疗程以 1年为宜。2 抽胸液使受压肺脏复张 ,防止纤维素沉着引起胸膜增厚 ;改善呼吸和减轻中毒症状。抽液量应根…     

胸腔镜胸膜固定治疗老年恶性胸腔积液130例

恶性胸水是肿瘤患者常见且难以控制的并发症,频繁抽液可使病人流失大量营养成分,电解质紊乱,导致循环衰竭而加速死亡,所以有效地控制胸水对老年肿瘤患者延长生存期,提高生存质量都有重大意义。2007年1月至2009年12月,我院应用电子胸腔镜对130例老年恶性胸水患者行胸膜活检、滑石粉胸膜固定,取得良好的效果。     

胸腔镜下胸膜固定术治疗恶性胸腔积液86例

肺癌早期发现困难,许多患者就诊时已有胸腔转移及胸腔积液,手术及全身化疗效果欠佳。2003年1月-2009年1月,我们采用胸腔镜对86例恶性胸腔积液患者行胸膜固定术,取得满意疗效。现报告如下。     

两种胸膜固定术方法治疗老年性难治性自发性气胸的临床分析

目的探讨两种不同胸膜固定术在难治性老年性自发性气胸治疗中的临床价值。方法选取96例老年性难治性自发性气胸患者,作胸部CT或胸部D确诊后,作胸膜腔闭式引流术外接水封瓶引流2周,效果不佳。把病例随机分为两组,治疗组56例采取经胸膜腔闭式引流管局部注入50%葡萄糖40ML+无菌滑石粉膜治疗。对照组40例经胸膜腔闭式引流管局部注入50%葡萄糖治疗。观察气胸内气体吸收情况。结果治疗组有效率为96.4%(54/56),对照组有效率85%(34/40)。两组比较差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论经胸膜腔闭式引流管局部注入50%葡萄糖+无菌滑石粉胸膜固定术治疗老年性难治性自发性气胸效果好。     

闭式引流联合持续负压吸引用于胸膜固定术后患者效果观察

自1997年以来，我们对54例恶性胸腔积液（下称胸液）行胸膜固定术患者术后采用闭式引流联合持续负压吸引，效果满意。现报告如下。     

Efficacy and safety of iodopovidone pleurodesis in malignant pleural effusions

Background and objective: Pleurodesis is one of the best methods of controlling malignant pleural effusions (MPE), a distressing complication of metastatic disease. In recent studies of a wide range of pleural diseases, iodopovidone was used as a sclerosing agent for pleurodesis and demonstrated good results with low morbidity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of iodopovidone pleurodesis in MPE. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on patients with MPE who underwent pleurodesis at our institution between 2005 and 2008. All patients underwent instillation of 20 mL of 10% iodopovidone, 80 mL of normal saline and 2 mg/kg of lidocaine through a chest tube, which was clamped for 2 h. The tube was removed when the daily output of fluid was <200 mL. Data on the requirement for additional pleural procedures, adverse events and survival were collected. Results: Sixty‐one pleurodesis procedures were performed in 54 patients. No procedure‐related mortality was observed. Adverse events occurred after 11 (18%) pleurodesis procedures. The most frequent complication was mild thoracic pain that occurred immediately after 10 (16.4%) procedures, and one patient developed pleural empyema that was treated with drainage and antibiotics. A success rate of 98.4% was observed. Except for the patient who developed pleural empyema, none of the other patients had recurrences of pleural fluid or required additional pleural procedures during the follow‐up period (mean of 5.6 months). Conclusions: Iodopovidone pleurodesis was successful and was associated with only a few minor complications. It appears to be a good option for the management of recurrent MPE.     

Pleural controversy: pleurodesis versus indwelling pleural catheters for malignant effusions

Malignant pleural effusions (MPE) are a common complication of advanced malignancy. The treatment of MPE should be focused on palliation of associated symptoms. The traditional approach to MPE has been to attempt pleurodesis by introducing a sclerosant into the pleural space. A more recent development in the treatment of MPE has been the use of indwelling pleural catheters (IPC) for ongoing drainage of the pleural space. Controversy exists as to which approach is superior. Pleurodesis approaches will have the advantage of a time-limited course of treatment and high pleurodesis rate at the cost of a more invasive procedure requiring a general anaesthetic or conscious sedation (for thoracoscopic approaches) and an inpatient hospital stay. Use of IPC will allow the patient to be treated on an outpatient basis with a minimally invasive procedure, at the cost of long-term need for catheter drainage and care. Symptom control appears similar between techniques. Complication rates between the two approaches cannot be easily compared, but studies suggest more frequent severe complications such as respiratory failure, arrhythmias and even mortality following pleurodesis, with infection rates similar between the two approaches. IPC will likely see increasing utilization in the future but patient preference and local resources and expertise will continue to play a significant part in treatment decisions. Randomized trials directly comparing the two approaches are needed and some are underway. Novel combination approaches utilizing both IPC and pleurodesis agents have the potential to further improve the care of these patients.     

负压吸引下自体血胸腔粘连术治疗难治性气胸临床研究

目的总结持续胸膜腔负压吸引下利用自体血治疗难治性气胸的疗效。方法对18例难治性气胸患者在持续负压吸引下一次性胸腔内注射自体静脉血60~100 m l。结果18例难治性气胸中有17例成功,1例失败,成功率为94.4%,不良反应低。结论负压吸引下胸腔内注射自体血治疗难治性气胸疗效确切,适用于基层医疗机构使用。     

Success rate of medical thoracoscopy and talc pleurodesis in malignant pleurisy: A single‐centre experience

Background and objective

Malignant pleurisy is associated with advanced oncological disease and dyspnoea is the most common presenting symptom. Pleurodesis is the preferred palliative and supportive treatment option, targeting symptom relief. The identification of clinical and endoscopic features that determine the success of talc pleurodesis in malignant pleurisy could guide clinical decision‐making.

Methods

All symptomatic patients with malignant pleurisy subjected to talc pleurodesis through medical thoracoscopy between January 2012 and December 2015 were included. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify factors associated with successful pleurodesis.

Results

Of the 155 patients, 122 (78%) were classified as having a successful pleurodesis based on clinical and radiological criteria. Factors associated with unsuccessful pleurodesis (univariate analysis) were the presence of pleural adhesions (odds ratio (OR): 0.43 (95% CI: 0.19–0.96); P = 0.04), extensive spread of pleural lesions (OR: 0.17 (95% CI: 0.05–0.59); P = 0.001), the use of systemic corticosteroids (OR: 0.28 (95% CI: 0.10–0.83); P = 0.02) and a prolonged time period between the clinical diagnosis of the pleural effusion and the moment of pleurodesis (OR: 0.14 (95% CI: 0.06–0.32); P < 0.0001). The latter being associated with failure of pleurodesis in a multivariate analysis (OR: 0.08 (95% CI: 0.01–0.25); P < 0.0001). Chest ultrasound prior to pleurodesis showed a sensitivity of 91% and a specificity of 88% in predicting the success of pleurodesis.

Conclusion

The success rate of pleurodesis in malignant pleurisy could potentially be enhanced by correct patient selection and early referral for pleurodesis. Ultrasonic assessment of pleural adhesions and potential lung expansion prior to pleurodesis is useful in clinical decision‐making.

     

可弯曲内科胸腔镜术对恶性胸腔积液的诊治价值

目的探讨可弯曲内科电子胸腔镜在诊治恶性胸腔积液中的价值。方法经可弯曲内科电子胸腔镜检查确诊的118例恶性胸腔积液的临床资料进行了分析,118例中55例经内科胸腔镜行滑石粉喷洒胸膜固定术。结果 118例均经胸膜活检病理确诊,包括肺癌胸膜转移106例(腺癌74例、鳞癌22例、小细胞癌7例、大细胞癌1例、病理未能分型2例),其他部位胸膜转移6例,胸膜间皮瘤4例,胸膜淋巴瘤2例。胸膜病变主要表现为大小不等的结节、肿块、扁平隆起、白斑、胸膜充血等。胸腔镜下滑石粉胸膜固定术组的胸水控制率为96.4%(53/55),通过胸腔闭式引流管注药的对照组胸水控制率为67.3%(37/55),两组疗效相差显著(P0.01)。胸膜固定术患者术后出现胸痛52例、发热45例,均对症治疗后好转,118例均未发现严重并发症。结论可弯曲内科电子胸腔镜术诊治恶性胸腔积液是一种安全、微创、高效而实用的方法,值得临床广泛推广。     

Effect of repeated administration of low-dose silver nitrate for pleurodesis in a rabbit model

Background and objective: Both the efficacy and toxicity of sclerosing agents are likely to be dose‐dependent. Clinical pleurodesis strategies typically involve single bolus dose administration of drugs. This study was designed to test whether repeated administration of low doses of silver nitrate (SN) could lead to effective pleurodesis. Methods: Intrapleural administration, to rabbits, of decreasing doses of SN or normal saline was undertaken daily over 1, 5 or 14 days. Assessment of the degree of pleurodesis was by visual inspection (score 1–8) and histological examination and scoring of inflammation and fibrosis (score 0–4). The untreated contralateral side was used as a control. A visual pleurodesis score of ≥5 was considered to be positive. Results: The lowest concentrations of SN leading to a visual pleurodesis score ≥5 were 0.425%, 0.085% and 0.05% for 1, 5 and 14 day administration protocols respectively (P < 0.05 vs control side). Visual pleurodesis scores decreased as the dose of SN decreased within each administration regimen groups (P < 0.05 for single and 14 day groups, P = 0.058 in 5 day group). A significant correlation was noted between visual pleurodesis scores and histology fibrosis scores. Conclusions: Effective pleurodesis can be achieved in an animal model with repeated daily administration of SN at doses significantly lower than the lowest effective single day dose. This finding could lead to better tolerated pleurodesis regimens.     

自身血胸膜粘连术治疗重度慢性阻塞性肺病并自发性气胸的疗效观察

目的 比较重度慢性阻塞性肺病（COPD）并自发性气胸患者自身血胸腔内注射胸膜粘连术与滑石粉胸膜粘连术的疗效、安全性及对肺功能的影响.方法 将53例COPD并自发性气胸患者随机分为两组,试验组28例,采用自身肘静脉血50ml胸腔内注射;对照组25例,应用滑石粉混悬剂100 ml胸腔内注射.比较两组的疗效、近期不良反应、1年内的复发率及对肺功能影响.结果 试验组1例在术后出现有胸部疼痛,对照组7例在术后有胸痛或是发热.试验组与对照组在随访期间分别有4例、5例同侧气胸复发,分别有3例、5例死亡.术后1年复查肺功能较前均有下降.两组复发率及死亡率比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 自身血胸膜粘连术可以有效治疗重度COPD并自发性气胸,减少不良反应发生率,预防复发并且对肺功能无明显影响.