静脉与硬膜外自控镇痛在剖宫产术后的应用对比观察

目的：对剖宫产术后患者采用患者自控静脉镇痛（PCIA）与患者自控硬膜外镇痛（PCEA）的效果和不良反应进行比较分析。方法：80例剖宫产术后要求行镇痛患者随机均分为两组：PCIA组和PCEA组。PCIA组配方为：芬太尼0．8mg、曲马多500mg及氟哌利多5mg加生理盐水至100mL,静脉泵入;PCEA组：芬太尼0．5mg、0．75％盐酸罗哌卡因20mL及氟哌利多5mg加生理盐水至总量100mL,硬膜外泵入。两组负荷量各5mL,持续速度2mL／h,PCA单次剂量0．5mL,锁定时间15min,镇痛时间48h。结果：两组患者疼痛评分、镇静评分、头晕、恶心呕吐、皮肤瘙痒及心动过缓发生率和肛门排气时间比较差异均无统计学意义,PCIA组下肢运动阻滞程度评分及尿潴留发生率明显低于PCEA组（P〈0．05）。结论：PCIA和PCEA用于剖宫术后镇痛均可获得满意的镇痛效果,PCIA不良反应较PCEA明显低。     

国产罗哌卡因在术后硬膜外镇痛的应用

目的：观察比较罗哌卡因和布比卡因在术后硬膜外镇痛中的应用。方法：ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级下腹和下肢择期手术病人200例,随机为两组（R和B组）,分别给予B组：0．75％布比卡因20ml＋0．4mg芬太尼＋氟哌利多2．5～100ml。R组：0．894％罗比卡因20ml＋0．4mg芬太尼＋氟哌利多2．5—100ml。术后接PCEA泵。结果：B组与R组比较VAS和RSS评分无显著性差异（P〉0．05）,B组与R组Bromage评分比较有显著性差异（P〈0．01）．不良反应B组和R组比较BP下降差异有显著性。结论：罗哌卡因在术后硬膜外病人自控镇痛中的应用是安全的。     

剖腹产术后低浓度罗哌卡因与布比卡因硬膜外自控镇痛效果对比观察

【目的】探讨剖腹产术后应用低浓度罗哌卡因和布比卡因硬膜外自控镇痛效果、运动阻滞和副作用的异同。【方法】将80例足月行剖腹产手术的患者随机分为A组（0．2％罗哌卡因100ml＋吗啡3．0mg＋氟哌利多5．0mg）和B组（0．2％布比卡因100ml＋吗啡3．0mg＋氟哌利多5．0mg）。手术后分别进行硬膜外自控镇痛,观察术后4、12、24、48h的生命体征,并记录镇痛效果、镇静评分、运动阻滞评分、不良反应及48h总用药量。【结果】A组下肢运动阻滞改良Bromag。评分在12、24及48h分别显著低于B组评分（P〈0．01）,A组和B组镇静、镇痛评分及副作用发生率均无显著差异。【结论】低浓度罗哌卡因复合吗啡用于剖腹产术后硬膜外自控镇痛时下肢运动阻滞反应较弱,应用效果优于布比卡因。     

吗啡硬膜外单次注射联合PCIA在混合痔手术术后镇痛的效果观察

目的：观察吗啡硬膜外单次注射联合PCIA在混合痔手术术后的镇痛效果。方法：选择混合痔手术病人60例ASAI～Ⅱ级,随机分为罗哌卡因＋PCIA术后镇痛组（A组）和罗哌卡因＋吗啡单次硬膜外注射联合PCIA术后镇痛组（B组）,每组30例。手术的麻醉方式均采用腰硬联合一点法麻醉,平面控制在T。o。A组病人于手术结束时予0．2％罗哌卡因6ml硬膜外腔推注后,拔出硬膜外导管,接静脉镇痛泵行自控镇痛（PCIA）。B组病人于手术结束时予0．2％罗哌卡因＋吗啡2mg共6ml硬膜外腔推注后,拔出硬膜外导管,接静脉镇痛泵行自控镇痛（PCIA）。镇痛泵泵注速度为2ml／h,自控剂量为0．5ml,锁定时间为15min。观察记录两组术后6、12、24、48h的VAS评分及不良反应发生情况。结果：A组VAS评分较B组高,且差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。A组的不良反应情况为皮肤瘙痒0例,恶心呕吐2例,尿潴留l例,眩晕1例,不良反应发生率为13．3％。B组为皮肤瘙痒2例,恶心呕吐1例,尿潴留2例,眩晕0例,不良反应发生率为16．7％。两组不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：吗啡硬膜外单次注射联合PCIA在混合痔手术后的镇痛效果满意。     

小剂量吗啡复合罗哌卡因、氟哌利多用于硬膜外术后镇痛

近年来,各种术后镇痛方法已广泛应用于临床,本文采用小剂量吗啡复合罗哌卡因、氟哌利多于硬膜外术后镇痛。手术结束前10min,吗啡组（M组）经硬膜外导管注入0．15％罗哌卡因5ml（含吗啡1mg）作负荷量,再将硬膜外导管连接镇痛泵,以2ml·h^-1速度持续恒量注入镇痛液,内含0．15％罗哌卡因100ml、吗啡2mg、氟哌利多2．5mg,曲马朵组（T组）经硬膜外导管注入0．15％罗哌卡因5ml（含曲马朵15mg）作负荷量,再将硬膜外导管连接镇痛泵,以2ml·h^-1速度持续恒量注入镇痛液,内含0．15％罗哌卡因100ml、曲马朵300mg、氟哌利多2．5mg。     

开胸术后两种不同镇痛方法的效果比较

目的比较病人开胸手术后应用罗哌卡因，芬太尼硬膜外自控镇痛（PCEA）与芬太尼静脉自控镇痛（PCIA）的临床效果。方法60例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级，择期开胸手术的病人，随机分为两组，每组30例，PCEA级选用0．15％罗哌卡因加0．0002％芬太尼硬膜外镇痛，PCIA组选用0．001％芬太尼加0．005％氟哌利多静脉镇痛，观察镇痛效果，镇静程度、舒适评分、不良反应，监测RR、SPO2、MAP、HR。结果两组病人视觉模拟评分（VAS）均较低，PCIA组高于PCEA组，但无明显差异（P〉0．05），PCIA组Ramsay法（RSS）镇静评分显著高于PCEA组（P〈0．05），布氏评分法（DCS）舒适评分显著低于PCEA组（P〈0．05）。恶心、呕吐、皮肤瘙瘁等的发生率显著高于PCEA组（P〈0．05），两组病人对术后镇痛总体满意度评估优秀者PCEA组明显多于PCIA组（P〈0．05）。结论对于开胸手术的病人硬膜外罗哌卡因与静脉芬太尼自控镇痛均安全可行，镇痛效果满意，综合总体镇痛质量，PCEA组优于PCIA组，但PCEA镇痛需加强硬膜外导管的管理。     

妇科术后用罗哌卡因与布比卡因镇痛效果比较

目的：评价罗哌因和布比卡因复合芬太尼用于妇科病人术后镇痛的效果。方法：选择择期行妇科手术病人60例，随机分为2组，每组30例。术后对其行硬膜外镇痛。A组（罗哌卡因组）：0．2％罗哌卡因90mL（浓度为0．18％）＋芬太尼0.4mg＋氟哌利多5mg;B组（布比卡因组）：0．75％布比卡因24mL(浓度为0．18％）＋芬太尼0.4mg＋氟派利多5mg，用生理盐水稀释至100mL。两组推注速度均为24mL/h，自控硬膜外镇前技术（PCEA）锁定时间为1mL/15min。分别观察两组术后镇痛效果，下肢运动阻滞情况，首次肛门排气时间及并发症发生情况。结果：两组患者镇痛效果无差异。A组患者下肢运动阻滞明显轻于B组（P＜0．01）。结论：罗哌卡因比布比卡因更适合用于做妇科手术后病人自控镇痛的局部麻醉药。     

静脉舒芬太尼和硬膜外舒芬太尼复合罗哌卡因用于术后患者自控镇痛的比较

目的比较术后应用舒芬太尼经静脉或经硬膜外复合罗哌卡因进行患者自控镇痛(PCA)的临床效果和安全性。方法选择60例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级在硬膜外麻醉下行妇科手术患者,随机分为静脉注射舒芬太尼患者自控镇痛(PCIA)组和硬膜外舒芬太尼复合罗哌卡因患者自控镇痛(PCEA)组,每组30例。静脉组PCA药物配方为舒芬太尼100μg 氟哌利多5 mg用生理盐水稀释至100 ml,负荷量3 ml,背景剂量0．5 ml／h,自控给药剂量0．5 ml／次,锁定时间5 min。硬膜外组PCA药物配方为舒芬太尼80μg 氟哌利多5 mg 罗哌卡因250 mg用生理盐水稀释至200 ml,负荷量4 ml,背景剂量2 ml／h,自控给药量3 ml／次,锁定时间30 min。结果两组术后4、8、12、24、48 h各时间点的视觉模似评分(VAS)差异无统计学意义,PCIA组镇静评分均高于PCEA组(P<0．05),PCIA组48 h用药量少于PCEA组(P<0．05),PCIA组总按键次数高于PCEA组(P<0．05),两组患者对术后镇痛总体满意度良至优者百分率差异无统计学意义,不良反应发生率PCIA组较PCEA组高(P<0．05)。结论舒芬太尼经静脉或经硬膜外复合罗哌卡因用于患者术后自控镇痛均可取得安全满意的效果,但舒芬太尼复合罗哌卡因PCEA术后镇痛总体满意度的优率高,按键次数少,不良反应少,更适合于术后镇痛。     

罗哌卡因曲马多硬膜外镇痛对开胸患者肺功能的影响

目的：观察开胸术后罗哌卡因、曲马多用于硬膜外镇痛的效果及对患者肺功能的影响。方法：选择40例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级、拟行择期开胸，非肺叶切除术的患者。随机分为两组：0．2％罗哌卡因（含曲马多1mg／ml）硬膜外镇痛组、吗啡静脉镇痛组，每组20例，术后48小时采用视觉模拟评分法评估静息和咳嗽时的镇痛效果。测定患者用力肺活量和呼气峰流速；术后24小时，48小时分别抽取呼吸空气时的动脉血作血气分析；记录镇痛过程中发生的副作用。结果：1．术后日静息疼痛、咳嗽疼痛评分罗哌组皆低于吗啡组。2．术后肺功能罗哌组明显高于吗啡组，术后24hPaCO2罗哌组也低于吗啡组；术后48hPaO2罗哌组高于吗啡组。3，两组间副作用发生率无明显差异。结论：0．2％罗哌卡因联合曲马多可安全有效用于开胸术后硬膜外镇痛，并对肺功能影响较小。     

舒芬太尼用于术后病人自控镇痛的观察

目的评价舒芬太尼用于术后病人自控镇痛的镇痛效果。方法选择ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级的手术患者60例，随机均分为3组。A组：应用舒芬太尼100mg＋氟哌利多5mg＋生理盐水配至100ml，术后病人自控静脉镇痛；B组：应用布比卡因150mg＋舒芬太尼40mg＋氟哌利多5mg＋生理盐水配至100ml，术后病人自控硬膜外镇痛；C组：应用布比卡因150mg＋吗啡4mg＋氟哌利多5mg＋生理盐水配至100ml，术后病人自控硬膜外镇痛。结果C组与A组、B组比较，各时段VAS评分差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05），各时段Ramsay评分C组高于A组、B组（P〈0．05）。结论舒芬太尼经静脉或硬膜外用于患者术后自控镇痛均可取得安全满意的效果。     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.