Hepatocellular carcinoma--cause, treatment and metastasis

In the recent decades, the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been found to be increasing in males in some countries. In China, HCC ranked second of cancer mortality since 1990s. Hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV and HCV) and dietary aflatoxin intake remain the major causative factors of HCC. Surgery plays a major role in the treatment of HCC, particularly for small HCC. Down-staging unresectable huge HCC to smaller HCC and followed by resection will probably be a new approach for further study. Liver transplantation is indicated for small HCC, however, some issues remain to be solved. Different modes of regional cancer therapy for HCC have been tried. Systemic chemotherapy has been disappointing in the past but the future can be promising. Biotherapy, such as cytokines, differentiation inducers, anti-angiogenic agents, gene therapy and tumor vaccine will probably play a role, particularly in the prevention of tumor recurrence. HCC invasiveness is currently the major target of study. Tremendous works have been done at the molecular level, which will provide clues for biomarker of HCC progression as well as targets for intervention.     

肝细胞癌患者肝移植术后肿瘤复发转移的防治

肝细胞癌(HCC)仍是目前发病率较高的消化道肿瘤,肝移植能从根本上切除肿瘤病灶,是HCC综合治疗方案中的主要手段之一。移植后肿瘤的复发和转移问题,是影响受体长期生存的主要因素。近年来,得益于全球范围的技术改进和经验积累,在HCC的诊疗方面取得了的长足的发展和进步。针对HCC肝移植适应证、复发转移预测、肝移植围手术期干预和术后HCC复发的综合治疗等方面进行探讨。     

Immunohistochemical detection of proliferating cell nuclear antigen in hepatocellular carcinoma

ＩｍｍｕｎｏｈｉｓｔｏｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｄｅｔｅｃｔｉｏｎｏｆｐｒｏｌｉｆｅｒａｔｉｎｇｃｅｌｎｕｃｌｅａｒａｎｔｉｇｅｎｉｎｈｅｐａｔｏｃｅｌｕｌａｒｃａｒｃｉｎｏｍａＷＡＮＧＤｏｎｇ１，ＳＨＩＪｉｎｇＱｕａｎ２ａｎｄＬＩＵＦｅｎｇＸｕａｎ３Ｓｕ...     

伴有肝外远处器官转移的原发性肝癌患者血液AFPmRNA表达

目的探讨伴有肝外远处器官转移的原发性肝癌周围静脉血液AFPmRNA表达情况．方法应用巢式RT－PCR检测93例伴有与不伴有肝外远处器官转移的原发性肝癌血液AFPmRNA。结果21例伴有肝外远处器官转移的原发性肝癌血液AFPmRNA均表达阳性（100％），对例不伴有肝外远处器官转移的原发性肝癌中有29例血液AFPmRNA表达阳性（40．28％，P＜0．01）结论血液AFPmRNA可以作为肝癌远处器官转移的标志性指征     

Phase tissue intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression in nude mice human liver cancer metastasis model

AIM To study the phase cancer tissue intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression of human cancer metastasis model in nude mice, and to analyze the relationship between ICAM-1 expression and the metastasis and recurrence of hepatocellular cancinoma (HCC).METHODS HCC tissues from liver cancer metastasis model in nude mice (LCI-D20) was orthotopically implanted, and ICAM-1 expression in HCC tissues at different growing time were detected by immunodot blot. Tumor size, intrahepatic and extrahepatic metastasis foci were observed by naked eyes and under light microscope.RESULTS ICAM-1 was positively correlated to the tumor growing time (r=0.88, P＜0.01) and tumor size r=0.5, P＜0.05). It was higher in metastatic HCC than in nonmetastatic HCC (8.24±0.95 vs 3.03±0.51, P＜0.01). ICAM-1 content in cancer tissues increased suddenly after metastasis occurred and then maintained in a high level. ICAM-1 was also higher in multimetastasis group than in monometastasis group (10.05±1.17 vs 5.48±0.49, P＜0.05).CONCLUSION Tissue ICAM-1 could predict not only the metastasis of human liver cancer metastasis model in nude mice early and sensitively, but also the metastasis degree. So tissue ICAM-1 may be a potential index indicating the status of metastasis of HCC patients.     

CASE REPORT: A hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis in the distal pancreas

Hepatocellular carcinoma is a highly malignant neoplasm. Extrahepatic metastases are found in 64% of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. The lungs, regional lymph nodes, kidney, bone marrow and adrenals are common sites of metastases. Pancreatic metastases are not common (<5%). A case report of a hepatocellular carcinoma with a metastasis in the distal pancreas is presented. A resection of the primary tumour and metastasis was carried out with the patient still alive 16 months after resection. This case illustrates that hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma with a single local metastasis can be reasonably considered although a cure has not been established.     

Expression of nm23 gene in hepatocellular carcinoma tissue and its relation with metastasis

Ｅｘｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎｏｆｎｍ２３ｇｅｎｅｉｎｈｅｐａｔｏｃｅｌｕｌａｒｃａｒｃｉｎｏｍａｔｉｓｓｕｅａｎｄｉｔｓｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎｗｉｔｈｍｅｔａｓｔａｓｉｓＨＵＡＮＧＢｅｉ,ＷＵＺｈｏｎｇＢｉａｎｄＲＵＡＮＹｏｕＢｉｎｇＳｕｂｊｅｃｔｈｅａｄｉ...     

Detection of hepatoma cells in peripheral blood of HCC patients by nested RT-PCR

AIM:To offer a more simple method with a high sensitivity and specificity for detection of hepatoma cells in peripheral blood of the patients with HCC.METHODS:Improved nested RT-PCR method was used to detect the expression of AFP mRNA in nuclear cells separated from peripheral venous blood.RESULTS:AFP mRNA contained in tenhepatoma cells was detected from 2mL peripheral blood.CONCLUSION:The improved nested RT-PCR assay for AFP mRNA expressed in cancer cells in peripheral blood might be a valuable method for clinical diagnosis of HCC.     

原发性肝癌胸壁皮肤转移1例报告

正肝癌常见的转移途径有血行转移、淋巴转移、种植转移和直接浸润,而以肝内血行转移最早、最为常见。肝癌细胞侵犯肝静脉后即可进入体循环,发生肝外远处转移,以肺转移发生率最高,其次为肾上腺、骨、卵巢等,皮肤转移者较为少见,仅占所有皮肤转移癌的0.2%~2.7%[1]。本文报道1例原发性肝癌胸壁皮肤转移患者。1病例资料患者男性,46岁,因"发现肝占位3月余,腹胀、乏力1个     

In situ detection of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes expressing perforin and fas ligand genes in human HCC

ＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＣｙｔｏｔｏｘｉｃＴｌｙｍｐｈｏｃｙｔｅｓ（ＣＴＬｓ）ｐｌａｙａｍａｊｏｒｒｏｌｅｉｎｋｉｌｉｎｇｔｕｍｏｒｃｅｌｓ．Ｔｗｏｐａｔｈｗａｙｓｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｄｅｓｃｒｉｂｅｄｂｙｗｈｉｃｈａｃｙｔｏｔｏｘｉｃｃｅｌｍａｙｉｎｄ...     

肝癌相关膜蛋白抗原(HAg18-1)检测诊断原发性肝细胞癌

目的本文旨在验证肝癌相关膜蛋白抗原的灵敏度,特异性和临床应用价值.方法作者采用抗人肝癌单克隆抗体(McAb)制备的 HAg18-1血清快速酶联免疫检测试剂,检查原发性肝细胞癌(PHCC)100例,肝胆管癌(HBC)5例,转移性肝癌(MHC)10例,乙型肝炎(HB)20例,肝硬变(Cir)20例,胃肠道恶性肿瘤20例,胃肠道炎症性疾病(含溃疡)20例.同时应用甲胎蛋白(AFP)对上述病例进行联检.另用血库血20例作对照检测.结果 HAg18-1阳性率 PHCC 81%,HBC 20%,MHC 10%,HB 10%,Cir 10%,胃肠道恶性肿瘤10%,胃肠道炎症性疾病5%,血库血0%.AFP 阳性率 PHCC 68%,HBC 40%,MHC 20%,HB 20%,Cir 20%,胃肠道恶性肿瘤15%,胃肠道炎症性疾病10%,血库血0%.结论 HAg18-1对 PHCC 诊断阳性率高,特异性强,与 AFP 联检,可起协同和互补作用.     

肿瘤相关抗原及其自身抗体在肝细胞癌早期诊断中的应用

肝细胞癌(HCC)的早期发现、早期诊断是提高HCC患者生存率的必要手段。研究发现,一种由肿瘤细胞释放的异常蛋白即肿瘤相关抗原刺激产生的自身抗体在HCC患者临床诊断前就已存在,因此可能成为HCC早期诊断的新型潜在标志物。简述了几种新型肿瘤相关抗原抗体在HCC诊断中的应用现状,认为肿瘤相关抗原抗体在HCC诊断中具有较大的前景及临床应用价值。     

联合检测血AFPmRNA及AFP判断肝癌切除术后预后的意义

目的探讨联合检测血液AFPmRNA及AFP对判断肝癌（HCC）术后复发或转移的临床意义．方法应用巢式RT-PCA检测34例HCC患者术后2，4，6wk时周围静脉血中AFPmRNA及AFP的变化，并随访1a结果在34例手术切除的HCC患者中，13例术后6wk时周围静脉血中AFPmRNA仍呈阳性，21例患者在术后6wk内血液AFP仍持续阳性共有13例在术后1a内产生了复发或转移性病灶（38．2％），其中7例为血AFPmRNA及AFP均为（＋）的HCC患者，结论术后联合检测血AFPmRNA及AFP可以更有效地判断HCC复发或转移     

Phase tissue intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression in nude mice human liver cancer metastasis model

Ｐｈａｓｅｔｉｓｓｕｅｉｎｔｅｒｃｅｌｕｌａｒａｄｈｅｓｉｏｎｍｏｌｅｃｕｌｅ１ｅｘｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎｉｎｎｕｄｅｍｉｃｅｈｕｍａｎｌｉｖｅｒｃａｎｃｅｒｍｅｔａｓｔａｓｉｓｍｏｄｅｌＳＵＮＪｉｎｇＪｉｎｇ,ＺＨＯＵＸｉｎＤａ,ＬＩＵＹｉｎＫ...     

Hepatocellular carcinoma with chondrosarcomatous variation: Case report with immunohistochemical findings, and review of the literature

Hepatocellular carcinoma with chondrosarcomatous variation is very rare. We report a case with the results of pathology examination, and review the literature. The patient, a 72-year-old may had a very large tumor in the liver revealed during follow-up for diabetes mellitus. The liver mass, which was 14 cm in diameter, was diagnosed as hepatocellular carcinoma by abdominal ultrasonography. Anterior segmentectomy and partial liver resection were performed. Histopathology examination revealed that the tumor consisted of two different components: the major one was hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which occupied most of the tumor; and a sarcomatous component, which occupied a smaller area, and included spindle-shaped cells with chondroscarcomatous variation. Intrahepatic metastases and tumor thrombi of HCC were also found in portal and hepatic veins. Investigations of the immunohistochemical localization of keratin (KRT), vimentin (VMT), and S-100 protein (S 100) were performed by the avidin-biotin complex method. Some of the spindle cells were immunohistochemically positive for both KRT and VMT, and the chondrosarcomatous cells were positive for S 100. These results strongly suggested that the sarcomatous lesion resulted from a sarcomatous change of HCC.     

预测原发性肝癌肝移植术后复发转移的分子标志物研究进展

肝移植是根治原发性肝癌的一个重要的治疗方法,但是术后高复发转移率却严重影响了其治疗肝癌的疗效。随着分子生物学的深入研究,发现了许多与肝癌肝移植术后复发转移相关的指标。主要从基因水平、蛋白质表达、肿瘤标志物、血清病毒等方面对这些指标进行归纳总结,并分析其对肝移植术后肿瘤复发转移的预测价值。认为尽管越来越多的分子标志物被发现,但仍不足以指导临床。因此,仍需继续加强研究,以便寻找合适的分子标志物来预测肿瘤的复发及转移。     

ATRA inhibits experimental liver metastasis of gastric cancer cells in nude mice

AIM To study the effects of ATRA on experimental liver metastasis of gastric cancer cells.METHODS MGc80-3 and SGC-7901 cells were injectied into spleen subcapsule of nude mice, who weresubsequently administrated with ATRA every other day. Food-intake and body weight of mice were measuredweekly. After six weeks, the nude mice were executed, tumors in spleen and liver were examinedpathologically, microtumor vessel density (MVD) was accounted by immunohistochemical method and serumCEA was measured by radioimmunoassay.RESULTS Nude mice administrated with ATRA, the growth of spleen tumor and its metastatic ability toliver were inhibited, the metastatic rate was decreased by 33.3% (MGc80-3) and 50.0% (SGC-7901). SpleenMVD and liver MVD were reduced by 28.6% and 22.9% (MGc80-3), 23.7% and 37.6% (SGC-7901),respectively. The serum CEA was lowered by 43.4% (MGc80-3).CONCLUSION ATRA can effectively inhibit the experimental liver metastasis of gastric cancer cells,which is relavant with the decrease of MVD and CEA.     

肝肉瘤样癌误诊为肝细胞癌1例报告

肉瘤样癌是指形态学类似梭形细胞肉瘤但实际上为癌的一类较少见恶性肿瘤的总称,可以发生在全身多个器官,但以上呼吸道、肺、乳腺和肾常见^（[1]）。肝肉瘤样癌（sarcomatoid hepatocellular carcinoma,SHC）是发生于肝脏的一种少见的恶性肿瘤,恶性程度高,预后较差,1年生存率几乎为0^（[2]）。1病例资料患者男性,54岁,因＂发现肝占位2年,反复发热1个月＂     

Relationship between expression of CD44v6 and nm23-H1 and tumor invasion and metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＣＤ４４ｉｓａｃｅｌｓｕｒｆａｃｅｔｒａｎｓｍｅｍｂｒａｎｅｇｌｙｃｏｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ．Ａｓａｋｉｎｄｏｆａｄｈｅｓｉｖｅｍｏｌｅｃｕｌｅ,ｉｔｐａｒｔｉｃｉｐａｔｅｓｉｎｃｅｌｃｅｌａｎｄｃｅｌｍａｔｒｉｘａｄｈｅｓｉｏｎ...