血红素氧合酶-1抗肺缺血再灌注损伤的进展

HO同功酶有HO-1、HO-2和HO-3。其中HO-1可被许多刺激因素所诱导，具有分解血红素的基本功能及内源性抗氧化应激的细胞保护作用。而肺缺血再灌注损伤近年来广泛受到关注，本文在阐述HO-1的诱导、功能等基础上，对HO-1抗肺缺血再灌注损伤的进展作一综述。     

血红素加氧酶-1在肝脏缺血再灌注损伤研究中新进展

肝脏缺血再灌注损伤(hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury,HIRI)的分子机制迄今尚未完全清楚。血红素加氧酶-1(heme oxygenase-1,HO-1)是体内血红素降解的起始酶和限速酶,在体内分解血红素生成一氧化碳(CO)、胆绿素和自由铁。HO-1系统具有抗炎、抗氧化、抗凋亡和促进细胞存活、循环稳定和免疫调节的作用,在HIRI中发挥着至关重要的作用。通过药物或基因工程的方法诱导产生HO-1,能减轻HIRI,目前这一方向已经成为该领域的研究热点。     

血红素氧合酶-1抗肺缺血再灌注损伤的进展

HO同功酶有HO 1、HO 2和HO 3。其中HO 1可被许多刺激因素所诱导 ,具有分解血红素的基本功能及内源性抗氧化应激的细胞保护作用。而肺缺血再灌注损伤近年来广泛受到关注 ,本文在阐述HO 1的诱导、功能等基础上 ,对HO 1抗肺缺血再灌注损伤的进展作一综述     

血红素氧合酶对大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

血红素氧合酶(HO)是血红素降解的起始酶和限速酶,能在体内分解血红素生成一氧化碳(CO)、胆绿素和游离铁.研究发现,HO对缺血再灌注损伤器官组织起保护作用[1].本研究旨在通过应用血红素氧合酶的诱导剂氯高铁血红素和抑制剂锌原卟啉(ZnPP)来研究HO对大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注(IR)损伤的影响及其可能机制.     

血红素氧合酶对大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注损伤细胞凋亡及相关基因的影响

目的通过应用血红素氧合酶（HO）的诱导剂氯高血红素和抑制剂锌原卟啉（ZnPP），探讨HO对大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注（IR）细胞凋亡及其相关基因的影响。方法将96只Sprague—Dawley大鼠采用钳夹法制备肝脏IR模型，随机分为假手术组、IR组、氯高血红素组和ZnPP组，检测再灌注0、1．5、4h和8h各个时间点大鼠肝脏功能以及病理学改变，流式细胞法测定肝细胞凋亡率、TUNEL法观察再灌注后4h大鼠肝细胞的凋亡情况，Western blot法检测再灌注后8h Bcl-2和Caspase-3的表达。结果在IR组各时间点均可见ALT和AST增高，病理学检查可见肝细胞肿胀，肝窦变窄，嗜中性粒细胞浸润和片状坏死等变化，肝组织中细胞凋亡率明显升高，Bcl-2的表达减少，而Caspase-3的表达增加。在氯高血红素组再灌注后1．5、4h和8h ALT和AST值明显降低，肝脏病理学改善，凋亡细胞减少及细胞凋亡率降低，肝脏Bcl-2的表达增加，Caspase-3的表达减少。ZnPP组则显示与之相反的结果。结论HO在肝脏IR损伤中具有保护作用，这种保护作用可能与抑制细胞凋亡有关。     

血红素氧合酶-1在器官移植中的保护作用

血红素氧合酶(heme oxygenase,HO)是体内唯一一种催化血红素分解代谢的限速酶,他可以氧化降解血红素,将其分解为一氧化碳、自由铁和胆绿素．血红素氧合酶-1(HO-1)是唯一可以被诱导的血红素氧合酶,近年来大量的研究发现HO-1具有抗炎、抗凋亡、抗增生反应等多种保护作用．HO-1不仅可以在机体生理状态下发挥作用,更为重要的是他可以在机体非正常状态包括应激状态下被诱导,被认为是在细胞受损时维持其氧化和抗氧化动态平衡的关键因素．本文就HO-1在器官移植研究领域的细胞保护作用作如下综述．     

姜黄素后处理通过血红素氧合酶1发挥对心肌缺血/再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的　探讨姜黄素后处理对心肌缺血/再灌注（I/R）损伤的作用及其可能的机制。方法　选用48只雄性SD大鼠随机分为4组:假手术组、I/R组、姜黄素后处理组和姜黄素+ZnPPⅨ后处理组。结扎雄性SD大鼠冠状动脉左前降支,使心肌缺血30　min,再灌注6　h造成心肌缺血再灌注损伤模型,并于缺血30　min后再灌注前1　分钟内由舌下静脉推注姜黄素或ZnPPⅨ。检测各组大鼠的心肌病理改变以及心功能改变、血浆中乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、肌酸激酶（CK）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性和丙二醛（MDA）含量以及心肌组织中血红素氧合酶1（HO-1）活性和表达改变。结果　与I/R组比较,姜黄素后处理可明显上调HO-1活性和表达,并能显著抑制I/R后的心肌氧化应激损伤反应。这一保护作用可被HO-1抑制剂ZnPPⅨ部分消除。结论　姜黄素后处理可通过抗氧化作用减轻心肌I/R损伤,其保护作用与上调HO-1蛋白的活性和表达有关。     

血红素氧合酶对大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注损伤时钙离子-ATP酶及细胞间粘附因子-1的影响

在生理状态下,细胞内Ca2 浓度主要依赖细胞膜Ca2 ATP酶的调控,而细胞间粘附因子(ICAM)是介导中性粒细胞与内皮细胞粘附的主要因子,本文应用血红素氧合酶(HO)诱导剂氯高血红素(hemin)和抑制剂锌原卟啉(ZnPP)研究HO对大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注(IR)损伤时Ca2 -ATP酶活力和ICAM-1蛋白表达的影响。一、材料与方法1．肝脏IR模型的制备:取雄性SD大鼠,于手术前12 h     

血红素氧合酶与肝脏疾病

血红素氧合酶-一氧化碳(HO-CO)系统可在应激状态下激活,有抗氧自由基、抗炎性介质损伤,舒张血管平滑肌等作用,在人体各系统中发挥重要作用.此文就血红素氧合酶在肝病中的研究进行综述.     

肝脏缺血再灌注损伤与钙超载

肝脏缺血再灌注损伤是临床上常见的病理过程,其发生机制与细胞内钙超载有关.钙超载的发生与胞质膜裂隙作用、Na /Ca2 交换、Ca2 -ATP酶活性下降、线粒体功能障碍以及氧自由基有关.钙超载防治措施包括:线粒体ATP敏感的K通道开放剂、麻醉荆、钙离子拮抗剂、线粒体通透性转换孔抑制剂和血红素氧合酶等.     

Heme oxygenase-1 induction by hemin protects liver cells from ischemia/reperfusion injury in cirrhotic rats

AIM： To investigate the potential protective effect of HO-1 on cirrhotic liver cells in rats.
METHODS： Male Wistar rats included in the current study were randomly divided into 5 groups as follows： normal （N） group; liver cirrhotic （LC） group; sham （S） group; I/R group and I/R ＋ hemin group. The model for inducing liver cirrhosis in rats was established according to a previously published protocol. Following this the segmental hepatic ischemia reperfusion operation was carried out. The rats were treated with 30 l~mol/kg hemin （HO-1 inducer, ferric portoporphyrin IX chloride） i.p. or 0.9% NaCI （control） 24 h and 12 h before hepatic ischemia for 30 min or sham laparotomy. Blood was collected for serum enzymatic measurement 6 and 12 h after reperfusion or sham laparotomy. HO-1, NF-κB and caspase-3 expressions were assessed by immunohistochemical analysis.
RESULTS： The expressions of proteins are inversely correlated to the gray values. HO-1 expression in the I/R ＋ hemin group was increased significantly than I/R group at 6 h and 12 h after hepatic I/R （6 h： 112.0± 8.3 vs 125.1± 5.7, P 〈 0.01; 12 h： 120.8± 11.0 vs 132.4 ± 6.2, P 〈 0.01）. Hemin improved serum manganese superoxide dismutase （MnSOD） （6 h： 131.3 ± 17.6 vs 107.0 ± 13.9, P 〈 0.01; 12 h： 141.4 ：E 12.5 vs 118.3± 10.2, P 〈 0.01）, lessened liver cell injury, decreased caspase-3（6 h： 166.7 ± 8.1 vs 145.5 ± 14.6, P 〈 0.01; 12 h： 172.8± 3.8 vs 148.0 ±6.5, P 〈 0.01） and NF-κB expression （6 h： 150.2 ± 8.6 vs 139.7 ±6.0, P 〈 0.01; 12 h： 151.1 ± 5.9 vs 148.1± 5.3, P 〉 0.05） and serum alanine aminotransferase （ALT） （6 h： 413.3± 104.1 vs 626.8 ±208.2, P 〈 0.01; 12 h： 322.2 ± 98.8 vs 425.8 ± 115.4, P 〈 0.05）, aspartate aminotransferase （AST） （6 h： 665.2 ± 70.1 vs 864.3± 70.4, P 〈 0.01; 12 h： 531.1 ± 98.6 vs 664.4± 115.6, P 〈 0.01）, malondialdehyde （MDA） levels （6 h： 11.1 ± 2.17 vs 13.5 ±2.01, P 〈 0.01; 12 h： 9.36     

Heme oxygenase-1 and gut ischemia/reperfusion injury: A short review

Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury of the gut is a significant problem in a variety of clinical settings and is associated with a high morbidity and mortality. Although the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of gut I/R injury have not been fully elucidated, it is generally believed that oxidative stress with subsequent inflammatory injury plays an important role. Heme oxygenase (HO) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the catabolism of heme, followed by production of CO, biliverdin, and free iron. The HO system is believed to confer cytoprotection by inhibiting inflammation, oxidation, and apoptosis, and maintaining microcirculation. HO-1, an inducible form of HO, serves a vital metabolic function as the rate-limiting step in the heme degradation pathway, and affords protection in models of intestinal I/R injury. HO-1 system is an important player in intestinal I/R injury condition, and may offer new targets for the management of this condition.     

Heme oxygenase-1 protects donor livers from ischemia/reperfusion injury:The role of Kupffer cells

AIM:To examine whether heme oxygenase (HO)-1 overexpression would exert direct or indirect effects on Kupffer cells activation, which lead to aggravation of reperfusion injury.METHODS: Donors were pretreated with cobalt protoporphyrin (CoPP) or zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP), HO-1 inducer and antagonist, respectively. Livers were stored at 4℃ for 24 h before transplantation. Kupffer cells were isolated and cultured for 6 h after liver reperfusion.RESULTS: Postoperatively, serum transaminases were significantly ...     

Heme oxygenase-1 alleviates ischemia／reperfusion injury in aged liver

AIM: To investigate if ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in aged liver could be alleviated by heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). METHODS: Three groups of SD rats (16 mo old) were studied. Group 1: control donors received physiological saline 24 h before their livers were harvested; group 2: donors were pretreated with hemih 24 h before their livers were harvested; and group 3: donors received hemin 24 h before their livers were harvested and zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP, HO-1 inhibitor) was given to recipients at reperfusion. The harvested livers were stored in University of Wisconsin solution (4℃) for 6 h, and then transplanted to syngeneic rats. Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), apoptotic cells, and apoptotic gene were measured 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 h after reperfusion. We measured the apoptotic index by TUNEL, determined the expression of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 and proapoptotic (caspase-3) gene products by Western blot.. RESULTS: After 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h of reperfusion, the SGOT levels (584.4±85.8 u/L, 999.2±125.2 u/L, 423.4±161.3 u/L, 257.8±95.8 u/L, and 122.4±26.4 u/L) in hemin group were significantly (all P<0.05) lower than those in saline group (1082.2±101.2 u/L, 1775.2±328.3 u/L, 840.4±137.8 u/L, 448.6±74.3 u/L, and 306.2±49.3 u/L). Liver HO-1 enzymatic activity correlated with beneficial effects of hemin and deleterious effects of adjunctive ZnPP treatment. Markedly less apoptotic (TUNEL+) liver cells 3, 6,12, 24, and 48 h after reperfusion (5.16±0.73, 10.2±0.67, 9.28±0.78, 7.14±1.12, and 4.78±0.65) (P<0.05) could be detected in hemin liver grafts, as compared to controls (7.82±1.05, 15.94±1.82, 11.67±1.59, 8.28±1.09, and 6.36±0.67). We detected the increased levels of Bcl-2 (1.5-fold) expression and compared with saline controls. These differences were most pronounced at 12 h after transplantation. In contrast, an active form of proapoptotic caspase-3 (p20) protein was found to be 2.9-fold lower at 24 h in hemin-pretreated group, as compared to saline liver transplant controls. CONCLUSION: HO-1 overexpression can provide potent protection against cold I/R injury. This effect depends, at least in part, on HO-1-mediated inhibition of antiapoptotic mechanism.     

Effect of notoginsenoside R1 on hepatic microcirculation disturbance induced by gut ischemia and reperfusion

AIM： To assess the effect of notoginsenoside R1 on hepatic microcirculatory disturbance induced by gut ischemia/reperfusion （I/R） in mice. METHODS： The superior mesenteric artery （SMA） of C57/BL mice was ligated for 15 min to induce gut ischemia followed by 30-rain reperfusion. In another set of experiments, R1 was continuously infused （10 mg/kg per hour） from 10 min before I/R until the end of the investigation to study the influence of R1 on hepatic microcirculatory disturbance induced by gut I/R. Hepatic microcirculation was observed by inverted microscopy, and the vascular diameter, red blood cell （RBC） velocity and sinusoid perfusion were estimated. Leukocyte rolling and adhesion were observed under a laser confocal microscope. Thirty and 60 min after reperfusion, lactate dehydrogenase （LDH）, alanine aminotransferase （ALl＇） and aspartate transaminase （AST） in peripheral blood were determined. The expression of adhesion molecules CD11b/CD18 in neutrophils and tumor necrosis factor- alpha （TNF-α）, interleukin-6 （IL-6） and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 （MCP-1） in plasma were evaluated by flow Oltometry. E-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 （ICAM-1） in hepatic tissue were examined by immunofluorescence.RESULTS： After gut I/R, the diameters of terminal portal venules and central veins, RBC velocity and the number of perfused sinusoids were decreased, while the leukocyte rolling and adhesion, the expression of E-selectin in hepatic vessels and CD18 in neutrophils, IL-6, MCP-1, LDH, ALT and AST were increased. R1 treatment attenuated these alterations except for IL-6 and MCP-1. CONCLUSION： R1 prevents I/R-induced hepatic microcirculation disturbance and hepatocyte injury, The effect of R1 is related to its inhibition of leukocyte rolling and adhesion by inhibiting the expression of E-selectin in endothelium and CD18 in neutrophils.