下颌升支矢状劈开联合下颌下缘骨切除术矫正骨性反合并下颌骨过宽过长畸形

目的:总结正颌外科矫治下颌前突畸形的临床体会。方法:对12例下颌前突畸形合并下颌骨过宽过长患者同期进行了下颌升支矢状劈开下颌前突矫正术及下颌下缘骨切除术。结果:经术后1～2年随诊观察,12例患者均取得满意疗效,获得协调的上下颌关系,面下份形态轮廓恢复良好。结论:下颌前突畸形合并下颌骨过宽过长患者同期行下颌升支矢状劈开下颌前突矫正术及下颌下缘骨切除术,配合术前、术后的正畸治疗,降低了术中意外和术后并发症,弥补了传统行SSRO的不足,使患者恢复咬合功能的同时充分改善面部形态轮廓,达到面部整形美学标准。     

下颌升支矢状劈开截骨术矫治下颌前突并发症的原因和预防

目的:探讨应用下颌升支矢状劈开截骨术矫治下颌前突并发症的原因及预防措施。方法:对1997年1月～2005年1月于我院采用下颌升支矢状劈开截骨术矫正的下颌前突及下颌前突合并其他部位畸形患者95例术后并发症进行回顾性分析。结果:术后单侧或双侧下唇区感觉障碍11例,严重出血1例,劈骨时单侧下颌升支意外骨折1例,术后切口感染1例,畸形轻度复发4例。结论:下齿槽神经损伤、出血、骨折、感染和复发是下颌升支矢状劈开截骨术常见并发症,不仅影响手术效果,而且可能危及生命。必须根据发生原因采取有效的预防措施,才能降低或避免其发生。     

下颌升支矢状劈开术联合快速正畸矫治下颌前突畸形的术后护理

目的:探讨下颌升支矢状劈开截骨联合快速正畸矫治下颌前突畸形的术后心理干预和口腔及牙弓夹板管理的护理效果。方法:选择本科室2008年1月～2011年12月治疗的103例应用此手术方法矫治下颌前突的患者均采用心理干预和口腔及牙弓夹板的管理。结果:103例患者对术后效果满意且没有出现术后并发症。结论:完善的口腔及牙弓夹板管理,可预防感染,防止并发症;术后心理干预可提高患者对手术的满意度。     

口内入路改良下颌升支矢状劈开截骨术矫治下颌前突

目的:探讨改良下颌升支矢状劈开截骨术(SSRO)和经典SSRO何种术式是矫治下颌前突的更为合适的手术方式。方法:采用改良SSRO或经典SSRO矫正真性下颌前突及下颌前突合并其他部位畸形患者95例,采用改良术式矫正43例,经典术式矫正52例。结果:经典术式组术后单侧或双侧下唇麻木9例,劈骨时单侧下颌升支意外骨折1例,严重出血1例,术后切口感染1例,术后复发3例。改良术式组术后感觉障碍2例,术后复发1例,无颌骨意外骨折、严重出血、术后感染等并发症发生。随访3月～7年,所有患者术后面型及咬合关系均得到明显改善。结论:改良术式具有经典术式无法比拟的优点:操作方便,手术时间短,术后恢复快;手术风险小;增加了下颌体的后退量;术中术后并发症少。因而是下颌前突尤其是严重前突和伴有偏颌畸形患者升支矢状劈开旋转、后退的首选术式,配合正规及时的术前、术后口腔正畸治疗,具有更为广阔的应用前景。     

双颌手术同期植骨矫治唇腭裂术后严重双颌畸形

目的:总结分析高位Le Fort Ⅰ型截骨术与下颌升支矢状劈开截骨术联合应用,配合牙槽嵴裂植骨术矫治唇腭裂术后严重双颌畸形的手术设计与效果.方法:2002年1月～2006年4月,共收治18例唇腭裂术后严重双颌畸形患者,男8例,女10例.年龄16～33岁,平均24.5岁.单侧唇腭裂15例,双侧3例.影像学检查均有继发严重双颌畸形的主要表现.均联合应用高位Le Fort Ⅰ型截骨术和下颌升支矢状劈开截骨术,同期行牙槽嵴裂自体髂骨游离移植Ⅰ期手术矫正.结果:术后伤口均Ⅰ期愈合.复查头部X线片,所有患者上、下颌骨位置均得到明显改善.随访6个月～3年,牙弓外形良好,X线片示无明显骨质吸收,植骨区密度与周围接近.18例均获得满意面容及良好的<牙合>关系. 结论:高位Le Fort Ⅰ型截骨术与下颌升支矢状劈开截骨术联合应用,配合牙槽嵴裂植骨术可以Ⅰ期矫治唇腭裂术后严重双颌畸形,并可以获得满意的手术效果.不但可以减少手术次数,而且还降低了手术费用,是矫治唇腭裂术后严重双颌畸形的一种有效方法.     

双颌手术矫治下颌前突的临床效果研究

目的探讨应用双颌手术联合正畸治疗矫治骨性Ⅲ类下颌前突畸形的临床效果。方法自2015年7月至2020年6月,辽宁省人民医院口腔科对7例骨性Ⅲ类下颌前突畸形患者,实施规范的术前X线头影测量分析、诊断,以及术前正畸、正颌外科手术、术后正畸和随访疗效评估的诊治程序进行双颌手术正颌外科联合正畸治疗。采用基本术式为LefortⅠ型切开截骨术(LefortⅠostotomy)整体前移上颌骨、双侧下颌升支矢状劈开截骨术后退下颌。结果所有患者术后伤口均一期愈合,无感染及骨坏死发生;随访1~3年,所有患者的上下颌骨关系正常,牙弓形态及牙颌曲线正常,牙排列整齐,咬关系及咀嚼效能良好,面部改善较明显,均达到了患者的期望。结论按照标准规范的正畸正颌联合诊治程序,应用双颌手术联合正畸治疗矫治骨性Ⅲ类下颌前突畸形患者,在临床上可取得一定的诊疗效果,不仅恢复了患者的咬关系和咀嚼功能,更改善了颜面外形和提高了生活质量。     

下颌升支矢状劈开不同截骨术矫治下颌前突的对比分析

目的探讨改良和经典下颌升支矢状劈开截骨术在矫治下颌前突方面的适应证及优缺点。方法1997年1月~2005年1月,采用下颌升支矢状劈开截骨术矫正真性下颌前突及下颌前突合并其他部位畸形患者95例,男34例,女61例。年龄15~44岁,平均21.3岁。单纯下颌前突53例,下颌前突合并偏颌28例,上颌后缩11例,大舌2例,双侧颧骨突出1例。X线头影测量:蝶鞍点-鼻根点-上齿槽座点角(sella-nasion-Apoint,SNA)80~83°,蝶鞍点-鼻根点-下齿槽座点角(sella-nasion-Bpoint,SNB)80~84°,上齿槽座点-鼻根点-下齿槽座点角(Apoint-nasion-Bpoint,ANB)-3~1°。采用改良术式43例,经典术式52例。结果患者术后面型及咬关系均得到明显改善。经典术式组患者术后单侧或双侧下唇区感觉障碍9例,劈骨时单侧下颌升支意外骨折1例,严重出血1例,术后切口感染1例,畸形轻度复发3例。改良术式组患者术后下唇区感觉障碍2例,畸形轻度复发1例,无颌骨意外骨折、严重出血和术后感染等并发症发生。随访3个月~7年,复查X线并进行头影测量:SNA角81~83°,SNB角78~81°,ANB角1~4°。结论改良术式是下颌前突尤其是严重前突和伴有偏颌患者升支矢状劈开旋转、后退比较理想的一种手术方式,而对轻度至中度下颌前突患者则既可应用改良术式也可应用经典术式。     

关节成型术后颞颌关节强直小颌畸形的矫治

目的:总结颞颌关节强直关节成型术后小颌畸形的临床矫治经验。方法:对1990年1月￣2005年12月收治的7例颞颌关节强直关节成型术后小颌畸形患者,在系统的围手术期准备后,对不同关节成型术的小颌畸形患者,进行了改良和常规口内下颌升支矢状劈开截骨术及颏水平前徙成形术。结果:7例颞颌关节强直关节成型术后小颌畸形患者,矫正了小颌畸形,面容获得明显改善,取得了理想的效果。结论:改良下颌升支矢状劈开截骨术和常规下颌升支矢状劈开截骨术及颏水平前徙成形术,是颞颌关节强直关节成型术后小颌畸形可靠的术式。     

口内入路下颌升支矢状劈开术的改良及应用

目的：为便于术中行骨间坚固内固定和增强术后的稳定性，设计改良的口内入路下颌升支矢状劈开术方法并进行应用。方法：66例牙颌面畸形患者均行改良的口内入路下颌升支矢状劈开术。切口设计要点：①软组织切口宜延至第二前磨牙；②骨组织垂直切口应从第一磨牙近中面始垂直向下颌缘；宜在每侧下颌升支骨间斜形线近远骨端两侧用三块小型钛板钛钉行坚固内固定，间隔10mm。术后辅以1～2周颌间牵引固定。结果：无论下颌骨前徙、后退或旋转，下颌骨均较稳定地在设计的位置愈合，获得满意的颜面外形和稳定的咬合关系。结论：该手术改良便于术中骨断端间行坚固内固定，同时钛板钛钉坚固内固定的方法与位置可减少损伤下齿槽神经血管束，增加了术后骨段间的接触面与稳定性并预防了复发。另外，术前与术后正畸治疗的配合是必需的。     

正颌联合术后正畸矫治唇腭裂术后的牙颌面畸形

目的探讨应用正颌手术联合术后正畸矫治唇腭裂术后牙颌面畸形的方法。方法2002年1月至2010年8月,共收治25例唇腭裂术后颌骨畸形患者。男11例,女14例;年龄16～33岁;单侧唇腭裂19例,双侧6例。所有患者术前均未接受过正畸治疗。本组患者均联合应用正颌手术和术后正畸建牙合矫治唇腭裂术后颌骨畸形。结果25例患者经过3~12个月的术后正畸治疗,均建立了良好的咬牙合关系,恢复正常咬合功能。随访6个月至3年,术后疗效稳定。结论唇腭裂术后颌骨畸形采用正颌手术联合术后正畸能够有效矫治牙颌面畸形。     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

A Teaspoon Pump for Pumping Blood with High Hydraulic Efficiency and Low Hemolysis Potential

Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.     

A comparison of the inhibitory effects of four volatile anaesthetics on the metabolism of chlorzoxazone, a substrate for CYP2E1, in rabbits

Background: Halothane inhibits in vitro and in vivo activity of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 2E1. There are several fluorinated volatile anaesthetics besides halothane, and most of them are defluorinated by CYP2E1. It is unclear whether other fluorinated anaesthetics inhibit the in vivo activity of CYP2E1.
Methods: We compared the inhibitory effects of therapeutic concentrations of four inhalational anaesthetics, halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane, on chlorzoxazone metabolism in rabbits receiving artificial ventilation.
Results: All four inhalational anaesthetics decreased arterial blood pressure and increased plasma chlorzoxazone concentration. However, no significant differences in the plasma chlorzoxazone concentration were found between the four anaesthetics. The estimated chlorzoxazone clearance increased after beginning inhalation with all four agents, but no significant difference in clearance was noted between agents.
Conclusions: At therapeutic concentrations, the in vivo inhibitory effect on chlorzoxazone metabolism was similar for all four inhalational anaesthetics examined, even though their chemical characteristics and extent of hepatic metabolism differ considerably.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

Tissue perfusion in relation to cardiac output during continuous positive-pressure ventilation and administration of propranolol or verapamil

Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H₂O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.15 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Volatile anaesthetics reduce adhesion of blood platelets under low-flow conditions in the coronary system of isolated guinea pig hearts

Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.     

Synergistic interaction between the effects of propofol and midazolam with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity in rabbits

Background: It has been shown that the depressive effects of both propofol and midazolam on consciousness are synergistic with opioids, but the nature of their interactions on other physiological systems, e. g. respiration, has not been fully investigated. The present study examined the effect of propofol and midazolam alone and in combination with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity (PNA) and whether such interactions are additive or synergistic. Methods: PNA was recorded in 27 anaesthetised and artificially ventilated rabbits. In three groups, propofol, fentanyl and midazolam were administered intravenously in incremental doses to construct dose-response curves for the depressant effects of each one on PNA. In another two groups, the effect of pretreatment with either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. on the effects of propofol and fentanyl respectively on PNA were studied. Results: Propofol and fentanyl caused a dose-dependent depression of PNA with complete abolition at the highest total doses of 16 mg · kg^?1 i. v. and 32 μg · kg^?1 i. v., respectively. In contrast, midazolam in incremental doses to a total of 0.8 mg · kg^?1 reduced mean PNA by 63%, but approximately 12% of PNA remained at a total dose as high as 6.4 mg · kg^?1. The mean ED₅₀s, calculated from dose-response curves, were 5.4 mg · kg^?1, 3.9 μg · kg^?1 and 0.4 mg · kg^?1 for propofol, fentanyl and midazolam, respectively. Initial doses of either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. acted synergistically with subsequent doses of either propofol or fentanyl to abolish PNA at total doses of 8 mg · kg^?1 and 8 μg · kg^?1, respectively. Conclusion: Fentanyl has a synergistic interaction with both propofol and midazolam on PNA and hence potentially on respiration.     

Influence of dopexamine hydrochloride on haemodynamics and regulators of circulation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery

Background: Catecholaminergic support is often used to improve haemodynamics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Dopexamine is a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine with beneficial microcirculatory properties. Methods: The influence of perioperative administration of dopexamine on cardiorespiratory data and important regulators of macro- and microcirculation were studied in 30 patients undergoing Whipple pancreaticduodenectomy. The patients received randomized and blinded either 2 μg · kg^?1 · min^?1 of dopexamine (n=15) or placebo (n=15, control group). The infusion was started after induction of anaesthesia and continued until the morning of the first postoperative day. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and catecholamine plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples. Measurements were carried out after induction of anaesthesia, 2 h after onset of surgery, at the end of surgery, 2 h after surgery, and on the morning of the first postoperative day. Results: Cardiac index (CI) increased significantly in the dopexamine group (from 2.61±0.41 to 4.57±0.78 1 · min^?1 · m^?2) and remained elevated until the morning of the first postoperative day. Oxygen delivery index (DO₂I) and oxygen consumption index (VO₂I) were also significantly increased in the dopexamine group (DO₂I: from 416±91 to 717±110 ml/m² · m²; VO₂I: from 98±25 to 157±22 ml/m² · m²), being significantly higher than in the control group. pHi remained stable only in the dopexamine patients, indicating adequate splanchnic perfusion. Vasopressive regulators of circulation increased significantly only in the untreated control patients (vasopressin: from 4.37±1.1 to 35.9±12.1 pg/ml; ET-1: from 2.88±0.91 to 6.91±1.20 pg/ml). Conclusion: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery may profit from prophylactic perioperative administration of dopexamine hydrochloride in the form of improved haemodynamics and oxygenation as well as beneficial influence on important regulators of organ blood flow.     

Systemic analgesia adapted to the children's condition

A concept of balanced analgesia using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), paracetamol (acetaminophen), opioids, and corticosteroids can also be used in patients with pre-existing illnesses. NSAIDs are the most effective treatment for acute pain of moderate intensity in children; however, these drugs should be avoided in patients at increased risk for serious side effects, e.g. patients with renal impairment, bleeding tendency, or extreme prematurity. NSAIDs can be given with minimal risks to the younger child with mild to moderate asthma, and, in these patients, the use of steroids can be encouraged; in addition to their antiemetic and analgesic action, a beneficial effect on asthma symptoms can be expected. In the non-intubated child with cerebral trauma, exaggerated sedation caused by opioids and increased bleeding tendency caused by NSAIDs must be avoided. In neonates and small infants, the oral administration of sucrose or glucose is helpful to minimize pain reaction during short uncomfortable interventions.