白细胞介素4基因转移的肿瘤细胞体内增强巨噬细胞功能的实…

观察了小鼠接种高分泌ＩＬ－４的黑色素瘤细胞后腹腔内巨噬细胞功能的变化，荷瘤小鼠腹腔内巨噬细胞杀伤性在荷瘤后第４天及第１２天出现两个高峰，荷瘤后第１５天小鼠腹腔内巨噬细胞的吞噬能力及ＭＨＣⅡ类抗原的表达增强，抗原提呈能力增高，荷瘤后第４天及第１２天腹腔内巨噬细胞经诱导的ＩＬ－１水平出现两个高峰，经诱导的ＴＮＦ水平变化不明显，此实验结果表明，高分泌ＩＬ－４的黑色素瘤细胞体内生长受抑制的原因之一是ＩＬ－     

白细胞介素4基因转移的肿瘤细胞体内增强巨噬细胞功能的实验研究

观察了小鼠接种高分泌ＩＬ－４的黑色素瘤细胞后腹腔内巨噬细胞功能的变化。荷瘤小鼠腹腔内巨噬细胞杀伤性在荷瘤后第４天及第１２天出现两个高峰；荷瘤后第１５天小鼠腹腔内巨噬细胞的吞噬能力及ＭＨＣⅡ类抗原的表达增强，抗原提呈能力增高；荷瘤后第４天及第１２天腹腔内巨噬细胞经诱导的ＩＬ－１水平出现两个高峰，经诱导的ＴＮＦ水平变化不明显。此实验结果表明，高分泌ＩＬ－４的黑色素瘤细胞体内生长受抑制的原因之一是ＩＬ－４基因的导入及ＩＬ－４的分泌使体内巨噬细胞的抗原提呈能力增强及杀伤活性的显著提高，因而使机体抗肿瘤免疫功能得以增强。     

重组BCG疫苗和结核杆菌HSP65 DNA疫苗免疫原性的比较研究

目的　研究重组BCG(recombinantBCG ,rBCG)疫苗和人结核杆菌热休克蛋白 (heatshockprotein ,HSP) 6 5DNA疫苗对小鼠免疫应答的影响 ,评价两种疫苗的免疫原性。方法　用rBCG疫苗和HSP6 5DNA疫苗免疫BALB/c小鼠 ,免疫 8周时 ,采血、取腹腔巨噬细胞和脾脏进行实验。以NO释放量检测巨噬细胞吞噬活性 ,以淋巴细胞刺激指数 (SI)反映细胞增殖能力 ,以ELISA试剂盒检测血清及脾淋巴细胞培养上清的IL 2和IFN γ的含量。结果　rBCG疫苗以 10 6CFU/鼠的剂量经皮下免疫小鼠后 ,其脾淋巴细胞的增殖能力明显高于对照组 ,BCG组和HSP6 5DNA疫苗组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;腹腔巨噬细胞一氧化氮 (NO)的含量和血清IL 2的含量明显高于对照组 (P <0 .0 1) ;血清IFN γ的含量明显高于HSP6 5DNA疫苗组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;其余测定参数均有升高趋势 ,但差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。而HSP6 5DNA疫苗以 5 0 μg/鼠的剂量经肌注免疫小鼠后 ,其血清IL 2的含量明显高于对照组 (P <0 .0 1) ;血清IFN γ的含量明显低于rBCG组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;其余测定参数与其他各组相比差异均无显著性(P >0 .0 5 )。结论　本实验结果显示 ,rBCG疫苗具有良好的免疫原性 ,能明显增强BALB/c小鼠的免疫应答反应。HSP6 5DNA疫苗亦能刺激机体的免疫应答 ,但其反应强度似乎不     

微囊化转mIFN-γ基因CHO细胞皮下移植促进荷瘤小鼠TH1/TH2的漂移

目的：通过观察微囊化转mIFN-γ基因CHO细胞皮下移植对荷瘤小鼠TH1／TH2类细胞因子的影响，进一步了解外源性IFN－γ对TH1／TH2平衡的调节作用，同时验证微囊化基因工程细胞移植治疗恶性肿瘤的可行性。方法：将mIFN-γ基因转染到正常细胞CHO，然后进行微囊化，移植到荷瘤小鼠的皮下，2周后，测定小鼠血清TH1和TH2类细胞因子IFN－γ、IL－2、IL－12、IL－4、IL－10的水平，并与对照组相比较。同时测量肿瘤的平均直径，以观察肿瘤的生长速度，并观察荷瘤小鼠的生存期。结果：经微囊化转mIFN-γ基因CHO细胞皮下移植干预治疗后，小鼠血清TH1类细胞因子IFN－γ、IL－2、IL－12水平明显升高，而TH2类细胞因子IL－4、IL－10变化不明显；小鼠肿瘤的生长速度明显减慢，生存期明显延长。结论：外源性IFN－γ促进荷瘤小鼠TH1细胞的分化，使TH1／TH2向着TH1方向漂移；微囊化基因工程细胞的移植，有望替代基因工程药物，成为治疗恶性肿瘤的又一新平台。     

几种人源乳酸杆菌的免疫调节及抑瘤作用

目的探讨人阴道内分离出的3株乳酸杆菌对巨噬细胞的调节和拮抗小鼠宫颈癌U14的作用。方法建立KM小鼠U14移植瘤动物模型,随机分组,以模型组、顺铂组(DDP)分别作为阴性、阳性对照组。乳酸杆菌组小鼠腹腔注射乳酸杆菌1010个/只,连续10 d;测定小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞产生TNF-α、NO的水平和肿瘤抑制率。结果与模型组比较,3株乳酸杆菌处理组的小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞产生TNF-α、NO的水平明显增高,均能抑制KM小鼠U14移植瘤生长。结论乳酸杆菌具有抑制小鼠宫颈癌的作用,其抑瘤机制可能与激活巨噬细胞产生TNF-α和NO有关。     

猪苓多糖对巨噬细胞一氧化氮生成和细胞内还原型谷胱甘肽的影响

本文观察了猪苓多糖 (PPS )对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞一氧化氮 (NO )生成和细胞内还原型谷胱甘肽 (GSH )的影响。结果显示 :(1)PPS对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞NO生成具有明显的促进作用 ;(2 )细胞内GSH浓度随NO生成增加而减少 ;(3)这些作用能被NO生成抑制剂L NMMA所抑制。结果表明PPS能促进小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞NO生成 ,并同时消耗细胞内GSH。提示细胞内GSH可能起到调节巨噬细胞NO生成和保护宿主细胞免受NO介导的细胞毒作用。     

白细胞介素-6对胰腺癌荷瘤小鼠移植瘤生长及Caspase-3/Bax/Bcl-2信号通路的影响

目的 探讨白细胞介素（IL)-6促进胰腺癌MPC-83细胞荷瘤小鼠移植瘤生长的Caspase-3/Bax/Bcl-2凋亡信号通路的作用机制。 方法 取40只小鼠,腋部皮下注射小鼠胰腺癌MPC-83细胞制作胰腺癌荷瘤动物模型,随机分为空白对照组（A组）,腹腔注射PBS 10 ml/kg;IL-6组（B组）,腹腔注射重组小鼠IL-6 200 μg/kg;IL-6受体阻断剂组（C组）,腹腔注射托珠单克隆抗体100 mg/kg;IL-6+IL-6受体阻断剂组（D组）,腹腔注射托珠单抗 100 mg/kg,30 min后再注射重组小鼠IL-6 200 μg/kg,每组10只。各组小鼠每3 d给药1次,持续至28 d。于实验开始后第0、7、14、21及28天,记录瘤体积变化;采用ELISA法检测瘤组织生存素（survivin）和细胞色素C（Cyt-C）含量;采用反转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）和Western blotting法检测瘤组织Caspase-3、Bax及Bcl-2 mRNA和蛋白表达水平。结果 与A组比较,B组荷瘤小鼠瘤组织第7、14、21及28天生长较快,瘤组织生存素含量升高,细胞色素C含量下降,Caspase-3和Bax mRNA和蛋白表达水平下调,Bcl-2 mRNA和蛋白表达水平上调（P<0.05,P<0.01）;与B组比较,C组与D组荷瘤小鼠瘤组织第14、21及28天生长缓慢,瘤组织生存素含量降低,细胞色素C含量升高,Caspase-3、Bax mRNA和蛋白表达水平升高,Bcl-2 mRNA和蛋白表达水平降低（P<0.05,P<0.01）;C组与D组比较,各检测指标差异无显著性（P> 0.05）。结论 IL-6促进胰腺癌生长增殖的作用与其调控Caspase-3/Bax/Bcl-2细胞凋亡信号通路相关。     

香菇多糖对荷瘤小鼠胸腺、脾和肿瘤的影响

目的:探讨香菇多糖不同给药次数对小鼠S180肉瘤的作用及其机制.方法:制备S180荷瘤小鼠动物模型,于接种肿瘤后第2日始分别隔日腹腔注射生理盐水或香菇多糖,按给药3次和7次后分刖处死各组小鼠,观察小鼠胸腺指数、脾指数、肿瘤指数等各项指标以及肿瘤组织的病理改变.结果:给药7次组与同时期荷瘤生理盐水组相比,胸腺指数、脾指数明显增加,且肿瘤生长缓慢,肿瘤重量明显降低,抑瘤率达到47.85%;而给药3次组各项指标的差别与同时期小鼠相比无统计学意义;病理学观察显示香菇多糖给药7次组肿瘤组织中的细胞间质显著增多,瘤细胞周围有较多的淋巴细胞浸润.结论:腹腔注射7次合适剂量的香菇多糖能明显抑制S180荷瘤小鼠肿瘤的生长,其作用机制可能是通过增强荷瘤小鼠自身免疫功能来实现.     

猪苓及猪苓多糖协同卡介苗对膀胱癌大鼠模型腹腔巨噬细胞功能的影响

目的:观察猪苓及猪苓多糖(PPS)协同卡介苗(BCG)对BBN诱导的大鼠膀胱癌腹腔巨噬细胞表面分子的表达及体外NO释放的影响。方法:流式细胞术检测BBN诱导膀胱癌大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的表面分子CD14、TLR4;共刺激分子CD86、CD40的表达。Griess试剂盒检测并分析猪苓及PPS协同BCG对腹腔巨噬细胞体外NO释放的影响。结果:PPS协同BCG组巨噬细胞表面CD86、CD40的表达与模型组比较均显著升高(P<0.05)。猪苓协同BCG组CD86、CD40的表达介于模型组与空白对照组之间,与两者均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。BCG组腹腔巨噬细胞TLR4/CD14的表达显著升高(P<0.05)。PPS协同BCG组TLR4/CD14的表达显著低于单独BCG组。PPS协同BCG组及猪苓协同BCG组与模型组比较NO释放的比值均显著降低(P<0.05)。结论:猪苓及PPS能协同BCG调节膀胱癌大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞表面分子的表达,降低腹腔巨噬细胞NO的释放,从而调节膀胱癌大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的功能,降低NO过度释放对机体组织的损伤作用。     

IL-3基因转染的肿瘤细胞体内对巨噬细胞数目和功能的影响

曾发现转染IL—3基因的黑色素瘤细胞(B16—IL—3)体内致瘤性下降,肿瘤组织有包括巨噬细胞在内的大量炎症细胞浸润。进而研究了C57BL/6小鼠在皮下接种B16—IL—3细胞后,腹腔巨噬细胞数目和功能的变化。在接种B16-IL-3细胞后第4天,腹腔巨噬细胞的数目就升高1倍,接种后第10～15天升高5～6倍。而且体外无需LPS的刺激,腹腔巨噬细胞就能分泌一定水平的细胞因子IL—1、IL—6和TNF,具有较强的杀伤活性,体外经LPS刺激后,其分泌水平和杀伤活性继续升高,明显高于对照组。此外。腹腔巨噬细胞MHC二类抗原Ia的表达也明显增强。提示B16—IL—3细胞分泌的IL—3有效地激活了体内的巨噬细胞,这可能是B16—IL—3细胞体内致瘤性下降的原因之一。     

A defect in HIV-1 transgenic murine macrophages results in deficient nitric oxide production

HIV transgenic mice bearing multiple copies of a noninfectious (Deltagag/pol) proviral DNA were tested for the systemic production of nitric oxide (NO). Serum levels of NO metabolites were reduced about 50% in HIV transgenic mice compared with nontransgenic sibling mice. This difference persisted when NO production was induced with peritoneal injections of bacterial endotoxin (LPS). Peritoneal inflammatory macrophages, but not resident peritoneal macrophages, derived from HIV-1 transgenic mice and activated in vitro with LPS and IFN-gamma (or tumor necrosis factor alpha and IFN-gamma) also produced about 50% less NO than did macrophages harvested from nontransgenic littermates. Isogenic, transgenic mice bearing mutated nef or vpr genes had normal serum levels of NO metabolites and their macrophages produced normal levels of NO when stimulated. An explanation for the reduced NO response of HIV[Vpr+Nef+] macrophages was not apparent from measured levels of iNOS expression, viral gene expression, or arginase activity in activated macrophages. Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms with L-NAME or aminoguanidine blocked time-dependent increases in HIV gene expression in activated macrophages cultured ex vivo. Inhibition with L-NAME occurred despite high levels of NO generated by iNOS, and exogenously supplied NO induced HIV gene expression only weakly, suggesting that cNOS had the greater influence on proviral gene induction. This system is presented as a model of HIV-1 proviral gene expression and dysfunction in macrophages.     

转移程度不同的小鼠肝癌细胞株对腹腔巨噬细胞免疫功能的影响

目的 研究转移程度不同的小鼠肝癌细胞株对腹腔巨噬细胞功能的影响.方法 在两株转移程度不同的小鼠腹水型肝癌模型中,取荷瘤小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞,检测其在干扰素γ(IFN-γ)和脂多糖(LPS)刺激下产生一氧化碳(NO)和肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)的水平,并检测其活化后的杀伤能力.进一步采用夹心酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)方法,研究不同荷瘤小鼠腹水中IFN-γ与转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)的水平,并用相应抗体封闭TGF-β1后,检测活化巨噬细胞产生NO能力及杀伤活性.结果 经IFN-γ和LPS活化后,荷瘤小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞分泌NO和TNF-α能力明显低于正常巨噬细胞,杀伤能力下降.高转移性肝癌小鼠巨噬细胞分泌NO水平和杀伤能力均低于低转移性小鼠,但其分泌TNF-α量较高.此外,荷瘤小鼠腹水含较高水平IFN-γ与TGF-β1,不同转移程度荷瘤小鼠IFN-γ水平接近,但高转移性肝癌小鼠腹水含更多TGF-β1,而且TGF-β1的封闭可导致与肿瘤细胞共培养的巨噬细胞分泌NO的能力部分恢复.结论 肿瘤细胞可以通过分泌TGF-β1等抑制性因子下调巨噬细胞的活性和免疫功能.肿瘤的转移程度可能与其分泌免疫抑制因子的能力相关.     

The antineoplastic effect of Naja Naja atra venom on S180 bearing mice and its mechanism

The antineoplastic effect of Naja Naja atra venom on S180 bearing mice and its mechanism     

Release of nitric oxide during experimental trichinellosis in mice

Nitric oxide (NO) is one of the secretory products of macrophages. Abundant evidence indicates that NO contributes to the host defence functions of these cells. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that the induced form of NO synthase (iNOS) may participate in the defence of the host against Trichinella. To investigate whether NO was produced during trichinellosis, we examined NO serum levels as an indicator of NO production by iNOS in mice infected with T. spiralis. A statistically significant increase in the NO serum levels relative to the control group (uninfected animals) was observed during weeks 2-8 post-infection. This increase suggest that iNOS is induced during experimental trichinellosis in mice. In the next stage of our study, we compared the NO synthesis by peritoneal macrophages isolated from infected mice with those from uninfected control. A statistically significant increase in the NO release from macrophages obtained from infected mice was noticed on days 7, 21, 29, 43 and 63 post-infection. These results suggest that infection with T. spiralis induces NO production by macrophages.     

胞壁表达Der p2的重组BCG对BALB/c小鼠Th细胞免疫应答的影响

目的：观察接种以膜蛋白形式表达屋尘螨抗原Der p2基因的重组BCG(rBCG)，对BALB／c小鼠Th细胞免疫应答的影响。方法：以生理盐水为对照，分别将rBCG和BCG经腹腔注射接种于6～8wk龄和新生BALB／c小鼠，用ELISA法测定小鼠血清、脾脏T细胞培养上清(STLCS)中IL-4、IFN-γ水平，用双色荧光标记-流式细胞仪法测定脾脏细胞Th细胞亚群。结果：接种rBCG和BCG后，成年和新生小鼠血清和STLCS中IL-4水平较对照组显著降低、IFN-γ水平显著升高；无论成年鼠还是新生鼠，在CD4^ 的脾脏细胞中，IFN-γ^ 细胞的比例明显升高，而IL-4^ 细胞比例明显降低；此外，在两个年龄组小鼠，接种rBCG者脾细胞均产生了较BCG组更高水平的IFN-γ；同时，用rBCG免疫的两组小鼠脾脏CD4^ IFN-γ^ 的细胞比例也明显高于BCG免疫各组。结论：无论rBCG还是BCG通过腹腔注射免疫，均可诱导不同年龄BALB／c小鼠产生Th1免疫应答；表达在rBCG细胞壁上的Der p2被当成BCG的成分，为机体免疫系统所识别，抗原再次接触进一步刺激了Der p2特异性的Th1应答。这些结果表明，胞壁型抗原重组BCG可作为有效的疫苗，特异性地调节Th1／Th2平衡。     

Resistance to Leishmania major infection correlates with the induction of nitric oxide synthase in murine macrophages.

Inbred strains of mice differ considerably in their innate resistance to leishmanial infection. BALB/c mice are highly susceptible to cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania major, whereas CBA mice are resistant. We now show that this resistance correlates with the ability of macrophages to synthesize nitric oxide (NO) following activation with interferon-gamma or tumor necrosis factor alpha. Furthermore, the larger amounts of NO generated by resistant macrophages are related to higher levels of NO synthase activity, a difference which is not attributable to the number or the affinity of the receptors for interferon-gamma on these cells. The level of NO synthesis by activated macrophages was also correlated to the resistance in a number of other inbred mouse strains tested; macrophages from the resistant B10.S, C57BL and C3H mice produced significantly higher levels of NO than the macrophages from the susceptible BALB.b and DBA/2 mice.     

Anti-MHV3 state induced by IFN gamma in macrophages is not related to arginine metabolism

Summary.  In contrast to BALB/c mouse macrophages, the A/J macrophages after activation by interferon gamma (IFN gamma) develop an anti-MHV3 effect which correlates with the resistance to virus infection. To understand the cellular basis of this antiviral effect, we studied the possible involvement of arginine metabolism through nitric oxide (NO) and arginase induction, since these metabolic pathways have been described as implicated in antiviral activities of macrophages. The studies were performed by activating macrophages with inducers of NO (IFN gamma) and arginase (IL4 IL10). NO synthase (iNOS) and arginase inhibitors (N-methyl-arginine, NMA, and hydroxyarginine, OH-ARG) were used. The results show that in both macrophage populations, no spontaneous synthesis of NO occurred and the MHV3 enhanced the NO release induced by IFN gamma. After activation with IFN gamma, BALB/c macrophages released higher amounts of NO than the A/J macrophages. The inhibition of IFN gamma-induced NO-synthesis with NMA or with arginine free medium did not affect the virus replication. In BALB/c macrophages, IL4 or IL10, induced higher amounts of arginase than in A/J macrophages. In both macrophage populations the MHV3 infection had no influence on the arginase synthesized, and the inhibition of the arginase with OH-ARG had no influence on the virus growth. The level of MHV3 replication or inhibition was also not influenced when we used macrophages from knockout mice for the iNOS gene, and as a consequence were unable of synthesizing NO. These data indicate that NO and arginase do not participate in the anti-MHV3 state induced by IFN gamma in macrophages. Received March 4, 1997 Accepted May 14, 1997     

Tumoricidal activity of alveolar and peritoneal macrophages of C57BL/6 mice bearing metastatic or nonmetastatic variants of Lewis lung carcinoma

The spontaneous tumoricidal abilities of alveolar and peritoneal macrophages from C57B1/6 mice bearing a metastatic or a nonmetastatic cloned variant of Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) were measured. Cytotoxicity by alveolar macrophages was enhanced during the first few weeks after subcutaneous (s.c.) or intravenous (i.v.) injection of metastatic LLC-C3 cells, but not after injection of nonmetastatic LLC-C8 cells. Alveolar macrophages from mice with s.c.-injected metastatic tumors, but not with nonmetastatic tumors, could be further activated in vitro, but not beyond the maximal level of spontaneous cytotoxicity. Late in tumor growth, the spontaneous cytotoxicity by alveolar macrophages of metastatic LLC-C3 tumor bearers was suppressed and could not be increased by in vitro activation. The tumoricidal abilities of peritoneal macrophages from mice bearing either LLC-C3 or LLC-C8 tumors were modulated in a similar way, as were alveolar macrophages. The reduced cytotoxicity by alveolar macrophages from mice with nonmetastatic tumors or from mice bearing large metastatic tumors was not due to suppression by macrophage-derived prostaglandins. The loss of tumoricidal capabilities by macrophages from mice with large metastatic LLC-C3 tumors was not caused by elevated systemic prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels. These results suggest that alveolar and peritoneal macrophages are activated to be cytotoxic during development of pulmonary metastases and do not need to be functionally depressed for successful establishment of metastases.     

猪苓及猪苓多糖对膀胱癌模型大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬和表面免疫相关分子表达的影响

目的:观察猪苓及猪苓多糖(PPS)对BBN加糖精诱导的膀胱癌大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬功能、体外NO释放及共刺激分子和表面分子表达的影响。方法:实验分为空白对照组、模型组、PPS组和猪苓高中低剂量共6组。用流式细胞术检测膀胱癌大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的荧光微球吞噬率、TLR4/CD14、CD86、CD40的表达。Griess试剂盒检测并分析猪苓及PPS对腹腔巨噬细胞体外NO释放的影响。结果:PPS组与模型组比较,PPS显著促进巨噬细胞吞噬率的增加、NO释放的比值均降低、巨噬细胞表面分子TLR4/CD14、CD86、CD40的表达均显著升高(P<0.05)。不同浓度猪苓组与模型组比较巨噬细胞吞噬率增加、NO释放的比值均降低(P<0.05),巨噬细胞表面分子CD86表达增加。低浓度猪苓组巨噬细胞CD40表达百分率显著升高(P<0.05);但TLR4/CD14的表达无明显变化;中、高剂量猪苓组TLR4/CD14的表达百分率与模型组比较则降低(P<0.05),CD40的表达无统计学差异。结论:PPS可显著促进膀胱癌大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬功能和表面免疫相关分子的表达,但猪苓组对巨噬细胞功能的影响因剂量不同而表现出不同结果,可能与猪苓诸多成分同时作用或各成分作用的靶点不同有关。