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1.
Oono S Matsubara E Harada KH Takagi S Hamada S Asakawa A Inoue K Watanabe I Koizumi A 《Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology》2008,80(2):102-106
Perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) are environmental contaminants posing special public health concerns because of their long-term
persistence and bioaccumulation in the environment. Fluorotelomer alcohols are volatile and may undergo long-range transport.
Air samples were collected at five sites in the Keihan area, Japan: Sakyo, Morinomiya and three sites in Higashiyodogawa.
Except for Higashiyodogawa, the highest concentrations of fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs) were for 8:2 FTOH (median 447 pg
m−3) followed by 10:2 FTOH (56 pg m−3) and 6:2 FTOH (22 pg m−3). In contrast, 8:2 FTOAcryl (median 865 pg m−3) and 8:2 FTOH (1,864 pg m−3) were both major components in Higashiyodogawa. Compared to data published for North America and Europe, 8:2 FTOH levels
are significantly higher in Keihan, suggesting a possible point source.
Sayoko Ohno and Eriko Matsubara contributed equally to this study. 相似文献
2.
Occurrence of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Fish and Water from the Svitava and Svratka Rivers,Czech Republic 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Kovarova J Marsalek P Blahova J Jurcikova J Kasikova B Svobodova Z 《Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology》2012,88(3):456-460
Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFHxS, FHUEA, PFOA, PFOS, FOSA, N-methyl FOSA and PFNA) from seven sites on the Svitava and Svratka rivers in the Brno conurbation (Czech Republic) were determined
in fish blood plasma and water. Concentrations of PFHxS, FHUEA, FOSA, and N-methyl FOSA were below detection limits. Major compound in fish blood was PFOS (38.9–57.8 ng mL−1), followed by PFNA and PFOA. In water, the major compound detected was PFOA (1.7–178.0 ng mL−1), followed by PFOS and PFNA. A significant (p < 0.05) correlation for PFOA concentration in blood plasma and water was found (r = 0.74). 相似文献
3.
Stahl T Falk S Failing K Berger J Georgii S Brunn H 《Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology》2012,62(4):696-703
Approximately 15,000 tons of wild boar meats (Sus scrofa) are consumed per year in Germany. Boar meat therefore plays a definite role in regard to human diet. Because they are omnivores
and because of their high body fat quotient, wild boar may accumulate large concentrations of persistent organic compounds,
such as halogenated hydrocarbons, and could thus possibly serve as bioindicators for persistent xenobiotics. In addition,
consumption of wild boar meat and liver could lead to increased contaminant levels in humans. Between 2007 and 2009, we tested
a total of 529 livers and 506 muscle tissue samples from wild boar for the presence of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane
sulfonate (PFOS). PFOA concentrations ≤45 μg/kg and PFOS concentrations ≤1,780 μg/kg were detected in the liver samples. PFOA
concentrations ≤7.4 μg/kg and PFOS concentrations ≤28.6 μg/kg were detected in muscle tissue. Our results show that PFOS may
be detected in considerably greater concentrations than PFOA in organs and tissues, which is in agreement with results from
other published studies. The comparisons between both organs for the same substance, as well as the comparisons between the
substances within an organ, showed clear and statistically significant differences at P < 0.0001. Assuming a tolerable daily intake value of PFOA (1.5 μg/kg bw/d) and PFOS (0.15 μg/kg bw/d) as recommended by the
European Food Safety Authority, the results of model calculations based on the maximum concentrations of PFOA and PFOS found
in wild boar indicate that there should be no PFC-related health danger resulting from moderate consumption of wild boar meat
or liver. 相似文献
4.
Perfluorooctanoic Acid and Perfluorooctane Sulfonate in Two Fish Species Collected from the Roter Main River,Bayreuth, Germany 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Anna M. Becker Silke Gerstmann Hartmut Frank 《Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology》2010,84(1):132-135
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) are widely distributed in the environment. In this study
the accumulation potential of PFOA and PFOS in two fish species with different feeding strategies, i.e. chub (Leuciscus cephalus) and river goby (Gobio gobio) inhabiting a river receiving treated waste waters from a municipal waste water treatment plant, were estimated. PFOS was
detected in chub (7–250 μg kg−1 wet weight) and river goby (70–400 μg kg−1 wet weight) with bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) of 4600 (liver) and 11,000 (organs). PFOA concentrations in both fish were
low and in chub mostly below detection limit. 相似文献
5.
Tsuda T Inoue A Igawa T Tanaka K 《Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology》2010,85(6):593-597
A survey on seasonal concentration changes of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was performed
for surface water in Lake Biwa (14 sites) from February to November in 2009. The concentrations of PFOS and PFOA were 0.8–1.6
and 7.0–10 ng/L in northern basin of Lake Biwa (eight sites), 0.9–1.7 and 8.3–13 ng/L in southern basin of Lake Biwa except
Akanoi Bay (four sites), 1.4–2.8 and 9.1–17 ng/L in Akanoi Bay (8C) and 2.4–5.3 and 12–26 ng/L in Akanoi Bay (168), respectively.
Seasonal changes were recognized for both of PFOS and PFOA in the two sites of Akanoi Bay but not in the other sites of the
southern and northern basins of Lake Biwa. Monthly detailed surveys in the surface water were performed on the changes of
PFOS and PFOA concentrations from June in 2009 to May in 2010 and further on the changes of conductivity values. The changes
of PFOS and PFOA concentrations were well consistent with those of conductivity values. 相似文献
6.
Perfluorinated Compounds in River Water, River Sediment, Market Fish, and Wildlife Samples from Japan 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Senthilkumar K Ohi E Sajwan K Takasuga T Kannan K 《Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology》2007,79(4):427-431
Perfluorinated organic compounds (PFCs) such as PFOS, PFOA, PFBS, PFH×S, PFOSA and PFDoA were determined in river water, river
sediment, liver of market fish and liver of wildlife samples from Japan. Concentrations of PFOA and PFOS in water samples
were 7.9–110 and <5.2–10 ng/L. Only PFOA were detected in sediment from Kyoto river at 1.3–3.9 ng/g dry wt. Among fish, only
jack mackerel showed PFOA and PFOS at 10 and 1.6 ng/g wet wt. Wildlife liver contained PFOSA, PFOS, PFDoA, PFOA and PFH×S
in the range of 0.31–362, 0.15–238, <0.03–28, >0.07–7.3 and <0.03–1.5, respectively, on ng/g wet wt. Cormorants showed maximum
accumulation followed by eagle, raccoon dog and large-billed crow. 相似文献
7.
Hiroya Harino Nozomu Iwasaki Takaomi Arai Madoka Ohji Nobuyuki Miyazaki 《Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology》2009,57(4):661-669
Contamination profiles of antifouling biocides were investigated in a deep-sea environment in Suruga Bay Japan. Significant
differences in the tributyltin (TBT) and triphenyltin (TPT) concentrations in subsurface sediment between 850 and 800 m of
water depth were not observed (p < 0.05). Organotin (OT) concentrations in sediment core of 0–30.5 cm from a water depth of 800 m were investigated. The butyltins
(BTs) and phenyltins (PTs) concentrations were constant between 0 and 15 cm, and, subsequently, the concentration of these
compounds increased. The peaks of the BTs and PTs concentrations were observed between 18 and 19 cm. The concentrations of
Irgarol 1051 decreased until a core depth of 9 cm, and, the values then became near the detection limit under the 10 cm of
core depth. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanic acid (PFOA) were detected in the sediment core (0–30.5 cm)
of Suruga Bay. The concentration of PFOS was high in the 0–5-cm core depth and then decreased. The concentrations of PFOA,
however, were at the values near the detection limit throughout the sediment core. The BTs and PTs concentrations in surface
sediment from Tosa Bay decreased with water depth. Although Irgarol 1051 was the only alternative compound detected, the value
was near the detection limit. PFOS and PFOA were detected in sediment core from Tosa Bay. The concentrations of PFOS became
low as the water depth became deeper. TBT, TPT, Sea Nine 211, Diuron and Irgarol 1051 were detected in sediment core (core
depth: 10 cm) from the Nankai trough (water depth: 4010 m). 相似文献
8.
Transplacental exposure of neonates to perfluorooctanesulfonate and perfluorooctanoate: a pilot study 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Midasch O Drexler H Hart N Beckmann MW Angerer J 《International archives of occupational and environmental health》2007,80(7):643-648
Objectives Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) can be released of perfluorinated compounds by biotic and/or
metabolic decomposition. Due to their ubiquitous occurrence, persistence and bioaccumulative properties they can be found
in blood of the general population all over the world. In animal studies PFOS and PFOA provoked cancer and showed developmental
toxic potential besides other adverse health effects. On the basis of the comparison of maternal and umbilical cord plasma
sample pairs we wanted to examine whether infants are exposed to PFOS and PFOA via their mothers’ blood.
Methods We determined PFOS and PFOA in 11 plasma samples of mothers and the 11 corresponding cord plasma samples of neonates. An analytical
method based on plasma protein precipitation followed by HPLC with MS/MS-detection was employed. As internal standards we
used 1,2,3,4-13C4-PFOS and 1,2-13C2-PFOA.
Results We found PFOS and PFOA in every plasma sample analysed. In maternal plasma samples PFOS concentrations were consistently higher
compared to those of the related cord plasma samples (median: 13.0 μg/l vs. 7.3 μg/l). In the case of PFOA we observed only
minor differences between PFOA concentrations within the analysed sample pairs (median: 2.6 μg/l vs. 3.4 μg/l for maternal
and cord plasma samples, respectively).
Discussion For both substances a crossing of the placental barrier could be shown. For PFOS we observed a decrease from maternal to cord
plasma concentrations by a factor of 0.41–0.80. To the contrary, PFOA crosses the placental barrier obviously unhindered.
These findings show that neonates are exposed to PFOS and PFOA via their mothers’ blood. Given the current situation that
only little is known about the consequences of PFOS and PFOA exposure in the early state of development of humans and the
fact that in animal studies both substances showed developmental toxic effects further research regarding human health effects
is indispensable. 相似文献
9.
Lin Cui Chun-yang Liao Qun-fang Zhou Tong-mei Xia Zhao-jun Yun Gui-bin Jiang 《Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology》2010,58(1):205-213
Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), a class of synthetic surfactants that are widely used, have become global environmental contaminants
because of their high persistence and bioaccumulation. An increasing number of studies have described the pharmacokinetics
of PFCs following in vivo exposure, however, few papers have focused on the excretion of these compounds during a period of
consecutive exposure. In this study, the excretions of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS)
in male Sprague–Dawley rats gavaged consecutively for 28 days were investigated and compared. The faster elimination rate
in urine compared to feces indicated that urinary excretion is the primary clearance route in rats for either PFOA or PFOS.
During the first 24 h after administration of PFOA (5 and 20 mg/kg body weight/day), about 24.7–29.6% of the oral dose was
excreted through urine and feces, while for PFOS, the excretion amounts were only 2.6–2.8% of the total gavaged doses (5 and
20 mg/kg body weight/day). The excretion rates of both PFCs increased with increasing exposure doses. The higher elimination
rate of PFOA through excretion indicated its lower accumulation in rats, thus inducing possible lower toxicities compared
to PFOS. 相似文献
10.
Studies on the Toxicological Effects of PFOA and PFOS on Rats Using Histological Observation and Chemical Analysis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Cui L Zhou QF Liao CY Fu JJ Jiang GB 《Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology》2009,56(2):338-349
As an emerging class of environmentally persistent and bioaccumulative contaminants, perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), especially
perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), have been ubiquitously found in the environment. Increasing
evidence shows that the accumulated levels of PFCs in animals and the human body might cause potential impairment to their
health. In the present study, toxicological effects of PFOA and PFOS on male Sprague–Dawley rats were examined after 28 days
of subchronic exposure. Abnormal behavior and sharp weight loss were observed in the high-dose PFOS group. Marked hepatomegaly,
renal hypertrophy, and orchioncus in treated groups were in accordance with the viscera–somatic indexes of the liver, kidney,
and gonad. Histopathological observation showed that relatively serious damage occurred in the liver and lung, mainly including
hepatocytic hypertrophy and cytoplasmic vacuolation in the livers and congestion and thickened epithelial walls in the lungs.
PFOA concentrations in main target organs were in the order of kidney > liver > lung > (heart, whole blood) > testicle > (spleen,
brain), whereas the bioaccumulation order for PFOS was liver > heart > kidney > (whole blood) > lung > (testicle, spleen,
brain). The highest concentration of PFOA detected in the kidney exposed to 5 mg/kg/day was 228 ± 37 μg/g and PFOS in the
liver exposed to 20 mg/kg/day reached the highest level of 648 ± 17 μg/g, indicating that the liver, lung, and kidney might
serve as the main target organs for PFCs. Furthermore, a dose-dependent accumulation of PFOS in various tissues was found.
The accumulation levels of PFOS were universally higher than PFOA, which might explain the relative high toxicity of PFOS.
The definite toxicity and high accumulation of the tested PFCs might pose a great threat to biota and human beings due to
their widespread application in various fields. 相似文献
11.
Leo W. Y. Yeung Eva I. H. Loi Vicky Y. Y. Wong Keerthi S. Guruge Noriko Yamanaka Nobuhiko Tanimura Jun Hasegawa Nobuyoshi Yamashita Shigeru Miyazaki Paul K. S. Lam 《Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology》2009,57(2):377-386
One-day-old male chickens were exposed via oral gavage to mixtures of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoate
(PFOA), and perfluorodecanoate (PFDA) at either a low dose (0.1 mg/kg body weight [b.w.]) or a high dose (1.0 mg/kg b.w.),
or a saline/ethanol vehicle control, three times a week for 3 weeks. After 3 weeks of exposure, half of the chicks were sacrificed
and the other half were allowed to depurate for a further 3 weeks. No dose-dependent statistically significant differences
in body/organ weights were observed among treatment and control groups after 3 weeks of exposure or after three 3 of depuration.
Neither 15 histological nor 14 measured plasma biochemical parameters were significantly different in chicks from the exposed
groups and vehicle controls. PFOS, PFDA, and PFOA concentrations in blood/liver/kidney samples were measured throughout the
exposure and depuration periods at different time intervals. PFOS and PFDA accumulated at much higher concentrations than
PFOA during the experimental periods. Interestingly, PFOS and PFDA accumulation patterns in the blood were similar during
the exposure and depuration periods. The half-lives for each PFC at the 0.1 and 1.0 mg/kg doses were, respectively, approximately
15 and 17 days for PFOS, 11 and 16 days for PFDA, and 3.9 and 3.9 days for PFOA. PFDA accumulation in organs was greater than
or similar to that of PFOS: the liver was the main target during exposure and the blood was the main reservoir during depuration.
These results indicate that exposure to a 1.0-mg mixture of PFOS/PFDA/PFOA/kg b.w. has no adverse effect on juvenile chickens. 相似文献
12.
Ingrid?Ericson José?L.?Domingo Martí?Nadal Esther?Bigas Xavier?Llebaria Bert?van?Bavel Gunilla?Lindstr?m 《Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology》2009,57(4):631-638
In this study, the concentrations of 13 perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) (PFBuS, PFHxS, PFOS, THPFOS, PFHxA, PFHpA, PFOA, PFNA,
PFDA, PFUnDA, PFDoDA, PFTDA, and PFOSA) were analyzed in municipal drinking water samples collected at 40 different locations
from 5 different zones of Catalonia, Spain. Detection limits ranged between 0.02 (PFHxS) and 0.85 ng/L (PFOA). The most frequent
compounds were PFOS and PFHxS, which were detected in 35 and 31 samples, with maximum concentrations of 58.1 and 5.30 ng/L,
respectively. PFBuS, PFHxA, and PFOA were also frequently detected (29, 27, and 26 samples, respectively), with maximum levels
of 69.4, 8.55, and 57.4 ng/L. In contrast, PFDoDA and PFTDA could not be detected in any sample. The most contaminated water
samples were found in the Barcelona Province, whereas none of the analyzed PFCs could be detected in two samples (Banyoles
and Lleida), and only one PFC could be detected in four of the samples. Assuming a human water consumption of 2 L/day, the
maximum daily intake of PFOS and PFOA from municipal drinking water would be, for a subject of 70 kg of body weight, 1.7 and
1.6 ng/kg/day. This is clearly lower than the respective Tolerable Daily Intake set by the European Food Safety Authority.
In all samples, PFOS and PFOA also showed lower levels than the short-term provisional health advisory limit for drinking
water (200 ng PFOS/L and 400 ng PFOA/L) set by the US Environmental Protection Agency. Although PFOS and PFOA concentrations
found in drinking water in Catalonia are not expected to pose human health risks, safety limits for exposure to the remaining
PFCs are clearly necessary, as health-based drinking water concentration protective for lifetime exposure is set to 40 ng/L
for PFOA. 相似文献
13.
《International journal of hygiene and environmental health》2015,218(7):645-655
BackgroundPerfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) are widely distributed in the environment and humans are globally exposed with them. Contaminated drinking water can considerably contribute to the inner exposure levels.ObjectivesWe report the results of a human biomonitoring study with mother–child pairs living in two German cities, one city with PFAA contaminated drinking water in the sub μg/l-range (Bochum) and the other one without contamination (Duisburg). Furthermore, we studied time trends of exposure levels within the Duisburg cohort study.MethodsWe measured seven PFAAs (PFOS, PFOA, PFHxS, PFNA, PFBS, PFDeA, PFDoA) in blood samples by high performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. Samples were taken during pregnancy, from umbilical cord blood (2000–2002), 6–7 years (5th follow-up) and 8–10 years after birth (7th follow-up). The consumption of drinking water was recorded by a standardized questionnaire. Statistical analyses were calculated with multiple linear regression models.ResultsChildren and mothers from Bochum showed higher PFOS and PFOA plasma concentrations than from Duisburg. The median concentrations (μg/l) for children were: PFOS 4.7 vs. 3.3; PFOA 6.0 vs. 3.6 μg/l (p ≤ 0.05). Consumption of >0.7 l (children) and >0.9 l (mothers) drinking water/day was associated with 13–18% higher PFOS, PFOA and PFHxS concentrations in children (p ≤ 0.01), and 22% higher PFOA in mothers (p ≤ 0.05). Within the Duisburg cohort, PFAA levels in children peaked in the 5th follow-up study (medians (μg/l): cord plasma: 2.7 (PFOS); 1.9 (PFOA); 5th follow-up: 3.6 (PFOS); 4.6 (PFOA); 7th follow-up: 3.3 (PFOS); 3.6 (PFOA)). PFOS concentrations in mothers declined from pregnancy to the 5th follow-up (medians: 8.7 vs. 4.0 μg/l).ConclusionResidents exposed to PFOS and PFOA through drinking water showed significantly higher PFOS and PFOA concentrations in blood plasma. Although PFAA concentrations in the children slightly decreased from the 5th to the 7th follow-up, we detected increasing exposure trends with increasing age in the 7th follow-up. 相似文献
14.
Occurrence of Perfluoroalkyl Surfactants in Water, Fish, and Birds from New York State 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Sinclair E Mayack DT Roblee K Yamashita N Kannan K 《Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology》2006,50(3):398-410
Concentrations of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and several other perfluoroalkyl surfactants (PASs) were determined in nine
major water bodies (n = 51) of New York State (NYS). These PASs were also measured in the livers of two species of sport fish (n = 66) from 20 inland lakes in NYS. Finally, perfluorinated compounds were measured in the livers of 10 species of waterfowl
(n = 87) from the Niagara River region in NYS. PFOS, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and perfluorohexanesulfonate (PFHS) were
ubiquitous in NYS waters. PFOA was typically found at higher concentrations than were PFOS and PFHS. Elevated concentrations
of PFOS were found in surface waters of Lake Onondaga, and elevated concentrations of PFOA were found in the Hudson River.
PFOS was the most abundant perfluorinated compound in all fish and bird samples. PFOS concentrations in the livers of fishes
ranged from 9 to 315 ng/g wet weight. PFOS, PFOA, and PFOSA (perfluorooctanesulfonamide) concentrations in smallmouth and
largemouth bass (taken together) caught in remote mountain lakes with no known point sources of PAS contamination were 14
to 207, < 1.5 to 6.1, and < 1.5 to 9.8 ng/g wet weight, respectively. PFOS concentrations in the livers of birds ranged from
11 to 882 ng/g wet weight. PFOS concentrations were 2.5-fold greater (p = 0.001) in piscivorous birds than in non-piscivorous birds. However, PFOA, PFOSA, and PFHS were not found in bird livers.
Overall, average concentrations of PFOS in fish were 8850-fold greater than those in surface water. An average biomagnification
factor of 8.9 was estimated for PFOS in common merganser relative to that in fish. This study highlights the significance
of dietary fish in PFOS accumulation in the food chain. Furthermore, our results provide information on the distribution of
PASs in natural waters, fish, and several bird species in NYS. 相似文献
15.
Carryover of Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) and Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) from Soil to Plants 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
T. Stahl J. Heyn H. Thiele J. Hüther K. Failing S. Georgii H. Brunn 《Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology》2009,57(2):289-298
Within the scope of a joint project to study soil-to-plant carryover of polyfluorinated compounds (PFCs), five cultivated
plants (spring wheat, oats, potatoes, maize, and perennial ryegrass) were sown or planted in Mitscherlich pots. Six variants
per species were used, each with a different concentration level of PFOA and PFOS (from 0.25 to 50 mg/kg as aqueous solution)
to detect possible concentration dependence in the transfer of these two PFCs from soil to plant. PFOA and PFOS were detected
by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry after appropriate sample preparation (partial drying, mincing, homogenizing,
extraction). Since PFOA and PFOS presently represent the most widely studied PFCs, they are classified as “leading compounds.”
The results show that concentrations of PFOA/PFOS in the plants vary greatly, depending on the concentrations applied to the
soil. PFOA values were higher than PFOS values in all plants except potatoes, in which these differences could be quite substantial.
From the results presented here it can be seen that uptake and storage are much more intensive in the vegetative portion of
the plant than relocation in the storage organs. This is particularly evident from the the comparison of concentrations found
in the grain and ear and those in the straw or rest of the plant in spring wheat, oats, and maize. Transfer from “soil to
crops” provides a possible explanation for the presence of PFCs in foodstuffs and in human body fluids such as blood, plasma,
serum, or breast milk. The aim of the present study was to determine whether a statistically significant, concentration-dependent
carryover of PFOA and PFOS in crop plants can take place, which would provide a potential entrance point for these substances
into the food chain.
相似文献
T. StahlEmail: |
16.
Genotoxic effects of N-nitrosoketamine and ketamine as assessed by in vitro micronucleus test in Chinese hamster lung fibroblast cell line 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Toyama Y Shimizu H Suzuki Y Miyakoshi Y Yoshioka H 《Environmental health and preventive medicine》2006,11(3):120-127
Objectives Ketamine hydrochloride (KT) is a secondary amine that has been safely used as an injectable anesthetic and analgesic to avoid
the production of nitroso compounds in the stomach. However, ketamine in the tablet form has recently become an abused, recreational
drug. The aim of this study was to investigate the genotoxic effects of N-nitrosoketamine (NKT) and KT on the basis of an in vitro micronucleus (MN) test using a Chinese hamster lung fibroblast cell
line (CHL/IU).
Methods NKT was synthesized from KT in our laboratory. In the MN tests, CHL/IU cells were continuously treated with either NKT or
KT for 24, 48, or 72 hours without the S9 mix. The cells were also treated with NKT or KT with or without the S9 mix for 6
hours, followed by a recovery period of 18, 42, or 66 hours (short-term treatment). The results were considered to be statistically
significant when the p-values of both Fisher’s exact test and the trend test were less than 0.05.
Results After the short-term treatment with either NKT or KT with and without the S9 mix, the frequency of micronuclei significantly
increased. However, the frequency of micronuclei did not significantly increase after the continuous treatment with either
NKT or KT. Both NKT and KT were determined to be genotoxic in the short-term treatment with or without the S9 mix, but they
were determined to be nongenotoxic in continuous treatment.
Conclusion Our findings suggest that NKT has a stronger genotoxic effect than KT. 相似文献
17.
Occurrence of perfluorinated substances in an adult German population in southern Bavaria 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Fromme H Midasch O Twardella D Angerer J Boehmer S Liebl B 《International archives of occupational and environmental health》2007,80(4):313-319
Objectives Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) are a large group of chemicals produced for several decades and widely used for many industrial
and consumer applications. Because of their global occurrence in different environmental media, their persistence, and their
potential to bioaccumulate in organisms they are of toxicological and public concern.
Methods In the present study, the internal exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in 356 human
plasma samples collected from an adult population in Germany in 2005 is quantified.
Results We were able to detect the target analytes in all plasma samples and observed a significant correlation between the PFOS and
PFOA concentrations. In female participants, the levels of PFOS and PFOA ranged between 2.5–30.7 (median: 10.9 μg/l) and 1.5–16.2 μg/l
(median: 4.8 μg/l), respectively. In males we observed concentrations from 2.1 to 55.0 μg/l (median: 13.7 μg/l) for PFOS and
from 0.5 to 19.1 μg/l (median: 5.7 μg/l) for PFOA. A significant correlation between both PFOS and PFOA concentrations and
gender was observed. We also found increased levels of the PFCs with increasing age of the participants, but this association
reached statistical significance among females only.
Conclusions Our data agree well with results of other recent studies in Europe and suggest that the current exposure of the adult German
population is lower than the exposure of the US and Canadian population. The sources of human exposure are currently not well
understood. Toxicological implications are restricted to animal studies and occupational investigations not adequate for quantitative
risk assessment in humans. Overall, more scientific research is necessary to characterize the body burden of PFCs (especially
for relevant subsets of the population) and the main sources and routes, which are responsible for human exposure and possible
health implications of these compounds. 相似文献
18.
Wang IJ Hsieh WS Chen CY Fletcher T Lien GW Chiang HL Chiang CF Wu TN Chen PC 《Environmental research》2011,(6):785-791
Background
The role of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in the immune system and allergic diseases is not well-known. This study examined the effects of pre-natal exposure to PFCs on immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels and atopic dermatitis (AD).Methods
In Taiwan Birth Panel cohort study, newborns with cord blood and peri-natal factors (i.e. birth body weight, weeks of gestation, and type of delivery) gathered at birth were evaluated. At the age of 2 years, information on the development of AD, environmental exposures, and serum total IgE were collected. The AD and non-AD children were compared for the concentration of cord blood serum PFCs measured by Ultra-performance liquid chromatography/triple–quadrupole mass (UPLC-MS/MS). Correlations among cord blood IgE, serum total IgE at 2 years of age, and cord blood PFC levels were made.Results
Of 244 children who completed the follow-up and specimen collections, 43 (17.6%) developed AD. Concentrations of cord blood serum perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), and perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS) were median (range) 1.71 (0.75–17.40), 5.50 (0.11–48.36), 2.30 (0.38–63.87), and 0.035 (0.035–0.420) ng/mL, respectively. PFOA and PFOS levels positively correlated with cord blood IgE levels (per ln-unit: β=0.134 KU/l, p=0.047 for PFOA; β=0.161 KU/l, p=0.017 for PFOS). Analyses stratified by gender revealed that PFOA and PFOS levels positively correlated with cord blood IgE levels only in boys (per ln-unit: β=0.206 KU/l, p=0.025 for PFOA; β=0.175 KU/l, p=0.053 for PFOS). When dividing cord blood serum PFCs into quartiles in the fully adjusted models, AD had no significant association with PFOS.Conclusions
Pre-natal PFOA and PFOS exposures positively correlated with cord blood IgE levels. 相似文献19.
PFOS and PFOA are potential persistent organic pollutants that have raised many concerns in recent years. Research focusing on phytotoxicity of PFOS and PFOA to higher plants is necessary for their risk assessments. However, few toxicity data exist for PFOS or PFOA and higher plants. Here we investigated phytotoxicity of PFOS and PFOA to Brassica chinensis root growth in six different Chinese soils varying widely in soil properties using a standardized root length assay. The effective concentrations of added PFOS and PFOA causing 50% inhibition (EC50) ranged from 95 to >200 mg kg−1 for PFOS and from 107 to 246 mg kg−1 for PFOA, respectively, representing more than 2.1- and 2.3-fold variation among the tested soils. Regressions of soil PFOS and PFOA toxicity threshold values (ECx and NOECs) with various soil properties showed that the amount of organic matter was the most significant factor affecting their toxicity to B. chinensis. 相似文献
20.
Long Xin-Xian Zhang Yu-Gang Jun Dai Zhou Qixing 《Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology》2009,82(4):460-467
A field survey was conducted to study the characteristics of zinc, cadmium, and lead accumulation and rhizosphere microbial
population associated with hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii Hance growing natively on an old lead/zinc mining site. We found significant hyperaccumulation of zinc and cadmium in field
samples of S. alfredii, with maximal shoot concentrations of 9.10–19.61 g kg−1 zinc and 0.12–1.23 g kg−1 cadmium, shoot/root ratios ranging from 1.75 to 3.19 (average 2.54) for zinc, 3.36 to 4.43 (average 3.85) for cadmium, shoot
bioaccumulation factors of zinc and cadmium being 1.46–4.84 and 7.35–17.41, respectively. While most of lead was retained
in roots, thus indicating exclusion as a tolerance strategy for lead. Compared to the non-rhizosphere soil, organic matter
and total nitrogen and phosphorus content, CEC and water extractable zinc, cadmium, and lead concentration were significantly
higher, but pH was smaller in rhizosphere soil. The rhizosphere soil of S. alfredii harbored a wide variety of microorganism. In general, significantly higher numbers of culturable bacteria, actinomycetes,
and fungi were found in the rhizosphere compared to bulk soil, confirming the stimulatory effect of the S. alfredii rhizosphere on microbial growth and proliferation. Analyses of BIOLOG data also showed that the growth of S. alfredii resulted in observable changes in BIOLOG metabolic profiles, utilization ability of different carbon substrates of microbial
communities in the rhizosphere soil were also higher than the non-rhizosphere, confirming a functional effect of the rhizosphere
of S. alfredii on bacterial population. 相似文献