甘肃省项目县育龄妇女叶酸知识及服用情况调查

目的:了解甘肃省育龄妇女叶酸知识的知晓及服用状况。方法:对甘肃省5个县(市)2008年10月01日～2010年09月30日孕≥28周分娩的妇女进行问卷调查,统计分析其对叶酸知识的知晓率、叶酸服用率及规范服用率等指标。结果:调查21962名妇女,收回有效问卷20723份,有效应答率为94.36%。妇女叶酸知晓率为93.85%,服用率为84.92%,规范服用率为22.19%;其了解叶酸的主要途径是人口计生系统宣传教育。结论:甘肃省育龄期妇女的叶酸知识知晓率较高,围孕期叶酸的服用率也较高,但规范服用率低。     

吐鲁番市妇女孕期叶酸和维生素D服用情况调查

目的调查新疆维吾尔自治区吐鲁番市孕妇对叶酸和维生素D的知晓程度及服用情况,为今后更好地进行营养健康教育、提升孕妇健康知识提供科学依据,提高当地孕妇健康水平。方法采用自行设计的"孕妇健康综合调查表",对2018年1月～2月期间在吐鲁番市第二人民医院产科门诊和病房产检的280例孕中晚期孕妇进行问卷调查,有效问卷为266例(95%),孕妇年龄在18～45岁,调查孕妇年龄、孕次等基本情况以及叶酸和维生素D知晓程度及服用情况,分析不同年龄、文化程度、职业和家庭月收入的孕妇对叶酸和维生素D的知晓程度及服用情况。结果孕妇叶酸知晓率及服用率分别为93.9%和85.3%,不同年龄、教育程度、家庭月收入和职业的孕妇对叶酸的知晓率及服用率差异有统计学意义;维生素D知晓率及服用率分别为53.0%和31.5%,不同教育程度、家庭月收入和职业的孕妇对维生素D的知晓率及服用率差异有统计学意义;孕妇叶酸和维生素D知识主要来自医务人员,其次是媒体宣传和其他来源。结论新疆维吾尔自治区吐鲁番市孕妇叶酸知晓率及服用率较高,维生素D知晓率及服用率较低,孕妇叶酸和维生素D的知识来源主要来自于医务人员。     

长沙县农村育龄妇女增补叶酸现状及其影响因素

目的了解长沙县农村育龄妇女叶酸的增补现状及其影响因素,为促进增补叶酸预防神经管缺陷项目的实施提供参考。方法于2012年4月采用二阶段完全随机抽样方法对长沙县406名育龄妇女进行问卷调查,了解育龄妇女叶酸的知晓和服用情况,采用Logistic回归分析育龄妇女叶酸孕前服用和叶酸服用依从的影响因素。结果育龄妇女叶酸知晓率为19.9%,叶酸服用率为74.8%,叶酸服用依从率为20.4%,三者均未达到叶酸增补项目的总目标(P0.01)。多因素Logistic回归显示,知道叶酸需要持续补充6个月的育龄妇女更为依从(OR=2.559,P=0.001)、孕妇、一年内产妇较计划怀孕育龄妇女(孕妇OR=3.159,P=0.006;一年内产妇OR=5.535,P0.001)及曾接受过叶酸教育的育龄妇女叶酸服用依从性佳(OR=3.645,P0.001)。结论长沙县育龄妇女叶酸知晓率、服用率和依从率较低。应加强对育龄妇女叶酸预防神经管缺陷的宣传教育,并保证叶酸知识能够被育龄妇女接受。     

马鞍山市孕期妇女服用叶酸状况及其影响因素分析

目的了解马鞍山市孕期妇女叶酸服用情况以及影响因素,为更好地开展孕前及早孕期保健提供依据。方法对市妇幼保健院进行产前检查的孕妇606人进行叶酸服用情况调查,采用Logistic回归分析影响孕期服用叶酸的相关因素。结果目标人群叶酸服用率为59.9%。听家人和朋友（28.7%）、医务人员（25.1%）说等途径是孕期妇女获得叶酸知识的主要来源。单因素分析发现,影响孕期妇女服用叶酸的主要影响因素为：年龄、教育程度、职业、对叶酸知识的了解程度。经过多因素Logistic回归分析发现,具有大专及以上教育程度、教师职业和对叶酸知识的了解程度与叶酸服用关系密切。结论为提高孕期妇女叶酸服用率,应该根据不同人群的特点加强宣传。     

孕妇服用叶酸行为影响因素研究

目的分析孕妇服用叶酸的影响因素,为提高叶酸干预效果提供基础数据。方法采用医院及入户调查方法,抽取甘肃省两个县内2094名孕后三个月至产后一年的妇女进行面对面匿名问卷调查。结果 2094名调查对象中,叶酸服用率为25.4%。叶酸认知水平、年龄、出生缺陷生育史及孕后去医院检查、文化程度、计划妊娠、流产史、孕前去医院检查等是影响孕妇叶酸服用行为的主要影响因素。结论孕妇生育史及对叶酸的认知水平是影响其叶酸服用的重要原因;对育龄人群广泛开展叶酸认知教育,倡导健康的计划生育观念应成为干预的重点措施;而如何找到提高孕前叶酸服用的有效途径还有待探讨。     

240例孕妇叶酸服用状况调查

目的 了解育龄妇女怀孕前后叶酸(FA)服用情况,为更好地开展孕前及孕期保健提供依据.方法 设计专用调查表,对240例孕20周以上孕妇进行FA服用情况进行调查,分析FA服用率及影响因素.结果 240例孕妇总FA服用率为67.1%,规范服用率(孕前3个月至孕早期3个月服用FA)为13.3%.不同省份与不同地区的FA服用率均有显著性差异.随着文化程度的增高,FA服用率也相应提高.结论 围孕期妇女FA服用率不高,规范服用率低.应加强健康教育.     

健康教育对育龄妇女口服叶酸情况影响分析

目的探讨健康教育对孕妇掌握叶酸相关知识的影响。方法由接受过培训的医生对80例孕妇进行服用叶酸的宣传教育,采用自行设计的调查表,在健康教育前后让孕妇填写。结果健康教育前后80例孕妇叶酸知识知晓情况比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。健康教育前有21例(26.2%)服用过叶酸;健康教育后有70例(87.5%)服用叶酸,剩余10例因孕周>24周未再服用。结论健康教育可有效提高孕妇对叶酸相关知识的知晓率,对叶酸知识的普及有重要意义。     

甘肃省围孕期妇女服用叶酸依从行为现状及叶酸依从性的界定研究

目的了解叶酸服用及依从的现状,探讨叶酸依从性的判断标准及干预期。方法选择甘肃省两个县2504名怀孕后3个月至产后1年的妇女作为研究对象,进行面对面的访谈获取相关数据。结果孕妇叶酸自述服用率为38.44%;叶酸服用率为25.36%,叶酸有效服用率为10.55%,无效服用占58.38%。叶酸有效依从行为率为4.82%,无效依从行为率17.19%,无效依从行为率是有效依从行为率的3.57倍,70.43%孕妇叶酸依从行为属无效依从。结论制定可行且适宜的叶酸干预起点时间和干预期,提高叶酸有效服用率和有效依从率,是预防出生缺陷发生率的重要保障。     

滨海县东坎镇叶酸服用率及其知晓现状调查

目的分析、探讨提高农村妇女叶酸知识知晓率和全程规范服用率的措施,为干预出生缺陷提供依据。方法按省规范及县级考核标准自行设计问卷,随机抽取2013年度1 042名农村妇女作为研究对象,进行叶酸服用率及相关知识知晓率的抽样调查,并进行相关性分析。结果调查1 042名适龄妇女,收回有效问卷983份,有效应答率为94.3%。调查对象叶酸知识知晓率92.2%;叶酸服用率88.6%,全程规范服用率45.4%。学历越高、年龄越大、家庭收入越高,知晓率越高;学历越高服用率越高,全程服用率越高;待孕妇女、新生儿的产次亦与叶酸服用率相关。结论妇女叶酸知识的知晓率及服用率较低,与省重大妇幼项目规范标准还有一定距离,需要充分发挥社区力量,相关部门合力协作,加大健康教育的力度,进一步提高出生人口质量。     

兵团育龄妇女叶酸知晓与服用情况分析

目的:了解新疆生产建设兵团近5年有生育史妇女的叶酸知晓及服用情况。方法:数据来源于第三次兵团卫生服务调查结果,采取四阶段分层、整群随机抽样方法,共调查2005年7月1日～2010年6月30日有生育史的妇女627人;对叶酸知晓和服用的影响因素进行单因素和非条件Logistic逐步回归分析。结果:兵团近5年有生育史的妇女叶酸知晓率为56.8%,服用率为41.0%;妊娠期间服用叶酸257人,占41.0%,平均年龄(30.9±4.6)岁;知道叶酸可以预防神经管畸形301人,占48.0%;在知晓叶酸的妇女中,妊娠前及期间服用叶酸257人,占72.2%。汉族、文化程度高、孕早期做过产检、从事非农业劳动的妇女叶酸知晓率高,汉族、文化程度高、孕早期做过产检、年龄25～34岁的妇女叶酸服用率高。结论:应加强宣传教育,普及叶酸知识,提高育龄妇女增补叶酸行为的主动性。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.