替罗非班联合急诊冠脉介入术治疗急性心肌梗死的临床研究

目的 探讨早期应用替罗非班联合急诊经皮冠脉介入治疗术(PCI)治疗急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者的疗效.方法 初发ST段抬高急性心肌梗死(STEMI)拟行直接PCI术病人131例,阿司匹林+氯吡格雷+替罗非班组(n=32),阿司匹林+氯吡格雷组(n=99).分析PCI术后心肌梗死溶栓试验(TIMI)血流、TIMI血流灌注分级(TMPG)分级和ST段回落,评价PCI术后心肌微循环再灌注.观察住院及随防期间主要不良心脏事件(MACE)及出血等并发症.结果 与阿司匹林+氯吡格雷组相比,阿司匹林+氯吡格雷+替罗非班组梗死相关动脉(IRA)狭窄程度较轻[(68.7±11.0)%vs (86.5±7.8)%,P＜0.05].PCI术后TIMI3级血流阿司匹林+氯吡格雷+替罗非班组高于阿司匹林+氯吡格雷组(96.8% vs 78.8%,P＜0.05),TMPG3级阿司匹林+氯吡格雷+替罗非班组高于B组(62.5% vs 32.3%,P＜0.01).治疗期间轻度血小板减少和出血阿司匹林+氯吡格雷+替罗非班组高于阿司匹林+氯吡格雷组(9.4% vs 1.0%,P＜0.05).随访30 d,两组死亡率无差异,但MACE发生率阿司匹林+氯吡格雷+替罗非班组低于阿司匹林+氯吡格雷组(6.3% vs 29.3%,P＜0.01),进一步分析严重心绞痛阿司匹林+氯吡格雷+替罗非班组较阿司匹林+氯吡格雷组显著降低(6.3%vs 25.3%,P＜0.05).结论 阿司匹林和氯吡格雷基础上早期应用替罗非班,减少STEMI再灌注后无再流或慢血流的发生,改善心肌微循环再灌注及病人预后.     

替罗非班在急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死急诊PCI治疗中的作用

目的探讨在冠状动脉介入术（PCI）前开始使用盐酸替罗非班对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死（STEMI）患者心肌再灌注的疗效。方法入选84例STEMI患者,根据是否有胸痛症状分为替罗非班组（n=61）和对照组（n=23）。对照组给予阿司匹林、氯吡格雷常规药物治疗,替罗非班组在常规治疗基础上加用盐酸替罗非班治疗,观察替罗非班对患者冠状动脉血流、PCI术后1hST段回落、CK-MB峰值及出血副作用的影响。结果支架置入术前替罗非班组TIMI1级血流发生率及支架置入术后TIMI3级、2级血流发生率均优于对照组（P均〈0.05）。两组CK-MB峰值、PCI术后1hST段完全回落率比较,均有统计学差异（P均〈0.05）。替罗非班组和对照组发生轻微出血的比率分别为29.51%、8.70%,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论替罗非班能改善支架置入前后的TIMI血流,有利于缺血心肌的再灌注,但同时增加轻微出血的风险。     

替格瑞洛联合替罗非班治疗急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死有效性及安全性观察

观察替格瑞洛联合替罗非班对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)急诊经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)的有效性及安全性。方法选择诊断为STEMI、接受直接PCI治疗患者81例,随机分为替格瑞洛联合血小板膜糖蛋白Ⅱb/Ⅲa(GPⅡb/Ⅲa)受体拮抗剂替罗非班组(治疗组,41例)和氯吡格雷联合替罗非班组(对照组,40例)。评估两组PCI前后梗死相关血管TIMI血流分级、术后90天主要心血管事件(MACE)及术后出血等情况。结果两组血管开通率均为100%,与对照组比较,治疗组无复流减少(7.3%vs 20%,P0.05),90 d MACE有下降趋势但无统计学差异(7.3%vs 12.5%,P0.05)。而围术期出血发生率无明显差异。结论替格瑞洛联合替罗非班可有效改善STEMI患者梗死相关血管的血流,同时安全性良好。     

替格瑞洛与氯吡格雷序贯治疗对STEMI急诊PCI患者血小板聚集率及MACE的影响

目的探讨行急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者替格瑞洛与氯吡格雷序贯治疗对血小板聚集率及主要不良心血管事件(MACE)的影响。方法选择2012年2月~2015年3月黑龙江佳木斯市中心医院心内科收治急性STEMI并行急诊PCI治疗的患者92例,随机分为替格瑞洛组(n=30)、氯吡格雷组(n=30)与序贯治疗组(n=32)3组。替格瑞洛组给予替格瑞洛口服;氯吡格雷组给予氯吡格雷口服;序贯治疗组先给予替格瑞洛口服,7 d后更改为氯吡格雷口服。检测急诊PCI术前及术后2 h、24 h、7 d及30 d时血小板聚集率,并观察患者30 d内MACE及出血事件的发生率。结果 3组患者急诊PCI术后血小板聚集率较术前均明显下降(P0.05);在术后2 h、24 h、7 d时间点替格瑞洛组血小板聚集率与氯吡格雷组比较下降更明显(P0.05);在术后2 h、24 h、7 d、30 d时间点序贯治疗组与替格瑞洛组血小板聚集率差异无统计学意义(P0.05);替格瑞洛组与序贯治疗组30d内MACE事件发生率均低于氯吡格雷组(P0.05);住院期间3组出血事件发生率差异无显著性(P0.05)。结论 STEMI患者行急诊PCI术前应用替格瑞洛抗血小板治疗,可显著抑制血小板聚集,降低30 d内MACE事件且不增加出血风险;STEMI患者PCI术一周后口服氯吡格雷替代替格瑞洛具有与替格瑞洛同样的疗效。     

替罗非班对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术后心肌生化标志物及临床预后的影响

目的前瞻性评价替罗非班对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后肌酸激酶混合型同工酶、肌钙蛋白I、酶性心肌梗死面积以及主要心脏不良事件(MACE)发生率的影响.方法183例接受急诊PCI治疗的STEMI患者,随机分为替罗非班组(92例)和对照组(91例).比较两组基础临床情况、介入治疗结果、急诊PCI术前和术后血清肌酸激酶混合型同工酶、肌钙蛋白I、酶性心肌梗死面积、住院期和术后180天左心室射血分数及MACE发生率.结果替罗非班组与对照组相比,基础临床情况、介入治疗结果及术前肌酸激酶混合型同工酶、肌钙蛋白I水平差异均不具有统计学意义(P＞0.05).替罗非班组与对照组相比,急诊PCI术后肌酸激酶混合型同工酶峰值(P＜0.01)和肌酸激酶混合型同工酶均值(P＜0.01)、肌钙蛋白I峰值(P=0.01)和肌钙蛋白I均值(P＜0.05)、酶性心肌梗死面积(P＜0.05)均显著降低,差异均具有统计学意义.替罗非班组与对照组相比,住院期及术后180天左心室射血分数(P＜0.05～0.01)明显增加,MACE发生率(P＜0.05)显著降低,差异均具有统计学意义.多因素回归分析表明,替罗非班治疗是降低STEMI患者急诊PCI术后180天MACE发生率的独立决定因素(OR=0.39,P＜0.01).替罗非班组术后出血并发症发生率高于对照组,但差异不具有统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论替罗非班能显著降低STEMI患者急诊PCI.术后肌酸激酶混合型同工酶、肌钙蛋白I峰值和均值,明显缩小酶性心肌梗死面积,并显著改善住院期及术后180天临床预后.     

氯吡格雷与阿司匹林抗血小板治疗ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死患者的系统评价

目的 系统评价氯吡格雷与阿司匹林双重抗血小板治疗ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死(acute myocardial infarction,ST-AMI)患者的有效性和安全性. 方法 应用计算机检索美国国立生物医学信息中心PubMed医学数据库、荷兰医学文摘embase数据库、Cochrane图书馆临床对照试验数据库(2007年第3期)和中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、中文科技期刊全文数据库(CNKI)、维普资讯网中文科技期刊数据库(VIP)、万方医学数据库,同时筛检纳入文献的参考文献.收集氯吡格雷联用阿司匹林治疗ST-AMI的随机和半随机对照试验,两名评价员独立评价文献质量和提取资料,并采用RevMan 4.2软件对资料进行Meta分析. 结果共纳入10个研究,52 433例患者.Meta分析结果显示:(1)与单用阿司匹林比较,氯吡格雷与阿司匹林双重抗血小板治疗能降低任何原因导致的死亡(RR=0.91,95% CI为0.85～0.97)、再发心肌梗死(RR=0.80,95%CI为0.72～0.89)、脑卒中(RR=0.81,95% CI为0.68～0.96)、心肌梗死后心绞痛(RR=0.35,95% CI为0.19～0.66)、冠状动脉内血栓(RR=0.73,95% CI为0.64～0.83)和降低死亡、再发心肌梗死或脑卒中的联合终点事件(RR=0.89,95% CI为0.84～0.95)的发生率;(2)改善心力衰竭和梗死相关动脉TIMI血流情况比较,差异无统计学意义(RR=0.97,95% CI为0.92～1.03;RR=1.14,95%CI为1.00～1.30;P＞0.05);(3)氯吡格雷与阿司匹林双重抗血小板治疗与单用阿司匹林比较,并发症出血相似(RR=1.1l,95% CI为0.92～1.34). 结论 与单用阿司匹林比较,联用氯吡格雷和阿司匹林能降低ST-AMI患者的死亡(任何原因)、再发心肌梗死、脑卒中及梗死后心绞痛、冠状动脉内血栓和降低死亡、再发心肌梗死或脑卒中的联合终点事件的发生率,但在改善心力衰竭和梗死相关动脉TIMI血流方面两者疗效相当.短期氯吡格雷和阿司匹林双重抗血小板治疗与单用阿司匹林发生出血并发症相似.     

国产替罗非班对老年急性冠脉综合征介入治疗患者近期预后的影响

目的 评价国产替罗非班对老年（≥60岁）急性冠脉综合征（ACS）接受冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）患者近期预后的影响。方法325例患者根据是否使用替罗非班分为替罗非班组（n=210）和对照组（n=115）,所有患者术中均植入了药物洗脱支架;替罗非班组在口服阿司匹林＋氯吡格雷基础上加用替罗非班,对照组仅口服阿司匹林＋氯吡格雷;比较两组基线资料、支架植入即刻心肌梗死溶栓治疗（TIMI）血流3级比率、支架内血栓发生率、轻微出血、大出血和血小板减少发生率、术后30d死亡、心肌梗死（MI）和靶血管血运重建（TVR）率。结果替罗非班组PCI后即刻TIMI血流3级比率高于对照组（99．05％VS94．78％,P〈0．05）;支架内血栓发生率明显低于对照组（0．47％vs3．47％,P〈0．01）;术后30d,替罗非班组死亡、MI和TVR率明显低于对照组（分别为0．00％VS2．61％、0．47％VS3．47％和0．47％vs1．73％,P〈0．01）;替罗非班组轻微出血发生率高于对照组,但无统计学差异（7．14％VS4．35％,P〉0．05）,两组大出血发生率和血小板减少发生率均无显著差异（分别为0．00％12S0．00％和0．95％vs0．87％,P〉0．05）。结论国产替罗非班可明显改善老年ACS患者PCI术后即刻TIMI血流状况;有效降低支架内血栓发生率;减少术后30d死亡、MI和TVR发生率,且不增加大出血和血小板减少的发生,从而改善患者的近期预后。     

高危急性冠状动脉综合征介入治疗早期或即刻应用替罗非班对主要不良心血管事件的影响

目的 观察高危非ST段抬高急性冠状动脉综合征(NSTE-ACS)经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术前早期应用和术前即刻应用替罗非班对血小板功能和180 d主要不良心血管事件(MACE)的影响,探讨替罗非班的最佳应用时机.方法 2006年7月至2007年7月,160例备行PCI的高危NSTE-ACS患者随机分配到PCI前早期应用组(冠状动脉造影前4～6 h应用替罗非班)和PCI前即刻应用组(导丝通过冠状动脉病变后应用替罗非班).观察两组入院后、冠状动脉造影前和PCI后的血小板聚集率,随访术后24 h、3 d、7 d、30 d和180 d MACE.记录使用替罗非班治疗期间的出血并发症和血小板减少症的发生率.结果 应用替罗非班后,两组血小板聚集率均显著降低(P＜0.05).PCI前早期应用组冠状动脉造影前的血小板聚集率显著低于PCI前即刻应用组(8%比42%,P＜0.05).两组PCI后24 h和3 d内均未发生MACE,7 d MACE发生率均为1.3%.PCI前早期应用组术后30 d(3.8%比6.3%,P＞0.05)和180 d(13.0%比16.7%,P＞0.05)MACE发生率均低于PCI术前即刻应用组.两组180 d无MACE发生的生存率分别为87.0%和83.7%(P＞0.05).增龄(OR=1.164,P＜0.001)、高血压(OR=4.165,P=0.037)和2型糖尿病(OR=13.628,P＜0.001)是发生MACE的独立危险因素.替罗非班的应用时机对MACE发生率有一定程度的影响(OR=2.416,P=0.153).在使用替罗非班治疗期间,两组重度出血并发症发生率(2.5%比1.3%.P＞0.05)差异无统计学意义,中度出血并发症和轻度血小板减少症发生率均为1.25%.结论 在阿司匹林和氯吡格雷抗血小板治疗的基础上,高危NSTE-ACS患者PCI前早期应用替罗非班比PCI前即刻应用,能及早强化抗血小板治疗,有减少PCI后MACE发生率的趋势.增龄、高血压和2型糖尿病是高危NSTE-ACS患者PCI联合替罗非班治疗中发生MACE的独立危险因素.     

替罗非班对急性STEMI患者安全性及近期预后的影响

目的探讨替罗非班辅助急诊冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗ST段抬高心肌梗死(STEMI)患者的安全性及近期预后。方法选择2008年12月至2012年6月行急诊PCI治疗的STEMI患者468例,根据是否使用替罗非班,分为替罗非班组(n=351)和对照组(n=117)。采用Kaplan-Meier和Cox比例风险模型分析两组患者住院期间安全性指标(严重出血、轻微出血、血小板减少症)、术后30天和90天术后主要不良心血管事件(死亡、再梗死、靶血管血运重建)发生情况。结果替罗非班组住院期间安全性指标与对照组相比无统计学差异(P0.05)。替罗非班组30天(7.98%vs.16.24%,P=0.01)及90天(8.55%vs.19.66%,P=0.001)主要不良心血管事件(MACE)发生率均低于对照组。Kaplan-Meier生存分析显示,替罗非班组术后30天(Log Rank=7.977,P=0.005)及90天(Log Rank=12.371,P0.001)无MACE生存率显著高于对照组。Cox比例风险模型显示替罗非班使用可以减少术后30天(HR=0.443,95%CI:0.247~0793,P=0.006)MACE发生和90天(HR=0.391,95%CI:0.227~0.674,P=0.001)MACE发生的风险。结论替罗非班可改善经直接PCI治疗的STEMI患者短期临床预后,且安全性良好。     

替罗非班对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者血小板抑制率的影响及安全性评价

目的替罗非班对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者血小板抑制率的影响及安全性评价。方法入选2013年3月至2014年2月间于首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院急诊危重症中心收治的STEMI患者82例,随机分为替罗非班组(42例)和对照组(40例)。替罗非班组于经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)前30 min内给予盐酸替罗非班,继而持续微量泵入36 h。常规行冠状动脉(冠脉)造影,PCI只干预梗死相关血管。对照组PCI前仅给予肝素,于药物干预前后,检测血小板抑制率和活性,记录两组PCI后30 d内主要不良心血管事件(MACE)及出血情况。结果与对照组比较,替罗非班组使用替罗非班治疗24 h后血小板抑制率升高,而活性均下降,[(59.8±17.3)%vs.(80.3±8.6)%],[(58.2±7.3)mm vs.(46.9±11.5)mm],差异有统计学意义(P均0.05)。替罗非班组PCI后30 d内MACE发生率低于对照组,9.5%vs. 20.0%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者出血发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论替罗非班能明显升高急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者血小板抑制率和降低血小板活性,且不增加出血风险,安全有效。     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

Angiographic diagnosis of the degree of serosal invasion of carcinoma of the colon

Angiography using Prostaglandin El^® was performed on 38 patients with carcinoma of the colon in order to diagnose the degree of serosal cancer invasion. The findings at angiography were classified into four groups:1) AG-S3, abnormal change (irregularity and/or encasement) up to marginal vessels; 2) AG-S2, abnormality up to vasa recta; 3) AG-S1, abnormality of penetrating branches of vasa recta within the wall of the colon; and 4) AG-S0, no distinct findings of abovementioned vessels. These angiographic findings were compared with both macroscopic and microscopic serosal cancer invasion. Angiographic diagnosis is in accord with the macroscopic findings in 84.2 percent of cases. Angiographic diagnosis is in accord with the microscopic findings in 32.4 percent of cases. Macroscopic findings confirm the angiographic diagnosis precisely but the conflict with microscopic findings should not be overlooked. This may be the result of inflammatory change, adhesion, and fibrosis around carcinoma of the colon.