ABI、baPWV及血浆Lp-PLA2水平与冠心病的关系研究

目的:探讨血浆脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2(Lp-PLA2),踝臂指数(ABI)和肱踝脉搏波传导速度(baPWV)与冠心病的关系。方法:选择120例疑似或确诊冠心病患者,根据冠脉造影结果分为冠心病组(90例)和非冠心病组(30例),冠心病组又分为单支病变组(单支组)30例,双支病变组(双支组)30例和多支病变组(多支组)30例。检测各组血浆Lp-PLA2水平,及ABI、baPWV值,并进行比较。结果:与非冠心病组比较,冠心病组的血浆Lp-PLA2水平[(23.60±13.33)μg/L比(36.65±17.24)μg/L]和baPWV[(1244.27±127.85)cm/s比(1753.08±284.32)cm/s]显著升高,P均0.01。在冠心病组中,与单支组比较,双支和多支组血浆Lp-PLA2水平[(25.81±8.97)μg/L比(35.03±9.80)μg/L比(49.13±21.22)μg/L]显著升高,且多支组显著高于双支组(P0.05或0.01);双支和多支组baPWV[(1579.77±178.05)cm/s比(1808.07±272.11)cm/s,(1871.40±306.03)cm/s]显著升高,P均0.01。单支组和双支组的ABI显著高于多支组[(1.19±0.08),(1.17±0.07)比(1.11±0.15)],P0.01或0.05。结论:血浆脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2、踝臂指数、肱-踝脉搏波传导速度与冠心病及其病变程度有关,三者联合检测可更准确地预测冠心病及其严重程度,从而更有效地防治冠心病。     

内皮微粒与冠心病相关性研究

目的:探讨血浆内皮微粒(EMP)与冠心病的相关性。方法:冠心病组367例,其中稳定型心绞痛(SA)119例,急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)248例,后者含不稳定型心绞痛(UA)158例,急性心肌梗死(AMI)90例。非冠心病组166例。ELISA法测定血浆ET-1,流式微球技术检测血浆EMP。结果:冠心病组ET-1、EMP水平升高,呈正相关(r=0.233,P=0.001)。ACS组EMP(547.405)显著高于非冠心病组(148.185)及SA组(429.890),亚组分析中UA组EMP(551.660)升高最为显著;冠心病冠状动脉病变支数与EMP无明显相关;AMI患者EMP与BNP、TnT、TnI间无明显相关;EMP与ACS患者短期预后相关(r=0.280,P<0.01)。结论:血浆EMP水平可反映冠心病内皮功能障碍,与冠心病的发生、冠状动脉斑块的不稳定性有关。     

冠心病患者糖代谢状态对脉搏波速度影响研究

目的 研究冠心病患者糖代谢状态对脉搏波速度(baPWV)的影响.方法 198例冠心病患者分为糖代谢正常(NGT)组、糖调节受损(IGR)组、糖尿病组,测定臂踝baPWV,并记录年龄、性别、冠心病危险因子、血脂、炎症因子等指标.结果 糖尿病组baPWV(1807±381)cm/s显著高于NGT组[(1615士248)cm/s,P=0.000]及IGR组[(1674±277)cm/s,P=0.035].多元逐步线性回归分析显示,年龄和高敏C反应蛋白(hsCRP)水平为总体baPWV独立影响因子.糖尿病组baPWV独立影响因子为年龄和糖化血红蛋白水平.结论 冠心病患者随着处于糖代谢状态的不同阶段(糖代谢正常、糖调节受损、糖尿病),baPWV有增快趋势,尤其是合并糖尿病的冠心病患者baPWV较NGT、IGR患者差异有统计学意义.血糖控制情况与动脉僵硬度相关.     

氧化应激、激活蛋白1与老年高血压患者动脉弹性改变的关系及奥美沙坦干预的影响

目的观察老年原发性高血压(EH)患者氧化应激、激活蛋白1(AP-1)的变化与动脉弹性改变,并探讨三者之间关系以及奥美沙坦干预的影响。方法选择符合入选标准的老年EH患者178例和老年健康体检者136人,分别作为EH组和对照组。两组患者分别检测超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛、AP-1、空腹血糖、血尿酸、血脂和臂踝动脉脉搏波传导速度(baPWV)。随机选取122例老年EH患者给予奥美沙坦治疗12周(奥美沙坦组),剩余56例作为EH对照组,观察治疗前后血压、SOD、丙二醛、AP-1和baPWV的变化。结果与对照组相比,老年EH患者的SOD降低,丙二醛、AP-1和baPWV升高[分别为(66.5±10.5)比(78.8±13.4)kU/L,(5.6±1.3)比(4.5±1.3)μmol/L,(1.6±0.1)比(0.8±0.1),(1833±175)比(1721±181)cm/s(左baPWV),(1848±182)比(1743±176)cm/s(右baPWV);均P0.01]。多元线性回归分析分别显示,收缩压、舒张压、年龄和空腹血糖是AP-1的独立影响因素。与治疗前相比,奥美沙坦升高SOD活性,降低血压、丙二醛和AP-1水平,并改善动脉弹性[AP-1:(1.2±0.3)比(1.7±0.4);左baPWV:(1691±179)比(1842±182)cm/s;右baPWV:(1697±170)比(1877±169)cm/s,均P0.01]。结论老年高血压患者存在氧化应激和AP-1水平的升高,并与动脉弹性改变相关;奥美沙坦能升高SOD活性,降低丙二醛和AP-1水平,并改善动脉弹性。     

脉搏波速度与高血压及其靶器官损害的相关性研究

目的:分析脉搏波传导速度(PWV)与高血压及其靶器官损害的相关性及高血压与其伴发病PWV的差异。方法:入选192例因胸痛疑诊冠心病而行冠脉造影的患者,根据冠脉造影结果,分为单纯高血压组(49例),单纯冠心病组(37例),高血压合并冠心病组(81例)及高血压合并冠心病及糖尿病组(25例);同时有创测量中心动脉收缩压(cSBP),舒张压(cDBP)及脉压(cPP)。用欧姆龙动脉硬化检测仪测量患者臂踝脉搏波速度(baP-WV)。同时检测体重指数(BMI),血脂,颈总动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT),血清肌酐(Scr),左室质量指数(LV-MI)等冠心病危险因素。结果:Pearson相关分析发现,baPWV与年龄,cSBP,cPP,LVMI及Scr呈正相关(r=0.193～0.494,P<0.05或<0.01);单纯高血压组与单纯冠心病组患者的baPWV比较无显著差异[(1570±286)cm/s比(1669±381)cm/s,P=0.20];而高血压合并冠心病患者的baPWV[(1891±413)cm/s]较单纯高血压、及单纯冠心病组明显升高(P<0.05);高血压合并冠心病与高血压合并冠心病、糖尿病患者的baPWV[(1864±408)cm/s]比较无显著性差异(P=0.81)。结论:脉搏波传导速度与年龄、中心动脉压、左室质量指数等明显相关,高血压合并冠心病患者的血管损害较单纯高血压病或冠心病者明显加重。     

新疆维吾尔族、汉族原发性高血压患者动脉僵硬度与尿微量白蛋白及血浆醛固酮水平的相关性

目的探讨新疆维吾尔族、汉族原发性高血压患者动脉僵硬度与尿微量白蛋白、血浆醛固酮水平的关系。方法收集2008-08-2011-04住院的原发性高血压患者共411例,其中男225例,女186例,维吾尔族123例,汉族288例,年龄(46.4±10.7)岁。对维吾尔族、汉族患者进行24h尿微量白蛋白、臂踝动脉脉搏波传导速度(baPWV)、颈动脉内膜中层厚度测定。根据baPWV水平分为正常组(baPWV≤1400cm/s,n=183)和异常组(baPWV>1400cm/s,n=228)。结果维吾尔族、汉族异常组患者24h尿微量白蛋白[维吾尔(29.23±18.44)比(14.18±4.73)mg/24h;汉(24.82±25.43)比(13.69±6.74)mg/24h,P<0.05],颈动脉内膜中层厚度[维吾尔(0.12±0.04)比(0.09±0.03)cm;汉(0.10±0.03)比(0.09±0.02)cm,P<0.05],血浆醛固酮(立位)水平[维吾尔(0.20±0.18)比(0.09±0.02)μg/L;汉(0.18±0.19)比(0.08±0.02)μg/L,P<0.05]高于正常组。经多因素Logistic回归分析显示:维吾尔族、汉族24h尿微量白蛋白,血浆醛固酮(立位)水平,颈动脉内膜中层厚度与baPWV相关(P<0.05)。结论 24h尿微量白蛋白、颈动脉内膜中层厚度及血浆醛固酮(立位)水平为维吾尔族、汉族高血压患者动脉僵硬度共同的危险因素。     

2型糖尿病合并高血压患者高敏C反应蛋白与肱踝脉搏波速度的变化及其临床意义

目的探讨T2DM合并高血压患者高敏C反应蛋白(hsC-RP)与肱踝脉搏波速度(baPWV)的关系。方法分析对比T2DM合并高血压(T2DM+EH)组、T2DM组及正常对照(NC)组hsC-RP和baPWV水平及其相关性。结果 hsC-RP水平T2DM+EH组(3.5±0.8)mg/L、T2DM组(3.3±1.1)mg/L均高于NC组(1.4±1.0)mg/L(P<0.05)。T2DM+EH组baPWV(2196.1±218.6)cm/s高于其他两组(P<0.05);T2DM组baPWV(2010.9±231.7)cm/s高于NC组(1617.4±198.2)cm/s(P<0.05)。各组hsC-RP水平和baPWV均有较好的相关性。结论 T2DM+EH患者hsC-RP和baPWV同时升高,且二者之间有较好的相关性。     

不同水平的低密度脂蛋白胆固醇人群踝肱脉搏波传导速度的研究

目的 研究不同水平低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)与踝肱脉搏波传导速度(baPWV)的关系,探讨影响动脉弹性的主要因素.方法 从哈尔滨医科大学附属第二医院体检中心2010年4月-2011年10月的体检人群中随机抽取1 075例(男728例)作为研究对象.按照血清LDL-C水平分为4组:LDL-C正常组(C组,LDL-C<3.42 mmol/L);LDL-C临界升高组(H1组,LDL-C 3.42 mmol/L~4.20 mmol/L);LDL-C升高组(H2组,LDL-C:4.21 mmol/L~4.97 mmol/L);LDL-C显著升高组(H3组,LDL-C≥4.98 mmol/L).测定各组体检者的baPWV和踝肱指数(ABI),及其他临床指标,并行组间比较分析.结果 高LDL-C组baPWV值显著高于LDL-C正常组(1 391.74 cm/s±224.74 cm/s比1 310.49 cm/s±222.10 cm/s,P=0.027).C组和H1组baPWV值处于正常范围,且H1组baPWV值(1 351.77 cm/s±229.88 cm/s)明显高于C组(1 310.49 cm/s±222.02 cm/s),差异有统计学意义(P=0.012),H2组baPWV值和H3组baPWV值轻度升高,与C组、Hl组差异有统计学意义(P=0.00).各组间ABI值差异无统计学意义(P=0.221).baPWV逐步线性回归分析显示,收缩压(SBP)、年龄、LDL-C、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、尿酸(UA)均是影响baPWV的独立危险因素.且在控制SBP、年龄、HDL-C、UA影响因素后,LDL-C仍然与baPWV存在相关性(r=0.078,P=0.012).结论 随着LDL-C的升高,baPWV值增高,LDL-C升高者早期动脉血管弹性下降,baPWV检测有助于发现LDL-C升高的早期动脉粥样硬化.     

急性冠脉综合征患者D31阳性CD42阴性内皮微粒的检测及其临床意义

目的 研究血浆CD31阳性CD42阴性的细胞微粒（CD-31 CD-42EMP）能否作为急性冠状动脉综合征患者危险程度的标志物.方法 收集62例急性冠脉综合征和62例稳定型冠心病患者及62例健康志愿者的血浆,用流式细胞术测定CD＋31 CD-42EMP水平,同时测定血浆超敏C-反应蛋白的水平.结果 与健康志愿者组比较,稳定型冠心病组患者CD＋31 CD-42EMP水平和超敏C-反应蛋白的水平明显升高,差异有显著性;与稳定型冠心病组患者及健康志愿者组比较,急性冠脉综合征组患者的CD＋31 CD-42EMP水平和超敏C-反应蛋白的水平明显升高,差异具有显著性.结论 CD＋31 CD-42EMP水平能作为急性冠脉综合征危险程度的标志物,且与超敏C-反应蛋白的水平有明显相关性.     

代谢综合征与脂肪肝对老年人亚临床动脉粥样硬化相关指标的影响

目的探讨代谢综合征(MS)和非酒精性脂肪肝(NAFLD)对老年患者颈动脉中层厚度(CIMT)、肱踝脉搏波传导速度(baPWV)、踝臂指数(ABI)等亚临床动脉粥样硬化指标的影响。方法针对235例住院非冠心病老年患者(年龄≥60岁)的横断面研究。设计标准化的问卷调查及体格检查采集年龄、性别、身高、体重、腰围、血压和生活方式等指标,使用全自动生化分析仪检测空腹血糖(FBG)、血脂、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、胱抑素C、尿酸等生化指标,通过超声检测脂肪肝、CIMT,采用动脉硬化检测仪测定baPWV、ABI。结果患者年龄、性别、肝功能、吸烟、饮酒和运动情况等基线临床资料的组间差异无统计学意义。MS组与对照组比较,CIMT、baPWV差异有统计学意义[(1.10±0.02)mm比(0.99±0.01)mm,P0.01;(1630±34)cm/s比(1480±23)cm/s,P0.01];NAFLD组与对照组比较,CIMT、baPWV及ABI差异有统计学意义[(1.10±0.02)mm比(1.00±0.01)mm,P0.01;(1665±40)cm/s比(1475±20)cm/s,P0.01;1.07±0.02比1.13±0.01,P0.01]。相关分析显示,CIMT与BMI、收缩压(SBP)、FBG、Hcy、胱抑素C及尿酸等多个心血管危险因素相关,baPWV与BMI、SBP、FBG相关,而ABI仅与血脂指标相关。多元Logistic回归分析结果提示,校正混杂因素后,MS或NAFLD不是baPWV的独立危险因素,而MS合并NAFLD既是CIMT的危险因素(OR:3.72,95%CI:1.42~9.70),又是baPWV的危险因素(OR=3.43,95%CI:1.31~9.01)。结论 MS与NAFLD对非冠心病老年患者亚临床动脉粥样硬化有协同作用,MS合并NAFLD的老年患者需加强心血管疾病预防。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.