阿克苏市汉族维吾尔族小学生超重肥胖现况

了解阿克苏市汉族、维吾尔族小学生超重和肥胖现状,为制定相应干预措施提供依据.方法 从2013年阿克苏市学生体检信息报表中抽取7~ 12岁汉族小学生5 377名,维吾尔族小学生4 984名,共10 361名.利用中国学生超重肥胖筛查BMI分类标准,判定超重和肥胖.结果 汉族小学生总体超重率(15.10%)、肥胖率(11.20%)高于维吾尔族小学生总体超重率(6.48%)、肥胖率(2.71%)(x2值分别为197.05,281.98,P值均<0.01).汉族男生总体超重率(18.11%)、肥胖率(13.69%)高于汉族女生总体超重率(11.87%)、肥胖率(8.52%)(x2值分别为40.73,36.10,P值均<0.01);维吾尔族男生超重率(7.60%)高于女生(5.40%)(x2=10.00,P<0.01);维吾尔族男、女生肥胖检出率分别为3.11%,2.48% (x2=1.01,P>0.05).汉族男生超重检出率有随年龄增长而增长的趋势,汉族男生肥胖检出率及汉、维女生超重、肥胖检出率均有随年龄增加而下降的趋势(P值均<0.05).结论 阿克苏市小学生超重肥胖已处于流行期.应及早采取综合预防措施,有效控制儿童肥胖的发生发展.     

泰安地区2021年小学生超重和肥胖的流行病学调查

目的 了解泰安地区小学生超重和肥胖现况，为制定针对小学生超重肥胖的防治措施提供科学依据。方法 2021年随机整群抽取泰安市城乡6～13岁小学生10 644人，采用体质量指数(BMI)作为诊断超重和肥胖的标准，统计分析本地区小学生超重和肥胖的调查结果。结果 泰安地区6～13岁小学生超重总检出率为23.03%,其中男、女生超重检出率分别为26.14%、19.35%;肥胖总检出率为20.77%,其中男、女生肥胖检出率分别为24.50%、16.35%;男生的超重率、肥胖率均明显高于女生，差异有统计学意义(χ²=69.12、106.52,P<0.05)。城、郊区超重检出率分别为21.86%、24.15%,肥胖检出率分别为22.07%、19.52%。与本地区2018年调研对比，此次6～13岁小学生超重、肥胖检出率显著高于2018年6～13岁小学生超重、肥胖检出率(17.58%、19.03%),3年间增长率分别为33%和9.14%(P<0.01)。结论 泰安地区小学生超重率和肥胖率均较高，男生明显高于女生，3年间有明显增长趋势。提高社会对小学生超重肥胖群体防治意识迫...     

江西省城市小学生肥胖现状及影响因素分析

目的了解江西省城市儿童肥胖的流行现状,探讨儿童肥胖的干预措施。方法采用整群抽样法,随机抽取江西省南昌市、九江市、萍乡市小学生8 058名进行体格检查,并进行小学生肥胖影响因素分析。结果3个城市小学生超重率和肥胖率分别为12.0%和4.2%,其中男生超重率和肥胖率分别为14.5%和4.8%,女生超重率和肥胖率分别为9.2%和3.6%,男生超重率和肥胖率均高于女生。肥胖的危险因素有男性、爱吃肥肉、常挑食、喜欢喝雪碧等饮料,保护因素有喜欢吃蔬菜水果和女性。结论江西省城市小学生肥胖率较高,以南昌市最高,应引起重视,并尽早予以预防和控制。     

吉林市儿童青少年超重肥胖流行现状

目的分析吉林市儿童青少年超重、肥胖的流行状况,为制定相应的防治策略和干预措施提供科学依据。方法选取2011-2015年吉林市学生体质健康监测资料,对吉林市5~18岁学生196 454名进行体格检查,利用中国肥胖问题工作组(WGOC)和国际肥胖工作组(IOTF)推荐的BMI标准筛查超重、肥胖。结果吉林市5~18岁儿童青少年男生肥胖率为20.2%,女生肥胖率为10.4%;男生超重率为19.0%,女生超重率为13.8%;‘超重+肥胖’:男生39.1%,女生24.2%;男生超重率、肥胖率均显著高于女生,差异有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论吉林市儿童青少年男性比女性超重、肥胖情况更严重,均高于国内其他城市水平。吉林市超重、肥胖有一定的流行趋势,因此需采取有效干预措施降低发生率。     

中国6~17岁儿童青少年超重肥胖流行特征

目的 分析我国6~17岁儿童青少年超重肥胖流行情况,为制定肥胖防治策略提供科学依据。方法 利用"2010-2012年中国居民营养与健康状况监测"中6~17岁儿童青少年调查资料,分析我国儿童青少年超重肥胖现状。6岁儿童采用WHO 2007年推荐的分年龄性别BMI超重肥胖判定标准判定超重肥胖,7~17岁儿童青少年采用《中国学龄儿童青少年超重和肥胖预防与控制指南》中的分年龄、性别的BMI超重肥胖判定标准进行判定。结果 6~17岁儿童青少年超重率和肥胖率分别为9.6%和6.4%,其中城市儿童青少年超重率和肥胖率分别为11.0%（男生：12.8%,女生：9.0%）和7.7%（男生：9.7%,女生：5.5%）,农村儿童青少年超重率和肥胖率分别为8.4%（男生：9.3%,女生：7.4%）和5.2%（男生：6.2%,女生：4.1%）。按家庭经济收入水平分,高、中和低家庭收入儿童青少年的超重率分别为12.3%、10.7%和8.2%,肥胖率分别为8.6%、7.2%和5.7%。结论 2012年,我国6~17岁儿童青少年超重肥胖表现为城市高于农村,男生高于女生;患病率与家庭经济收入水平有关。     

潮州市区小学生肥胖现状调查分析

目的了解潮州市区小学生肥胖状况,为制订有效的肥胖干预措施提供科学依据。方法采用WGOC推荐的“中国学龄儿童青少年超重、肥胖筛查人体质量指数值分类标准”,人体质量指数（BMI）为体重（kg）与身高（m）平方的比值,抽取市区4064名7～12岁在校小学生进行超重肥胖状况分析。结果2010年共调查4064名7～12岁小学生,男生2136人,女生1928人。总超重率为13．41％,肥胖率为10．26％;男生超重率和肥胖率分别为16．20％、13．58％,均高于女生（10．32％、6．59％）（P〈0．01）;超重率在女生中随年龄增长而变化的趋势不同（P〈0．05）,而肥胖率在男生中的变化跟年龄有关（P〈0．05）。结论潮州市小学生超重肥胖状况不容乐观,应采取切实有效的干预措施．防治重点为男生。     

大理市小学生超重肥胖状况及影响因素多水平模型分析

探讨个体水平和社区食品环境因素对小学生超重肥胖的影响,为制定儿童超重肥胖的干预措施提供理论依据.方法 采用分层整群随机抽样方法,抽取大理市小学生4 354名.采用体格测量、问卷调查等方法收集数据,利用多水平模型进行影响因素分析.结果 大理市小学生超重率为8.5%,其中男生为10.4%,女生为8.5%;肥胖率为7.7%,其中男生为9.3%,女生为6.1%.社区食品密度、年龄、性别、家庭经济条件、看电视时间、运动次数、是否喜食零食以及父母亲是否超重和肥胖等因素与小学生超重肥胖相关.结论 个人、家庭、社会应该加强对小学生超重肥胖发生及其危害的认识,采取综合干预措施,特别是改善社区食品环境,以降低儿童超重肥胖率.     

盐城市2003年中小学生营养状况

目的了解盐城市中小学生营养状况，为制定相应的干预措施提供科学依据。方法采用身高标准体重法．对盐城市2003年城乡中小学生7520名营养状况进行评价。结果中小学生营养不良率为13．3%，超重率为12．9％，肥胖率为8．4％；各年龄组学生营养不良率差异有显著性；中学生营养不良率高于小学生，超重率、肥胖率低于小学生：城市学生营养不良率、肥胖率均高于农村学生，农村学生超重率高于城市学生；女生营养不良牢高于男生，男生超重率、肥胖率高于女生。结论盐城市中小学生营养问题较严重、应制定防治方案，采取相直的干预措施。     

2017年苏州市中小学生超重和肥胖现况及与2012年的比较

目的了解苏州市2017年中小学生超重肥胖状况及变化趋势。方法收集2012年和2017年中小学生体检资料进行分析,计算7～17岁学生超重肥胖检出率及年均增长率。结果 2012—2017年苏州中小学生超重检出率年均增长率,男生2.1%,女生1.5%,男生超重率从2012年的16.7%,增加到2017年的18.5%(χ2=309.433,P<0.01),女生超重率从2012年的10.5%,增加到2017年的11.3%(χ2=87.776,P<0.01);肥胖年均增长率,男生4.4%,女生3.2%,男生肥胖率从2012年的12.2%,增加到2017年的15.1%(χ2=1 154.327,P<0.01),女生肥胖率从2012年的7.0%,增加到2017年的8.2%(χ2=359.986,P<0.01)。低年龄段(7～12岁)超重肥胖率高于高年龄段(13～17岁);超重肥胖率在经济相对高地区高于经济相对低地区。结论苏州学生超重肥胖检出率2017年较2012年增长明显,存在性别及年龄差异,结合地区人均生产总值可更好地评估不同经济条件下超重肥胖检出率的差异。     

武陵山区苗族中小学生营养状况分析

目的:了解武陵山区苗族中小学生营养现状,为制定相应防治措施提供依据。方法:应用人体测量法测量苗族学生的身高和体重,采用《中国学生7～22岁身高标准体重值》评价学生营养状况。结果:武陵山区苗族学生的超重率为12.72%,肥胖率为4.44%,营养不良率为7.00%。营养不良率女生明显高于男生,中学生高于小学生;超重肥胖率男生高于女生,小学生高于中学生。结论:武陵山区苗族学生的营养不良和营养过剩并存,中学女生的营养不良及小学生肥胖应成为重点关注问题。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.