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1.
Background
The nature of adolescent sub-syndromal depression has not been investigated in primary care.Aims
To document frequency, characteristics and 6 month outcome of sub-syndromal depression amongst adolescent primary care attenders.Method
Primary care attenders (13–18 years) completed depression screening questionnaires (Mood and Feelings Questionnaires) at consultation and at 6 month follow-up. Those screening positive were interviewed with the K-SADS. Sub-syndromal depression was defined as high levels of depressive symptoms in the absence of depressive disorder.Results
Two hundred and seventy four questionnaires were completed at consultation: the estimated rate of sub-syndromal depression was 25 %. These young people were clinically intermediary between those without depressive symptoms and those with depressive disorder; at 6-months follow-up 57 % had persistent depressive symptoms and 12 % had developed a depressive disorder. Negative life events during the follow-up period and a positive family history of depression were the strongest predictors of symptom persistence and the development of depressive disorder, respectively.Conclusion
Sub-syndromal depression is common and persistent, in adolescent primary care attenders and it deserves attention. 相似文献2.
Vicki S. Helgeson Ph.D. Dianne K. Palladino M.S. Kerry A. Reynolds Ph.D. Dorothy Becker M.B.B.Ch. Oscar Escobar M.D. Linda Siminerio Ph.D. 《Annals of behavioral medicine》2014,47(3):270-279
Background
Emerging adulthood is a high-risk period for mental health problems and risk behaviors for youth generally and for physical health problems among those with type 1 diabetes.Purpose
The purpose of this study was to examine whether adolescents’ relationships with parents and friends predict health and risk behaviors during emerging adulthood.Method
Youth with and without diabetes were enrolled at average age 12 and followed for 7 years. Parent and friend relationship variables, measured during adolescence, were used to predict emerging adulthood outcomes: depression, risk behavior, and, for those with diabetes, diabetes outcomes.Results
Parent relationship quality predicted decreased depressive symptoms and, for those with diabetes, decreased alcohol use. Parent control predicted increased smoking, reduced college attendance, and, for control participants, increased depressive symptoms. For those with diabetes, parent control predicted decreased depressive symptoms and better self-care. Friend relationship variables predicted few outcomes.Conclusions
Adolescent parent relationships remain an important influence on emerging adults’ lives. 相似文献3.
Charlotte McKercher Kristy Sanderson Michael D. Schmidt Petr Otahal George C. Patton Terence Dwyer Alison J. Venn 《Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology》2014,49(11):1823-1834
Purpose
Little is known about how physical activity patterns during childhood and adolescence are associated with risk of subsequent depression. We examined prospective and retrospective associations between leisure physical activity patterns from childhood to adulthood and risk of clinical depression in young adulthood.Methods
Participants (759 males, 871 females) in a national survey, aged 9–15 years, were re-interviewed approximately 20 years later. Leisure physical activity was self-reported at baseline (1985) and follow-up (2004–2006). To bridge the interval between the two time-points, historical leisure activity from age 15 years to adulthood was self-reported retrospectively at follow-up. Physical activity was categorized into groups that, from a public health perspective, compared patterns that were least beneficial (persistently inactive) with those increasingly beneficial (decreasing, increasing and persistently active). Depression (major depressive or dysthymic disorder) was assessed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview.Results
Compared with those persistently inactive, males who were increasingly and persistently active had a 69 and 65 % reduced risk of depression in adulthood, respectively (all p < 0.05). In retrospective analyses, females who were persistently active had a 51 % reduced risk of depression in adulthood (p = 0.01). Similar but non-significant trends were observed for leisure physical activity in females and historical leisure activity in males. Results excluded those with childhood onset of depression and were adjusted for various sociodemographic and health covariates.Conclusions
Findings from both prospective and retrospective analyses indicate a beneficial effect of habitual discretionary physical activity since childhood on risk of depression in young adulthood. 相似文献4.
Katerina Koutra Leda Chatzi Manolis Bagkeris Maria Vassilaki Panos Bitsios Manolis Kogevinas 《Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology》2013,48(8):1335-1345
Purpose
A growing body of evidence links poor maternal mental health with negative outcomes on early child development. We examined the effect of antenatal and postnatal maternal mental health on infant neurodevelopment at age 18 months in a population-based mother–child cohort (Rhea Study) in Crete, Greece.Methods
Self-reported measures of maternal depression (EPDS), trait anxiety (STAI-Trait) and personality traits (EPQ-R) were assessed in a sample of women during pregnancy and at 8 weeks postpartum (n = 223). An additional sample of 247 mothers also completed the EPDS scale at 8 weeks postpartum (n = 470). Neurodevelopment at 18 months was assessed with the use of Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (3rd edition).Results
Multivariable linear regression models adjusted for confounders revealed that antenatal depressive symptoms (EPDS ≥ 13) were associated with decrease in cognitive development independently of postnatal depression. High trait anxiety and extraversion were associated with decrease and increase, respectively, in social–emotional development. Also, high trait anxiety and neuroticism had a positive effect on infants’ expressive communication. Finally, postpartum depressive symptoms (EPDS ≥ 13) were associated with decrease in cognitive and fine motor development independently of antenatal depression.Conclusions
These findings suggest that antenatal and postnatal maternal psychological well-being has important consequences on early child neurodevelopment. 相似文献5.
Siyan Yi Krishna C. Poudel Junko Yasuoka Songky Yi Paula H. Palmer Masamine Jimba 《Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology》2013,48(3):397-405
Purpose
In spite of the apparent increases in family and community violence, research into its effects on adolescent mental health has received limited attention in Cambodia. This study examines the association between exposure to violence and depressive symptoms among adolescents controlling for the effects of several factors in family and school domains.Methods
We randomly selected 993 male and 950 female students proportionally from 11 junior high schools and high schools in Battembang provincial city. Students were questioned about the violence to which they were subjected and which they witnessed in their family and community. The Asian Adolescent Depression Scale was used to measure depressive symptoms.Results
In this study, 27.9 % of male students and 21.5 % of female students had been victimized in at least one case of family violence, while 18.0 % of male and 5.8 % of female students had been victimized in at least one case of community violence. After adjustment, increased levels of depressive symptoms were significantly associated with being the victim of or witnessing family or community violence among both male and female students. However, the positive association between the levels of depressive symptoms and being a witness to community violence was found only in female students.Conclusions
Efforts to prevent depression in adolescent students should focus on reducing family and community violence; such efforts should also consider gender differences. 相似文献6.
Jurgita Narusyte Annina Ropponen Kristina Alexanderson Pia Svedberg 《Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology》2017,52(9):1159-1168
Background
There is limited information regarding the association between youth mental health problems and work incapacity in adulthood. We investigated whether internalizing (depressive, anxious, somatic complaints) and externalizing (aggressive, rule-breaking) behavior problems in childhood and adolescence were associated with sickness absence (SA) and disability pension (DP) in young adulthood.Methods
Data were used from the population-based and prospective Twin Study of Child and Adolescent Development (TCHAD) which includes all Swedish twins born in 1985–1986 (N = 2570). Internalizing and externalizing behavior problems were assessed with the Child Behavior Checklist at ages of 8–9, 13–14, 16–17, and 19–20 years. Individuals participating in TCHAD were followed regarding SA and DP during 2001–2013 using nationwide registers. Cox regression models were applied to assess hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).Results
Each one-unit increase of rule-breaking behavior implied a significant higher risk for SA in early adulthood, despite of age at assessment, with the highest HR of 1.12 (95% CI 1.05–1.19) at age of 8–9 years. Higher levels of anxious and depressive symptoms in childhood and adolescence were associated with DP in early adulthood despite age at assessment, with the highest risk at age 19–20 years [HR 1.31 (95% CI 1.12–1.53)]. The associations attenuated slightly when familial factors were taken into account.Conclusions
Internalizing and externalizing behavior problems identified at an early age (8–9 years) increased risk for SA and DP in young adulthood. These findings indicate that early prevention and intervention efforts to reduce behavior problems may promote a successful start in working life.7.
Ian M. Kronish M.D. M.P.H. Nina Rieckmann Ph.D. Matthew M. Burg Ph.D. Carmela Alcántara Ph.D. Karina W. Davidson Ph.D. 《Annals of behavioral medicine》2014,47(2):158-164
Background
Depression is associated with poor adherence to medications and worse prognosis in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).Purpose
To determine whether cognitive, behavioral, and/or psychosocial vulnerabilities for depression explain the association between depression and medication adherence among ACS patients.Methods
One hundred sixty-nine ACS patients who agreed to have their aspirin adherence measured using an electronic pill bottle for 3 months were enrolled within 1 week of hospitalization. Linear regression was used to determine whether depression vulnerabilities predicted aspirin adherence after adjustment for depressive symptoms, demographics, and comorbidity.Results
Of the depression vulnerabilities, only role transitions (beta?=??3.32; P?=?0.02) and interpersonal conflict (beta -3.78; P?=?0.03) predicted poor adherence. Depression vulnerabilities did not mediate the association between depressive symptoms and medication adherence.Conclusions
Key elements of the psychosocial context preceding the ACS including major role transitions and conflict with close contacts place ACS patients at increased risk for poor medication adherence independent of depressive symptoms. 相似文献8.
Ahmed K. Ibrahim Shona J. Kelly Cris Glazebrook 《Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology》2013,48(9):1491-1501
Background
Many university students experience some symptoms of depression during the course of their studies but there is evidence that students from less advantaged backgrounds may be more vulnerable.Methods
The study was a cross-sectional online survey of 923 undergraduate students attending 6 UK Universities in the academic year 2009–2010 who completed a modified version of the Zagazig Depression Scale (ZDS).Results
Overall, 58.1 % of female and 59.9 % of male study participants screened positive for depression (ZDS score >10). In the fully adjusted model, final year students (OR = 1.8) who lived in a more deprived area (OR = 2.3) were more likely to report higher rates of depressive symptoms. Additionally, students with high perceived control (OR = 1.6) whose mothers were highly educated (OR = 0.5) and from a family of a high affluence (OR = 0.3) were less likely to suffer from higher rates of depressive symptoms. The relationship between lower social economic status and depression was partly mediated by low sense of control.Conclusion
Students from less advantaged backgrounds are more at risk of depression but a strong sense of control over one’s life may be protective.Application
Since depression has strong impact on students’ learning and quality of life universities should consider confidential screening for mental health problems and provide additional support for students. 相似文献9.
Paul L. Plener Constanze J. Fischer Tina In-Albon Brigitte Rollett Mary K. Nixon Rebecca C. Groschwitz Marc Schmid 《Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology》2013,48(9):1439-1445
Purpose
Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) has been recognized as a significant mental health problem in adolescence with high prevalence rates. To date, there are few studies that compare rates of adolescent NSSI between different countries. Thus far no prevalence rates of adolescent NSSI have been reported for Austrian or Swiss community samples.Methods
This study aimed to assess and compare rates of adolescent NSSI in school samples from Austria, Germany and Switzerland using the same assessment instrument (Ottawa Self-Injury Inventory; OSI).Results
Within these countries, 6-month prevalence rates between 7.6 and 14.6 % were found, with rates showing significant differences between countries (χ² = 16.54, p = 0.02).Conclusions
These results demonstrate with some variability the significant rates of NSSI in youth in a cross-country study. 相似文献10.
Marit Skrove Pål Romundstad Marit S. Indredavik 《Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology》2013,48(3):407-416
Purpose
This study investigated the symptoms of anxiety and depression in adolescence, their associations with lifestyle and resilience and the possibility that resilience factors can attenuate the associations between unhealthy lifestyle and symptoms of anxiety and depression.Methods
Adolescents (n = 7,639) aged 13–18 years completed a questionnaire regarding lifestyle and health. Symptoms of anxiety and depression were measured by the SCL-5, a five-item shortened version of the Hopkins Symptom Checklist. Resilience factors included questions on friends and family relations and two sub-scales of the Resilience Scale for Adolescents; Family cohesion and Social competence.Results
Of the total population, 13 % reported symptoms of anxiety and depression. Resilience characteristics were associated with lower symptom levels (ORs ranging from 0.2 to 0.6), and substance use and infrequent physical activity with higher symptom levels (ORs ranging from 2.1 to 4.0). The associations with substance use were strengthened by social competence, but attenuated by family cohesion. The association with physical activity was attenuated by both social competence and family cohesion.Conclusion
Symptoms of anxiety and depression were frequent in adolescents and were associated with unhealthy lifestyle factors as substance use and low physical activity. Resilience characteristics seemed to protect against symptoms and markedly influenced the associations between lifestyle factors and symptoms of anxiety and depression. The importance of family and other supportive relationships should be emphasized in treatment and prevention of anxiety and depression in adolescence. 相似文献11.
Jonsson U Goodman A von Knorring AL von Knorring L Koupil I 《Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology》2012,47(10):1695-1706
Purpose
Both “social causation” and “social selection” offer plausible explanations for an association between education and mental health. We aimed to explore these processes in unipolar depression, with a specific focus on school performance and family tradition of education.Method
Grandchildren (N?=?28,089, 49% female, aged 13–47?years in 2002) of a cohort born in Uppsala, Sweden, in 1915–1929 were studied in national registers. We obtained data on final grade point average (GPA) in compulsory school, hospitalizations for unipolar depression, grandparental/parental education and other parental social characteristics. Hospitalization in adolescence and adulthood were studied separately, as were hospitalization for depression with or without a lifetime externalizing disorder.Results
Low compulsory school GPA (1–2 SD or >2 SD below average vs. average GPA) was associated with increased rate of adolescent hospitalization for unipolar depression, both with externalizing comorbidity [hazard ratio (HR) point estimates of 66–80] and without (HR point estimates of 4–6). By contrast, low GPA was only associated with first-time hospitalization in adulthood for the subgroup with externalizing comorbidity (HR point estimates of 4–6). These associations were largely independent of family education and social characteristics. Overall, low parental/grandparental education was not related to increased rates of hospitalization.Conclusion
The association between school performance and hospitalization for depression depended on adolescent hospitalization or externalizing comorbidity, suggesting that disorders with an early onset are decisive. Contrary to the social patterning of many health outcomes, low grandparental/parental education did not appear to increase the rate of hospitalization for unipolar depression in the offspring. 相似文献12.
Chong-Wen Wang Cecilia L. W. Chan Rainbow T. H. Ho 《Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology》2013,48(11):1697-1720
Aims
The goal of this paper was to systematically review evidence on (1) the potential magnitude of the psychopathological impacts of community-wide disasters on child and adolescent survivors, and (2) the long-term course or trajectory of disaster-induced psychopathology among children and adolescents.Methods
The PubMed/MEDLINE and PsycINFO databases were searched from their respective inception through December 2011. All of the resulting epidemiological studies of child and adolescent survivors following community-wide disasters were examined.Results
Sixty cross-sectional studies and 25 longitudinal or long-term follow-up studies were identified. The estimated rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression among child and adolescent survivors varied greatly across the included studies, ranging from 1.0 to 95 % and 1.6 to 81 %, respectively, while the reported rates of diagnosable PTSD according to the DSM-IV criteria and diagnosable depression ranged from 1.0 to 60 % and 1.6 to 33 %, respectively. The long-term courses of psychopathology among youthful survivors were summarized. Methodological issues with those studies were discussed.Conclusions
The empirical findings summarized in this review highlight the importance of psychosocial intervention at early postdisaster stages for child and adolescent survivors. The methodological flaws revealed by this review indicate the need for continued attempts to better understand the epidemiology and trajectory of psychopathological problems among youthful survivors. 相似文献13.
Yan Ye Fang Fan Lingyan Li Qingguo Han 《Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology》2014,49(6):943-952
Objective
To investigate the trajectory of depressive symptoms among adolescents exposed to the Wenchuan earthquake as well as predictors after the earthquake.Methods
A cohort of students (N = 1,573) in the 7th and 10th grades from Dujiangyan city was followed-up periodically for 2 years. Participants were assessed at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months after the earthquake. Adolescents completed the Depression Self-rating Scale for Children, Adolescent Self-Rating Life Event Checklist, Resilience Scale, and earthquake exposure questionnaire.Results
The prevalence rates of depressive symptoms at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months were 27.4, 41, 31.9, and 38.3 %, respectively. The number of adolescents who kept no depressive symptoms and persistent depressive symptoms at each stage was stable, accounted for almost 50 and 20 % of the total, respectively. Adolescents turning no depressive symptoms to depressive symptoms were mostly in 6–12 months, followed by 18–24 months. Additionally, girls (OR 1.24–1.37), post-disaster negative life events (OR for high vs. low = 5.54–15.06), resilience (OR for low vs. high = 9.40–13.69), and depressive symptoms at previous stage (OR 4.96–6.03) had a long-term effect on depressive symptoms, while the impact of earthquake exposure diminished with the passage of time and could not predict depressive symptoms after one and a half years after the earthquake.Conclusions
Among adolescent survivors, the resistance and persistence of depressive symptoms were common. Moreover, depressive symptoms tended to outbreak close to the anniversary date, showing the anniversary reaction. Adolescent girls, adolescents who encountered high levels of life events, had low levels of resilience and a history of depressive symptoms should be provided with psychological intervention. 相似文献14.
Stephen E. Gilman Martha L. Bruce Thomas Ten Have George S. Alexopoulos Benoit H. Mulsant Charles F. Reynolds III Alex Cohen 《Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology》2013,48(1):59-69
Purpose
Depression and suicide are major public health concerns, and are often unrecognized among the elderly. This study investigated social inequalities in depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation among older adults.Methods
Data come from 1,226 participants in PROSPECT (Prevention of Suicide in Primary Care Elderly: Collaborative Trial), a large primary care-based intervention trial for late-life depression. Linear and logistic regressions were used to analyze depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation over the 2-year follow-up period.Results
Mean Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) scores were significantly higher among participants in financial strain [regression coefficient (b) = 1.78, 95 % confidence interval (CI) = 0.67–2.89] and with annual incomes below $20,000 (b = 1.67, CI = 0.34–3.00). Financial strain was also associated with a higher risk of suicidal ideation (odds ratio = 2.35, CI = 1.38–3.98).Conclusions
There exist marked social inequalities in depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation among older adults attending primary care practices, the setting in which depression is most commonly treated. Our results justify continued efforts to understand the mechanisms generating such inequalities and to recognize and provide effective treatments for depression among high-risk populations. 相似文献15.
Ada Ávila Assunção Carla Jorge Machado Hugo Alejandro Cano Prais Tânia Maria de Araújo 《Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology》2014,49(8):1219-1229
Purpose
Prevalence of depressive disorders has been reported among physicians in a number of different settings. The aim of the present study is to assess the prevalence of self-reported depression and its associated factors among physicians working in the public healthcare system of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais state, Brazil.Methods
A cross-sectional survey was carried out in 2009 to investigate individual and occupational dimensions of depressive disorders in a group of physicians working at several municipal healthcare units. The percentage of physicians that self-reported a confirmed diagnosis of depression by another physician was used as the prevalence proportion; the Poisson regression univariate and multivariate models were applied to study factors associated with depression.Results
The response rate was 81.2 %, of which 12.0 % reported depression confirmed by another physician. Reports of RSI/WMSD (p < 0.001) and passive work (p < 0.05) were positively and independently associated with the outcome.Conclusions
Our data bring valuable information that may help guide interventions and health-promoting activities for physicians by indicating concrete measures to change working conditions that affect mental health. 相似文献16.
Les B. Whitbeck Kelley J. Sittner Hartshorn Devan M. Crawford Melissa L. Walls Kari C. Gentzler Dan R. Hoyt 《Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology》2014,49(6):961-973
Objective
Our objective was to investigate change in prevalence rates for mental and substance abuse disorders between early adolescence and young adulthood in a cohort of indigenous adolescents who participated in an 8-year panel study.Method
The data are from a lagged, sequential study of 671 indigenous adolescents (Wave 1) from a single culture in the Northern Midwest USA and Canada. At Wave 1 (mean age 11.3 years, Wave 4 (mean age 14.3 years), Wave 6 (mean age 16.2 years), and at Wave 8 (mean age 18.3 years) the tribally enrolled adolescents completed a computer-assisted personal interview that included DISC-R assessment for 11 diagnoses. Our yearly retention rates by diagnostic wave were: Wave 2, 94.7 %; Wave 4, 87.7 %; Wave 6, 88.0 %; Wave 8, 78.5 %.Results
The findings show a dramatic increase in lifetime prevalence rates for substance use disorders. By young adulthood, over half had met criteria of substance abuse or dependence disorder. Also at young adulthood, 58.2 % had met lifetime criteria of a single substance use or mental disorder and 37.2 % for two or more substance use or mental disorders. The results are compared to other indigenous diagnostic studies and to the general population.Conclusions
A mental health crisis exists within the indigenous populations that participated in this study. Innovations within current mental health service systems are needed to address the unmet demand of adolescents and families. 相似文献17.
Kara E. Rudolph Elizabeth A. Stuart Thomas A. Glass Kathleen R. Merikangas 《Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology》2014,49(3):467-475
Purpose
Inconsistent evidence of a relationship between neighborhood disadvantage and adolescent mental health may be, in part, attributable to heterogeneity based on urban or rural residence. Using the largest nationally representative survey of US adolescent mental health available, we estimated the association between neighborhood disadvantage and adolescent emotional disorders and the extent to which urbanicity modified this association.Methods
The National Comorbidity Survey Replication Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A) sampled adolescents aged 13–17 years (N = 10,123). Households were geocoded to Census tracts. Using a propensity score approach that addresses bias from non-random selection of individuals into neighborhoods, logistic regression models were used to estimate the relative odds of having a DSM-IV emotional disorder (any past-year anxiety disorder, major depressive disorder or dysthymia) comparing similar adolescents living in disadvantaged versus non-disadvantaged neighborhoods in urban center, urban fringe, and non-urban areas.Results
The association between neighborhood disadvantage and emotional disorder was more than twice as large for adolescents living in urban centers versus non-urban areas. In urban centers, living in a disadvantaged neighborhood was associated with 59 % (95 % confidence interval 25–103) increased adjusted odds of emotional disorder.Conclusions
Urbanicity modifies the relationship between neighborhood disadvantage and emotional disorder in adolescents. This effect modification may explain why evidence of a relationship between neighborhood disadvantage and adolescent mental health has been inconsistent. Recognizing the joint influence of neighborhood socioeconomic context and urbanicity may improve specificity in identifying relevant neighborhood processes. 相似文献18.
Wenche Langfjord Mangerud Ottar Bjerkeset Stian Lydersen Marit Sæbø Indredavik 《Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health》2014,8(1):1-10
Background
Adults who suffer from psychiatric disorders report low levels of physical activity and the activity levels differ between disorders. Less is known regarding physical activity across psychiatric disorders in adolescence. We investigate the frequency and type of physical activity in adolescent psychiatric patients, compared with adolescents in the general population.Methods
A total of 566 adolescent psychiatric patients aged 13–18 years who participated in the CAP survey, Norway, were compared to 8173 adolescents aged 13–19 years who participated in the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study, Young-HUNT 3, Norway. All adolescents completed a questionnaire, including questions about physical activity and participation in team and individual sports.Results
Approximately 50% of adolescents with psychiatric disorders and 25% of the population sample reported low levels of physical activity. Within the clinical sample, those with mood disorders (62%) and autism spectrum disorders (56%) were the most inactive and those with eating disorders (36%) the most active. This pattern was the same in individual and team sports. After multivariable adjustment, adolescents with a psychiatric disorder had a three-fold increased risk of lower levels of physical activity, and a corresponding risk of not participating in team and individual sports compared with adolescents in the general population.Conclusions
Levels of physical activity were low in adolescent psychiatric patients compared with the general population, yet activity levels differed considerably between various disorders. The findings underscore the importance of assessing physical activity in adolescents with psychiatric disorders and providing early intervention to promote mental as well as physical health in this early stage of life. 相似文献19.
Sarah A. Sullivan Andy Thompson Daphne Kounali Glyn Lewis Stan Zammit 《Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology》2017,52(6):643-655
Purpose
To investigate the longitudinal associations between social cognitive ability an external locus of control (externality) and adolescent psychopathology.Methods
7058 participants from a prospective population-based cohort provided data on externality, social communication, and emotion perception between 7 and 16 years and psychotic experiences and depressive symptoms at 12 and 18 years. Bivariate probit modelling was used to investigate associations between these risk factors and psychopathological outcomes.Results
Externality was associated with psychopathology at 12 (psychotic experiences OR 1.23 95% CI 1.14, 1.33; depression OR 1.12 95% CI 1.02, 1.22) and 18 years (psychotic experiences OR 1.38 95% CI 1.23, 1.55; depression OR 1.40 95% CI 1.28, 1.52). Poor social communication was associated with depression at both ages (12 years OR 1.22 95% CI 1.11, 1.34; 18 years OR 1.21 95% CI 1.10, 1.33) and marginally associated with psychotic experiences. There was marginal evidence of a larger association between externality and psychotic experiences at 12 years (p?=?0.06) and between social communication and depression at 12 years (p?=?0.03).Conclusions
Externality was more strongly associated with psychotic experiences. At 18 years change in externality, between 8 and 16 years were associated with a larger increase in the risk of depression. Poor social communication was more strongly associated with depression.20.