Relationship between corneal hysteresis and optic nerve parameters measured with spectral domain optical coherence tomography

Background

Corneal hysteresis (CH) has been associated with visual field damage in glaucoma and is related to the velocity of perimetric glaucoma progression. We undertook this investigation to determine whether CH is associated with structural markers of glaucoma damage on spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).

Methods

In this retrospective study, 131 patients under glaucoma evaluation were evaluated with SD-OCT (Cirrus; Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA) and had CH measurements with the ocular response analyzer (Reichert, Inc., Buffalo, NY). Pearson and partial correlation adjusting for age were preformed to examine the association between CH and variables of interest. Generalized estimating equations were used to construct simple and multiple linear models.

Results

While Pearson correlations were modest overall, CH best correlated with mean deviation (MD; r?=?0.19) followed by average retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness (r?=?0.18) and vertical cup to disc ratio (r?=??0.11) in the open angle glaucoma group. In univariable models, CH varied as a function of MD (ß?=?0.1, 95 % CI 0.03, 0.1; p?<?0.001) and of average RNFL thickness (ß?=?0.2, 95 % CI 0.1, 0.4; p?=?0.001). In a multivariable analysis including MD, age, average RNFL thickness, and glaucoma status, MD (p?=?0.001) and age (p?<?0.001) retained significant associations with CH.

Conclusions

In patients under evaluation and treatment for glaucoma, CH was more closely related to visual field MD than to structural markers of glaucoma damage as measured by SD-OCT.     

Anterior-segment spectral domain optical coherence tomography in epidermolysis bullosa

PurposeAssess epidermolysis bullosa (EB)-related corneal pathology using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) and correlate imaging with clinical metrics in EB patients versus age-matched controls.MethodsEB patients and controls were recruited during an EB conference (July 2018) and at Tufts Medical Center (June–August 2019). Subjects completed a questionnaire, had best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) tested, and underwent AS-OCT scanning. Stromal and epithelial thickness were measured. Depth, length, and type of the three largest lesions were assessed by a masked examiner using a novel pathology grading system. Multivariate analysis of AS-OCT findings and clinical metrics was performed.Results62 EB patients and 60 age-matched controls were enrolled. Mean BCVA was 1.8 lines worse in patients (p < 0.001). Vision loss was associated with increased stromal thickness. Discrete lesions were seen in 60.2% of patient eyes, averaging 1.71 ± 1.75 lesions in patients and 0.14 ± 0.42 in controls (p < 0.001). Mean primary lesion depth was 151.88 ± 97.49 μm in patients. Patients showed significant stromal thickening versus controls and lesions were most common in the periphery and inferiorly. Differences in frequency and duration of abrasions and severity of pain were all statistically and clinically significant in patients versus controls (p < 0.001).ConclusionsAS-OCT can visualize and quantify differences in the corneas of EB patients compared with age-matched controls. Novel findings include quantification of average depth, length, and severity of discrete lesions, and sparing of the superior quadrant from stromal thickening in EB patients. These results support use of AS-OCT and a questionnaire in clinical trials for new EB therapies.     

Morphological and functional changes in spectral domain optical coherence tomography and microperimetry in macular microhole variants: spectral domain optical coherence tomography and microperimetry correlation

Purpose:

To evaluate the relationship between the morphology and retinal function of macular microhole (MMH) variants.

Materials and Methods:

We evaluated 12 eyes of 11 patients with defects in the IS/OS junction of photoreceptor layer with SD-OCT. All patients underwent comprehensive ophthalmic examination including spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and microperimetry.

Results:

The mean logMAR visual acuity in the affected eye was 0.15 ± 0.17 (range 0.00–0.5). Mean horizontal diameter of the MMH was 163 ± 99 μm; the mean retinal sensitivity in the area corresponding to the MMH was 13.79 ± 4.6 dB. Negative correlation was found between the MMH diameter and the retinal sensitivity (r = -0.65, p = 0.02). Three morphological patterns of MMH variants were recognized on SD-OCT, which did not differ in retinal sensitivities.

Conclusion:

We described and classified the MMH variants and made an assessment on the physiological functions using microperimeter.     

频域OCT测量正常学龄期儿童黄斑区视网膜厚度

目的　应用频域ＯＣＴ测量正常学龄期儿童的黄斑区视网膜厚度。方法　选取６～１２岁儿童１０８人,以最佳矫正远视力≥１．０、最佳矫正近视力Ｊｒ１、球镜屈光度范围（－１．００～＋１．００Ｄ）、柱镜屈光度范围（－１．００～＋１．００Ｄ）为纳入标准,最终选取２１３眼。应用ＣｉｒｒｕｓＨＤ-ＯＣＴ的２００×２００扫描模式和５１２×２１８扫描模式对受试者双眼黄斑区视网膜进行检查,测量黄斑中心视网膜厚度（ｃｅｎｔｒａｌｓｕｂｆｉｅｌｄｔｈｉｃｋｎｅｓｓ,ＣＳＴ）、黄斑区视网膜容积（ｍａｃｕｌａｒｖｏｌｕｍｅ,ＭＶ）、黄斑区平均视网膜厚度（ａｖｅｒａｇｅｍａｃｕｌａｒｔｈｉｃｋｎｅｓｓ,ＡＭＴ）及九分区模式视网膜厚度。结果　两种扫描模式下黄斑区视网膜厚度值差异均无统计学意义（均为Ｐ＞０．０５）。左右眼差异无统计学意义（均为Ｐ＞０．０５）。男童ＣＳＴ（２４０．６８±１６．５７）μｍ厚于女童（２３４．５１±１８．６５）μｍ（Ｐ＝０．０４０）,且男童内环各分区视网膜厚度均厚于女童（均为Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论　本研究应用ＨＤ-ＯＣＴ测量正常儿童ＡＭＴ,为确定国人学龄期儿童ＡＭＴ正常值及疾病诊断提供参考,提示临床注意性别差异。     

Evaluation of spectral domain optical coherence tomography parameters in discriminating preperimetric glaucoma from high myopia

AIM: To evaluate the diagnostic ability of macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness obtained by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in discriminating non-highly myopic eyes with preperimetric glaucoma (PPG) from highly myopic healthy eyes. METHODS: A total of 254 eyes, including 76 normal controls (NC), 116 eyes with high myopia (HM) and 62 non-highly myopic eyes with PPG were enrolled. The diagnostic ability of OCT parameters was accessed by the areas under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve in two distinguishing groups: PPG eyes with non-glaucomatous eyes including NC and HM (Group 1), and PPG eyes with HM eyes (Group 2). Differences in diagnostic performance between GCIPL and RNFL parameters were evaluated. RESULTS: The minimum (AUROC curve of 0.782), inferotemporal (0.758) and inferior (0.705) GCIPL thickness were the top three GCIPL parameters in discriminating PPG from non-glaucomatous eyes, all of which had statistically significant lower diagnostic ability than average RNFL thickness (0.847). In discriminating PPG from HM, the best GCIPL parameter was minimum (0.689), statistically significant lower in diagnostic ability than average RNFL thickness (0.789) and three other RNFL thickness parameters of temporal and inferotemporal clock-hour sectors. CONCLUSION: The minimum GCIPL thickness is the best GCIPL parameter to detect non-highly myopic PPG from highly myopic eyes, whose diagnostic ability is inferior to that of average RNFL thickness and RNFL thickness of several temporal and inferotemporal clock-hour sectors. The average RNFL thickness is recommended for discriminating PPG from highly myopic healthy eyes in current clinical practice in a Chinese population.     

Glaucoma masqueraders: Diagnosis by spectral domain optical coherence tomography

BackgroundAdvances in optic nerve and retinal imaging have dramatically changed the care of glaucoma patients, complementing the importance of the clinical exam of the optic nerve and automated perimetry in making the diagnosis of glaucoma. Computerized imaging, however, does not replace the clinical exam, as there can be overlap in the appearance of non-glaucomatous optic neuropathies with glaucoma.MethodsThe spectral domain optic coherence tomography (SD-OCT) images of five patients with non-glaucomatous optic nerve pathology are presented.CasesThe first patient had bilateral temporal thinning on OCT imaging and subsequent positive syphilis testing. The second patient had a glaucomatous-appearing inferior arcuate scotoma and associated superior thinning on OCT; these findings were due to buried optic nerve head drusen, clearly appreciated on OCT of the optic nerve head. Bilateral diffuse macular thinning, with preservation of the superior and inferior fiber bundles, was seen in the third patient, who had multiple sclerosis, with no clinical history of optic neuritis. Dense and marked thinning of a macular half, respecting the horizontal meridian, is seen in two patients, one patient with non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy and lastly, in a patient with hemi-retinal vein occlusion.ConclusionSD-OCT of the optic nerve and retina complements the essential clinical examination of patients with glaucomatous and non-glaucomatous optic neuropathies.     

Retinal nerve fiber layer measurement variability with spectral domain optical coherence tomography

Purpose

To evaluate the effect of the scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO) guided re-test mode on short- and long-term measurement variability of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness obtained by spectral domain-SLO optical coherence tomography (SD-SLO/OCT).

Methods

Seventy five healthy eyes were scanned 3 times per day (intra-session variability) by both the SLO guided re-test mode and the independent mode of SD-SLO/OCT. Subjects were scanned 3 times by both modes at visits within a 2-week interval (inter-session variability). For testing longitudinal variability, 3 separate exams were performed over 6 months by both modes. The coefficient of variation (CV), reproducibility coefficient (RC) and intraclass correlation coefficient of RNFL thickness were compared between the two modes.

Results

The intra-session RC and CV ranged from 5.4 to 12.9 microns and 1.76% to 5.72% when measured by independent mode and 5.4 to 12.5 microns and 1.75% to 5.58% by re-test mode, respectively. The inter-session RC and CV ranged from 5.8 to 13.3 microns and 1.89% to 5.78% by independent mode and 5.8 to 12.7 microns and 1.90% to 5.54% by re-test mode, respectively. Intra-session and inter-session variability measurements were not significantly different between the two modes. The longitudinal RC and CV ranged from 8.5 to 19.2 microns and 2.79% to 7.08% by independent mode and 7.5 to 14.4 microns and 2.33% to 6.22% by re-test mode, respectively. Longitudinal measurement variability was significantly lower when measured by the re-test mode compared to the independent mode (average, p = 0.011).

Conclusions

The SLO guided re-test mode for RNFL thickness measurement in SD-SLO/OCT employing a tracking system improved long-term reproducibility by reducing variability induced by inconsistent scan circle placement.     

A case of ocular toxoplasmosis imaged with spectral domain optical coherence tomography

A 54-year-old man presented with blurred central vision in the right eye of two weeks' duration. On presentation, visual acuity was 40 / 50 in the right eye and fundus examination showed a whitish-yellow inflammatory lesion near an atrophic, pigmented retinochoroidal scar located in the superotemporal quadrant. Serologic assessment was negative for IgM, but serum IgG to toxoplasma was elevated. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) revealed increased reflectivity from the inner retinal layer, retinal thickening, and choroidal shadowing while focal posterior hyaloid thickening and detachment were observed in the new lesion. He was treated with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, clindamycin, and prednisone. SD-OCT is helpful for definitively differentiating ocular toxoplasmosis from other retinal diseases.     

频域OCT检查对黄斑水肿特点的分析

目的 通过频域OCT对黄斑水肿形态进行观察,了解水肿程度及分布情况,并分析水肿与视力的相关性.方法 选取患黄斑水肿患者25例29只眼,病例包括视网膜中央静脉阻塞所致为8例8只眼,视网膜分支静脉阻塞7例7只眼,葡萄膜炎4例4只眼,糖尿病性视网膜病变6例10只眼.年龄52-83(64.76±8.30)岁.最佳矫正视力(BCVA)0.05～1.0(0.35±0.12).利用最新一代频域RTVueFD-OCT对黄斑区进行扫描.结果 黄斑区15°范围内神经上皮厚度(453.00±103.12)μm,其中各区域神经上皮层厚度为:中心凹(533.10±115.23)μm,旁中心区(488.93±89.71)μm,中心凹边缘区(397.05±83.52)μm.不同区域神经上皮层厚度比较差异有统计学意义(F=2.937,P<0.01),黄斑区中心凹区神经上皮层厚度与中心凹边缘区神经上皮层厚度比较差异有统计学意义(与上、下、鼻、颞侧比较结果P<0.01,以中心凹区最厚,依次为下、上、颞、鼻侧边缘区).而中心凹神经上皮层厚度与旁中心凹区神经上皮层厚度比较差异无统计学意义与上、下、鼻、颞侧比较结果P>0.05.患者BCVA与中心凹神经上皮层厚度间存在负相关关系(r=-0.784,P<0.01),与旁中心凹区神经上皮层厚度间无相关关系(r=-0.134,P>0.05),与中心凹边缘区神经上皮层厚度间无相关关系(r=.275,P>0.05).结论 频域OCT能够精确地对黄斑水肿进行活体组织学成像,具有简便、非侵入性、重复性好等特点.