腓骨骨膜瓣重建跟腓韧带治疗慢性踝关节不稳疗效观察

目的观察腓骨骨膜瓣翻转重建跟腓韧带治疗慢性踝关节不稳的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2012-03—2014-08采用腓骨骨膜瓣翻转重建跟腓韧带治疗慢性踝关节不稳15例。根据术前应力位X线片明确为距腓前韧带及跟腓韧带损伤,采用腓骨骨膜瓣翻转重建跟腓韧带。术后12个月进行AOFAS踝关节功能评分、前抽屉试验和内翻应力位试验,同时观察应力位X线片上距骨倾斜角的变化情况。结果 15例术后均获得随访12~38个月,平均18.6个月。术后1例出现腓浅神经损伤。术后踝关节不稳、肿胀、疼痛均缓解,内固定锚钉稳固,2例踝关节背伸活动轻度受限。术前距骨倾斜角为(15.6±4.4)°,术后12个月距骨倾斜角为(7.4±2.6)°,差异有统计学意义(t=6.930,P=0.026)。术后12个月AOFAS评分由术前(43.5±6.9)分增加至(69.8±7.1)分,差异有统计学意义(t=-3.230,P=0.032)。结论腓骨骨膜瓣翻转重建跟腓韧带在慢性踝关节不稳的治疗中可取得较为满意的效果,其优势在于创伤较小,在不破坏正常肌腱的情况下达到解剖重建。     

腓骨膜瓣反转移位重建陈旧断裂的外踝韧带

我院自1994～1998年收治陈旧性外踝韧带断裂病人30例,应用腓骨膜瓣反转移位,重建踝关节稳定性,收到良好效果. 1 临床资料 本组30例,均为男性.年龄18～26岁,平均21岁.伤后时间10月～5年,平均2年11月.均为足内翻位踝关节扭伤.5例早期采用踝关节外翻位石膏固定,其余早期采用按摩、冷敷、外敷膏药等治疗,均遗留有踝关节不稳、复发性扭伤.28例反复扭伤在5次以上.术前足内翻位X线片显示,距骨倾斜角均大于12°,平均17.2°.距骨向前半脱位均大于6mm,平均10.3mm.     

腋动脉损伤致上臂筋膜室综合征一例

患者,男,23岁,3天前被人用水果刀刺伤左肩,在当地卫生所行清创缝合.当夜左上臂出现胀痛,且逐渐加重,遂来我院诊查,门诊以"伤口深部感染"收住外科.给抗生素治疗2天不见好转,且患肢出现麻木,转入我科.查体:体温37.8℃,血压120/75mmHg,左肩外侧三角肌区可见1cm长伤口,已缝合,无炎症.左肘关节被动屈曲位,上臂明显肿胀,触之坚硬,肱二头肌隆起部可触及搏动,左手苍白,皮温低,感觉减退.肘关节被动伸直时疼痛难忍,左侧桡动脉搏动较对侧减弱.据以上初步考虑为搏动性血肿致上臂筋膜室综合征.立即行切开减张术. 手术情况:切开上臂深筋膜,肱二头肌肌腹随即膨出,呈暗紫色,部分肌束断裂,将该肌牵开,即见搏动性肿物,包膜甚薄,迅猛膨出,破裂,大量暗红色血液及血块自内涌出,纱布压迫无效,改用拇指用力压迫腋部血管,出血暂被控制,上延切口至腋部,于高位分离出腋动脉,向下寻找,于腋动脉第三段外侧发现5mm纵行裂口,搏动出血.血管夹夹闭裂口两端,用8-0无创缝合线间断缝合8针,放血后无外渗,冲洗伤口,探查无其它损伤,原位缝合各组织,包扎伤口,长臂石膏托肘关节屈曲位固定.术中患者血压曾降至50/30mmHg,经补充全血及补液,血压回升至105/75mmHg.     

Modified Watson-Jones technique for chronic lateral ankle instability in athletes: Clinical and radiological mid- to long-term follow-up

Background

We clinically and radiologically assessed mid- to long-term follow-up of a group of patients treated with a modified Watson-Jones technique for chronic ankle instability.

Methods

Fourteen athletes were retrospectively evaluated with physical examination, and Tegner, Good and AOFAS scales; moreover, a 2-view stress, side-to-side X-ray, was performed.

Results

All patients were followed-up at a mean of 10.8 years. No one reported further ankle sprains. Mean Good scale value decreased from 3.7 to 1.6, while the Tegner scale decreased from 6.8 to 5.1; the mean AOFAS score was 92.2. Mean sagittal-plane ROM was 62.3° (4.9° S/S difference), while mean coronal-plane ROM was 25.5° (3.8° S/S difference). Mean X-ray talar tilt angle was 4.5° (0.1° S/S difference), while mean anterior drawer test angle was 5.4 mm (0.5 mm S/S difference).

Conclusions

The modified Watson-Jones procedure seems to be a reliable technique in providing satisfactory mid- to long-term clinical and radiological results.     

踝关节外侧结构重建治疗踝关节外侧不稳

目的：探讨踝关节外侧结构重建在治疗慢性踝关节外侧不稳中的作用。方法：回顾分析2005年7月至2008年1月收治的13例慢性踝关节不稳患者,男10例,女3例;年龄24～45岁,平均33岁。13例均采用自体半束腓骨短肌腱解剖重建距腓前韧带和跟腓韧带（Sammarco法）,手术前后按踝关节评分系统进行评分,评分项目包括稳定性、疼痛、活动能力、X线表现。结果：13例均获随访,时间6～32个月,平均16.4个月,患者踝关节评分在稳定性、疼痛、活动能力等方面均有所改善,踝关节评分由术前的平均（43.54±7.04）分提高至术后的（73.38±4.17）分,手术前后差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。全部患者对手术表示满意。结论：采用半束自体腓骨短肌腱解剖重建距腓前韧带及跟腓韧带的方法治疗踝关节外侧不稳,操作便利,对于以关节不稳为主要表现的患者,疗效确切。     

小切口解剖重建踝关节外侧韧带复合体治疗慢性外踝不稳的临床疗效

目的:探讨解剖重建踝关节外侧韧带复合体治疗慢性外踝不稳的临床疗效。方法:自2005年9月至2010年3月,采用解剖重建距腓前韧带及跟腓韧带手术治疗慢性外踝不稳29例,男24例,女5例;年龄15～35岁,平均24岁;病史7个月～10年,平均10个月。主要临床表现为踝关节反复扭伤。查体时29例均有踝关节的内翻增加以及距骨前移增加,内翻活动度比健侧平均增加(12.5±3.2)°。术中先在踝关节镜下处理关节内病变。移植物为自体股薄肌腱,距骨止点以锚钉在骨表面固定,移植物通过腓骨远端的骨隧道,跟骨止点以挤压钉在骨隧道内固定。术后通过观察患者症状的变化、距骨内翻和前移的程度改变以及影像学变化来评价疗效,并以AOFAS后足功能评分评价踝关节功能。结果:所有患者手术成功,无骨折及感染发生。所有患者获得随访,时间16～60个月,平均28个月。终末随访时无踝关节不稳定或活动受限。术后踝关节内翻角度比对侧增加值为(2.5±0.8)°,低于术前(t=12.3,P=0.012);距骨前移距离(3.5±0.8)mm,较术前(16.3±4.0)mm下降(t=18.6,P=0.002);距骨倾斜角(4.5±1.0)°,较术前(17.5±3.6)°下降(t=9.7,P=0.035);AOFAS后足功能评分(92.8±6.2)分,较术前(48.0±6.7)分升高(t=25.3,P=0.001)。所有患者无严重并发症出现,对疗效满意。结论:自体股薄肌腱移植解剖重建踝关节外侧韧带复合体的手术方式符合解剖学重建理念,手术创伤小,术后恢复快,无严重并发症。该手术临床效果可靠,术后踝关节稳定性恢复良好,踝关节功能明显改善。     

Lateral ankle and hindfoot instability: A new clinical based classification

Ankle sprains are one of the most common soft tissue injuries accounting for nearly 40% of sports injuries.There are large number of procedures for its treatment reported in the literature with largely good results.The ankle forms a functional unit with the subtalar joint.We present a new classification for peritalar lateral instability.There are two intents of this classification. Firstly, the classification demonstrates an assessment and treatment guideline for the many causes of peritalar lateral instability. The second use of the classification is for research purposes so that cohorts of patients can be accurately described and the efficacy of different operations in different groups can be properly assessed.     

Lateral ankle triad: the triple injury of ankle synovitis, lateral ankle instability, and peroneal tendon tear

Many articles have been published that discuss various lateral ankle injuries and specific lateral ankle pathology. The purpose of this article is to explore and present a specific combination of findings that the author's multiphysician practice has noticed on a frequently recurring basis. The triple injury of ankle synovitis, ankle instability, and peroneal tendon tear can be termed the Lateral Ankle Triad. While it is common to find each of these specific injuries individually, they are often found in combination.     

Anterior tibiotalar impingement associated with chronic ankle instability

The authors describe the surgical treatment of 13 cases of chronic ankle instability and concomitant anterior bony impingement of the ankle in professional and recreational athletes. All patients had symptoms and signs of lateral instability and a painful block to dorsiflexion. Two patients presented with recurrence of impingement after a previous debridement alone without an ankle stabilization. The anterior osteophytes were debrided arthroscopically and a Brostrom-Gould open stabilization was performed. After a mean follow-up period of 12 months (range 4-23 months), all 13 patients had mechanically and functionally stable ankles. The mean improvement in range of dorsiflexion was 12.4 degrees and all but one had improvement with respect to a subjective and functional outcome assessment. There have been no recurrences of impingement to date. These results suggest that ankle stabilization performed in conjunction with debridement of osteophytes may reduce the recurrence of exostoses as well as improving the outcome.     

腓骨骨膜瓣翻转解剖学重建踝关节外侧韧带

[目的]评价应用腓骨骨膜瓣解剖学重建踝关节外侧韧带治疗慢性踝关节外侧不稳定的疗效.[方法]在Brostr(o)m修复的基础上,应用腓骨骨膜瓣翻转解剖重建踝关节外侧韧带治疗14例慢性踝关节外侧不稳定.[结果]随访23～48个月,平均32个月,根据美国骨科足踝委员会之踝关节与后足评分系统进行功能评定,术前平均(56±7)分;良1例、一般5例、差8例.术后平均(92±7)分;优7例、良5例、一般2例.[结论]利用腓骨骨膜瓣解剖重建踝关节外侧韧带是治疗慢性踝关节外侧不稳定的有效方法.     

小腿远端蒂穿支皮瓣修复足踝创面的蒂部改进

目的 介绍将小腿穿支蒂皮瓣的“孤立穿支蒂”改进为“穿支筋膜皮下蒂”的手术技术,探讨改善皮瓣静脉回流、提高临床可靠性的应用效果. 方法 依据小腿后侧穿支血管的位置,设计偏心的螺旋桨样岛状皮瓣.穿支血管轴点近侧的皮瓣头部(大桨)切为筋膜皮瓣,轴点与受区创面间的皮瓣尾部(小桨)切为真皮下血管网皮瓣,至少保留穿支血管蒂一侧1/4象限的筋膜皮下组织,形成“穿支筋膜皮下蒂”.自2008年1月至2010年12月,临床应用12例,旋转180°修复足踝创面.术后观测皮瓣肿胀程度和成活及功能恢复情况. 结果 本组胫后动脉穿支7例,腓动脉穿支5例,近侧筋膜皮瓣(大桨)面积4 cm×8 cm ～6 cm×18 cm,远侧真皮下血管网皮瓣(小桨)面积2 cm×2 cm～4 cm×4 cm.术后皮瓣肿胀较轻,按顾玉东法评定,9例低于2级,2例为3级,仅最大的1例为4级,皮瓣远端有部分浅层坏死.平均随访13个月,创面治愈.患者恢复行走和穿鞋功能. 结论 采用保留部分筋膜皮下组织的穿支蒂部改进法,在增加皮瓣静脉回流通道、降低术后肿胀程度、提高临床安全性的同时,皮瓣仍能获得180°的平滑旋转,效果优良,值得推广.     

带监测皮岛的胫前动脉穿支骨膜瓣治疗骨不连的临床应用

目的 探讨带监测皮岛的胫前动脉穿支骨膜瓣治疗骨不连的临床效果.方法 应用带监测皮岛的胫前动脉穿支骨膜瓣治疗骨不连25例,总结手术方法和操作要点,观察临床效果.结果 术中切取的骨膜瓣大小适宜,监测皮岛血运良好,术后伤口大部分一期愈合,2例皮岛边缘少许坏死,换药后愈合.25例术后随访10～24个月,平均15.1个月,原骨不连处骨痂生长良好,髓腔再通,骨折线在3～6个月消失,骨折愈合后关节功能恢复均较满意.结论 带监测皮岛的胫前动脉穿支骨膜瓣治疗骨不连,手术成功率高,是治疗骨不连的一种有效可行的方法.     

踝关节外侧不稳的手术修复

目的探讨踝关节外侧不稳手术治疗的效果。方法自1994年6月至2007年7月采用Watson—Jones手术和改进的Chrisman—Snook手术治疗踝关节不稳24例（踝）,其中11例采用Watson—Jones手术,13例采用Chrisman—Snook手术。结果除8例失访外,余16例获平均5年9个月（2．5—9年）随访,踝关节功能采用踝关节稳定度（50分）、踝关节内翻试验（25分）和踝关节抽屉试验（25分）等来评价,疗效优（85～100分）14例,良2例（70—84分）,无失败（〈69分）。还比较了Watson—Jones法与改进的Chrisman—Snook法疗效。术前、术后稳定度、踝内翻试验和抽屉试验两组数据的统计学分析（P〈0．01）有显著意义。本组无并发症发生。结论踝关节外侧不稳采用Watson-Jones手术和改进的Chrisman—Snook手术修复踝关节外侧韧带有良好疗效。     

Correlation of stress radiographs to injuries associated with lateral ankle instability

BACKGROUND Stress radiographs have demonstrated superior efficacy in the evaluation of ankle instability.AIM To determine if there is a degree of instability evidenced by stress radiographs that is associated with pathology concomitant with ankle ligamentous instability.METHODS A retrospective review of 87 consecutive patients aged 18-74 who had stress radiographs performed at a single institution between 2014 and 2020 was performed. These manual radiographic stress views were then correlated with magnetic resonance imaging and operative findings.RESULTS A statistically significant association was determined for the mean and median stress radiographic values and the presence of peroneal pathology(P = 0.008 for tendonitis and P = 0.020 for peroneal tendon tears). A significant inverse relationship was found between the presence of an osteochondral defect and increasing degrees of instability(P = 0.043).CONCLUSION Although valuable in the clinical evaluation of ankle instability, stress radiographs are not an independent predictor of conditions associated with ankle in-stability.     

经皮踝外侧韧带复合体重建治疗慢性踝外侧不稳

[目的]探讨经皮功能重建踝关节外侧韧带复合体治疗慢性踝关节不稳的临床疗效。[方法]2014年1月~2018年2月,符合纳入标准的47例慢性踝关节不稳患者随机分为两组,其中,切开组23例采用常规切开术式重建距腓前韧带(ATFL)和跟腓韧带(CFL),经皮组24例采用超声定位,经皮建立骨隧道重建ATFL和CFL。比较两组间手术时间、围术期并发症、踝背伸-跖屈活动度(ROM)、AOFAS评分、VAS评分,应力位影像测量距骨前移度和倾斜度。[结果]术中切开组2例出现腓浅神经损伤。经皮组手术时间、切口总长度显著小于切开组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。切开组术后4例切口边缘处坏死,而经皮组1例切口渗液。两组患者随访26~30个月,平均(27.39±2.51)个月。术后6个月时,经皮组ROM显著大于切开组(P<0.05)。随时间推移两组患者AOFAS评分均显著增加,而VAS评分显著减少(P<0.001),但是两组相同时间点AOFAS评分和VAS评分的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。应力位X线测量方面,术后两组患者距骨前移距度和距骨倾斜角均较术前显著减少(P<0.001)。但是两组相同时间点在距骨前移距度和距骨倾斜角的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。[结论]经皮踝关节外侧韧带复合体重建治疗慢性踝关节不稳的效果与常规开放手术相当,但具有手术时间短、创伤小、并发症少的优点。     

A multimodal approach to ankle instability: Interrelations between subjective and objective assessments of ankle status in athletes

The aim of this retrospective cohort study is to investigate the association between different subjective and objective assessments of ankle function in a population of athletes with or without functional ankle instability (FAI). 29 athletes with a history of ankle spraining were divided into two groups according to their ankle status: 16 with FAI (initial ankle sprain with residual functional instability) (age 24.6 ± 3.1 years), and 13 COPERS (initial ankle sprain without residual instability) (age 25.3 ± 4.4 years). The assessment of each individual's ankle function was based on three approaches: The “functional‐ankle‐ability‐measure” (FAAM) assessing subjective ankle functionality, measures of sensorimotor control as objective functional measurements and MRI‐based T2‐mapping as a quantitative marker of compositional joint status. Pearson's product‐moment‐correlation coefficient, student's t‐test and analysis‐of‐variance were used for statistical analysis. Significant group differences existed for subjective ankle function (FAAM, p = 0.04) and MRI‐data mainly in the medial compartment of the ankle joint (p ≤ 0.05). We found unique associations between T2‐mapping results and sensorimotor scores in the COPER (r = ?0.756–0.849), and “FAI”‐group (r = 0.630–0.657). The location and magnitude differed between groups. No correlations existed between these measures and the FAAM. This exploratory study provides preliminary evidence for potential interrelations between various diagnostic measures of ankle function and structure in individuals with and without FAI. We found associations between MRI‐results and selected measures of sensorimotor control, indicating a potential link between loss of ankle function and early joint degeneration. Despite these interrelations, each of the different assessment options appears to contain unique information on ankle functionality important in a clinical assessment. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:525–532, 2016.

     

The longitudinally split vascularized fibula with a vascularized periosteal flap for the reconstruction of large segmental bone defects of the tibia

Summary A new principle in reconstructive surgery is presented: The immediate reconstruction of a missing bone segment with a primary osteoperiosteal tube that will secondarily be transformed into a complete osseous tube. In 5 out of 7 baboons, a bone tube with an almost normal bone cavity was achieved after 16 to 28 weeks. In 2 cases, we failed to reconstruct the tube because of an intraoperative fault and postoperative plate fracture with subsequent destruction of the vascularized periosteal flap. On the basis of this study, we describe a new concept in reconstruction of segmental bone defects of the lower extremity. The osteoperiosteal tube is formed by the combination of two successful experimental and clinical techniques: the vascularized fibular transfer which is modified by splitting the bone graft longitudinally, and transfer of vascularized periosteum (concept of the substitution of a missing bone segment by an organ-like tube). In the most stressed marginal region of the bone defect, there is vascularized cortical bone from the longitudinally split fibular graft and an increasing amount of lamellar bone being produced under the vascularized periosteal flap. By splitting the graft, nutrition depends entirely on the periosteal blood supply. The concept of the dual blood supply was initially described by Berggren et al. and Papanastasiou et al. [4, 18]. The significance of the concept of the vascularized periosteum transfer for reconstruction of a segmental bone defect is well illustrated. Only in cases where the vascularized periosteal flap was intact and securely sutured to the fibulae graft and the two tibia stumps could a bone tube be reconstructed. The arrangement of both vascularized grafts as an osteoperiosteal tube exemplify the concept of the given space as described by Stock et al. [26]. Inside the osteoperiosteal tube, a consolidation chamber is created in which all the factors required for bone formation can be concentrated. Comparison of the results of successfully reconstructed bone tubes with the solid bone column in the defect of the baboon where no bone tube could be reconstructed underline the concept of combination of different vascularized grafts for reconstruction of segmental bone defects in long bone defects of the lower extremity.This work was presented at the 5th German-Austrian-Swiss Congress of Traumatology in Berlin in November of 1987. The part of vascularity analysis was supported by a grant from the Friedrich-Baur-Stiftung     

Non-anatomical or direct anatomical repair of chronic lateral instability of the ankle: A systematic review of the literature after at least 10 years of follow-up

Introduction

A lateral ankle sprain is one of the most frequent reasons for consultation at the emergency trauma unit. Numerous surgical procedures have been described with long-term outcomes that differ.