“Flecked retina”—an association with primary hyperoxaluria

A child with hyperoxaluria, probable Type I, was noted to have a "flecked retina" on funduscopic examination at age 2 1/2 months; it persisted throughout his seven years of life. The relationship of the ocular findings to his metabolic disease is discussed.     

Fatal pneumothorax in “BCNU lung”

A patient with recurrent glioma treated with BCNU developed pneumothorax and interstitial pulmonary fibrosis. She died from “BCNU lung” and its complications, although she was free of her initial disease.     

“How Small Is Too Small?” in Japan 1983

Along with the advancement of neonatal medicine, “how small is too small?” for the neonate to survive and for the physician to intervene becomes important. On the basis of recent data on very small neonates in Japan, we present our approach to this subject. The overall mortality rate of neonates weighing less than 1,000 gm was 55% and their incidence of major neurological handicaps was 6.6%. There was a clear difference between mortality rates of neonates weighing above and below 700 gm, which were 34% and 80% respectively, but their morbidity rates were more or less the same. The current record of the smallest neonate to survive in Japan is 444 gm. Therefore “how small is too small?” in the 1980's in Japan will be around 700–1,000 gr for generalized socio-medical agreement for active intervention and around 400–500 gm for individualized decision-making for possible survival.