医源性输尿管损伤五例报告

1992年 8月～ 1998年 5月笔者共收治 5例因手术造成输尿管损伤的病例 ,现报告如下。1　临床资料本组 5例 ,男 2例 ,女 3例 ;年龄 2 9～ 4 8岁。右侧 1例 ,左侧 4例。输尿管上段损伤 3例 ,下段损伤 2例。泌尿外科手术致伤 3例 ,1例为右输尿管上段切开取石术时致输尿管断裂 ,1例为左肾盂切开取石时致左肾盂输尿管交界处断裂 ,另 1例为左肾盂输尿管交界处误扎致严重狭窄 ;妇产科手术致伤 2例 ,1例为行子宫切除术时误将左输尿管下段部分切除 ,另 1例为行左侧巨大卵巢囊肿切除时将左输尿管下段切断结扎。输尿管损伤术中发现 3例 ,2例Ⅰ期修复治愈…     

医源性输尿管损伤的诊治分析及预防

目的：探讨医源性输尿管损伤的诊断、治疗及预防。方法：对我院自1994年～2003年收住的11例医源性输尿管损伤患者临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果：子宫癌子宫全切除3例，子宫肌瘤子宫切除2例，由输尿管镜操作不当引起4例，直肠癌根治术2例。7例一期手术修复，2例予患者肾造瘘，3个月后手术修复，2例仅作双“J”管引流。术后症状消失，切口愈合良好，肾输尿管经B超IVP检查积水消失或好转。结论：预防医源性输尿管损伤，必须熟悉输尿管的解剖，严格按照输尿管镜操作规程，根据损伤的类型，作出诊断的时间，合理地把握修复手术时机。     

输尿管镜致医源性输尿管损伤19例分析

目的：探讨输尿管镜在临床操作中所导致的医源性输尿管损伤的原因和预防方法。方法：总结分析2001年1月-2005年7月我院开展输尿管镜治疗310例患者中所导致的医源性输尿管损伤19例的临床资料。结果：本组19例中，输尿管开口穿孔3例，输尿管开口撕裂4例，输尿管穿孔4例，输尿管开口黏膜脱套2例，输尿管黏膜下隧道5例，输尿管取石钳臂断裂1例。除1例输尿管取石钳臂断裂因断臂嵌入输尿管壁内无法取出改开放性手术外，其余18例均经捅入双J管治疗后治愈。结论：进行输尿管镜操作过程中保持视野的清晰，操作要轻柔，避免动作的粗暴，熟悉输尿管解剖及走向，正确进镜碎石是手术成功的关键，术后留置支架管能减少输尿管狭窄的并发症发生。     

医源性输尿管损伤10例报告

手术致输尿管损伤临床不少见，本院1985年5月～2001年10月收治手术致输尿管损伤10例，现报告如下。     

医源性输尿管损伤的防治(附23例报告)

目的 探讨医源性输尿管损伤的原因、治疗和预防措施。方法 本组23例，其中行输尿管逆行放置双J管内引流6例，输尿管端端吻合术14例，输尿管膀胱吻合术1例，肾造瘘术2例；6个月后期行管状膀胱瓣输尿管吻合术。结果 切肾率为0，所有患者肾功能均恢复正常。结论 输尿管损伤的治疗以及时恢复其连续性和完整性，并放置内支架(双J管)引流具有十分重要的意义，术前放置输尿管导管和细致规范的手术操作是预防医源性输尿管损伤的关键。     

医源性输尿管损伤四例报告

医源性输尿管损伤四例报告湖北省英山县人民医院［４３６７００］梅炳勋输尿管的位置隐蔽，外伤机会较少，但手术损伤常有报道。我院自１９８６年１月～１９９５年５月共收治四例输尿管损伤的患者，现报告如下．病例介绍［例１］女性，４２岁。因宫颈癌于１９８６年５月３...     

医源性输尿管损伤的诊治

目的探讨医源性输尿管损伤的诊治。方法本组50例中，术中发现40例，其中输尿管修补术15例，输尿管断端吻合术13例，输尿管膀胱吻合术12例。其余10例术后根据病史和肾分泌造影(IVU)、逆行造影等检查后，再进行相应手术。结果本组50例均获痊愈，所有患者肾功能恢复正常。结论细致规范手术操作，及早发现处理，是预防和治疗医源性输尿管损伤的有效方法。     

经尿道输尿管镜处理医源性损伤后输尿管漏尿

目的 探讨医源性损伤后输尿管漏尿的治疗方法 .方法 运用输尿管镜经尿道置入双J管治疗12例医源性损伤后输尿管漏尿.结果 11例治愈,漏尿分别于术后1～3周停止,术后2、3个月.6个月～1年复查静脉肾盂造影(IVU)患侧输尿管通畅.1例失败改开放手术.结论 经尿道输尿管镜双J管置入术是处理医源性损伤后输尿管漏尿的有效治疗方法 .     

腹腔镜和输尿管镜联合治疗15例医源性输尿管狭窄

目的 探讨联合镜种技术(腹腔镜+输尿管镜)治疗医源性输尿管狭窄的安全性、可行性和有效性.方法 回顾性分析2018年1月-2020年12月在娄底市中心医院用联合镜种技术(腹腔镜+输尿管镜)治疗的15例医源性输尿管狭窄患者的临床资料.其中,男8例,女7例;年龄31～65岁,平均(38.50±7.10)岁;术前病变侧肾脏积水...     

简化输尿管镜术治疗输尿管梗阻——附768例报告

目的：探讨及总结简化内窥镜术治疗输尿管梗阻的疗效及诊治经验。方法：在镜检室骶麻下行输尿管镜术加气压弹道碎石治疗输尿管结石750例;水囊扩张,输尿管镜硬性扩张与自制汽化电极切割输尿管疤痕,三者有机结合治疗输尿管狭窄11例,钩状电极加输尿镜取石治疗输尿管囊肿（并结石2例）7例。结果：输尿管镜取石成功率98．4％,其中上段12例滑入肾盂改行ESWL,术中并发输尿管穿孔3例,1例改行开放手术,11例输尿管狭窄及7例输尿管囊肿全部治愈,术后随访无狭窄及返流。结论：输尿管镜术是输尿管结石,狭窄和直径＜３０nm的囊肿首选治疗方法,不仅疗效满意且病人乐意接受。     

穴位按摩防治妇科腹腔镜术后颈肩痛的效果

目的探讨穴位按摩对防治妇科腹腔镜术后颈肩部疼痛的作用。方法妇科腹腔镜手术病人109例,随机分为两组,观察组53例,给予妇科腹腔镜术后常规护理并施以穴位按摩;对照组56例,给予妇科腹腔镜术后常规护理。观察并比较两组病人术后颈肩痛的发生率、疼痛持续时间及疼痛的程度。结果观察组术后颈肩痛的发生率低于对照组（x2=4．25,P〈0．05）,疼痛持续时间短于对照组（t=4．35,P〈0．05）,疼痛的程度轻于对照组（u=2．35～3．42,P〈0．05）。结论穴位按摩能有效防治妇科腹腔镜术后病人出现的颈肩部疼痛。     

THE GAP BETWEEN RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE FOR INJURY PREVENTION IN ELITE SPORT: A CLINICAL COMMENTARY

As clinicians strive to apply evidence-based principles, team-based practitioners have identified a large gap as it relates to published research, ideal applications of evidence-based practice, and actual clinical practice related to injury prevention in elite sport within the United States. For rehabilitation professionals, especially those intimately involved in the research of injury prevention, the solution often seems quite clear and defined. However, preventing injury by implementing the latest recommendation from the most recent prospective study on the using the FIFA 11 + warm-up, a Copenhagen Adduction exercise, or a plyometric drill with elite athletes may not be as effective as was seen among the cohort used in the study. In addition to extrapolating research, clinicians face additional challenges such as variance among professions, schedule density, and off-season contacts with athletes. There is an inherent difficulty in the application of research to practice in elite sport as it relies on the teamwork of not only the practitioner and athlete, but the entire sporting organizational structure and those involved in athlete participation. The purpose of this clinical commentary is to explore the difficulty with application of research in clinical practice and to discuss potential strategies for improving carry over from research to clinical practice.     

中晚期食管癌系列治疗和手术后并发症防治研究

目的对中晚期食管癌系列治疗方法行了评价。方法对食管癌单纯放疗、放疗的同时给予化疗、单纯手术、术前放疗+手术和手术+术后“T”放疗的效果进行了比较分析,对术前化疗+手术+术后放疗或化疗进行了临床观察和理论上探讨;对术后各种并发症采取预防措施。结果单纯放疗组5年生存率为22%,单纯手术组为33.18%,放疗同时化疗组为14%,手术+术后“T”放疗组为41.7%,术后并发症逐年减少,病死率下降。结论手术根治仍是食管癌重要治疗方法,“二野”手术后“T”放疗临床研究取得了“三野”手术的5年存活率效果。术前化疗+标准手术+术后放疗和化疗是提高食管癌远期生存率的优化方案。     

妇科腹腔镜手术并发症的分析

目的:分析妇科腹腔镜手术并发症发生的原因及探讨其防治措施。方法:对270 例妇科患者行腹腔镜手术治疗中出现的并发症作一回顾性分析。该组病例中,输卵管手术109 例次、卵巢手术49 例次、盆腔粘连松解术71 例次、子宫肌瘤剔除术11 例次、腹腔镜协助下阴式全子宫切除术(LAVH)6 例次、卵巢癌二次探查术1例次、盆腔子宫内膜异位病灶活检 电灼术23 例次。结果:270 例妇科腹腔镜手术中,发生手术损伤性并发症5 例,占1.85% ,包括小肠损伤1 例、膀胱损伤1 例、腹壁套管穿刺孔出血1 例、附件内套圈结扎套圈滑脱伴出血2 例;非损伤性并发症8 例,占2.96% ,包括脐部伤口小血肿1 例、伤口感染1 例、臂丛神经损伤1 例、术后盆腔感染2 例、输卵管开窗胚胎吸出绒毛组织残留3 例。该组无1 例因并发症需行第2 次手术治疗。结论:并发症发生的原因与手术者的腹腔镜手术操作经验有关,并提出防治措施     

疾控中心实验室生物安全柜检测

目的了解疾控中心实验室生物安全柜安装运行及其性能状况,加强实验室生物安全管理。方法用仪器测定法对实验室39台生物安全柜进行工作区洁净度、工作窗口气流流向和风速等6项指标进行了现场检测。结果该疾控中心生物安全柜以噪声合格率最低,为79.5%;工作窗口气流风速合格率为92.3%;柜内空气洁净度合格率为97.4%,其他指标亦存在不合格现象。生物Ⅱ级B2型生物安全柜各项目不合格率最高。结论该中心实验室使用中的生物安全柜内空气洁净度和其他微小气候存在问题,应加强生物安全柜选用、安装调试和使用管理。     

EXPERIMENTAL RICKETS IN RATS : VII. THE PREVENTION OF RICKETS BY SUNLIGHT,BY THE RAYS OF THE MERCURY VAPOR LAMP,AND BY THE CARBON ARC LAMP.

Young rats on a diet low in phosphorus can be protected from rickets by irradiations with sunlight for about 15 minutes daily. In the winter months, however, this degree of light was found insufficient. The effective rays of the sun, in the intensities studied, did not penetrate window glass. They manifested some protective value after reflection from a smooth white surface. Irradiation of a few minutes with the rays of the mercury vapor lamp suffices to protect rats against rickets. This is true likewise of the rays from the carbon arc lamp. A standard protective dose of radiation can be formulated for rats on a standard diet. Light is able to prevent the occurrence of rickets in rats fed a rickets-producing diet characterized either by a low phosphorus and high calcium content, or a high phosphorus and low calcium content. Moderate variations in temperature do not alter the effective action of light rays. Pigmentation of the skin markedly lessens their effect, as demonstrated by the failure of a standard dose to protect black rats.     

住院病人医院感染调查与防控对策

目的了解医院感染状况及相关因素,制定有效的预防和控制方案。方法通过回顾性调查方法,对某中医医院住院患者医院感染状况进行调查,并进行相关因素分析。结果 2009-2011年该中医院共出院28 685例患者,发生医院感染460例,平均感染率为1.65%。感染的高发部位是呼吸道,构成比为64.35%;其次是泌尿道和胃肠道。医院感染发生率以肿瘤科居首位,60岁以上老年病人占73.26%,侵入性操作、免疫抑制剂的应用和老年基础病是医院感染主要危险因素。结论中医院住院患者医院感染发病率低于全国平均水平,重症病人属最易感人群,严格执行无菌操作和加强消毒隔离措施为主要防控手段。     

INJURY RISK IS ALTERED BY PREVIOUS INJURY: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE AND PRESENTATION OF CAUSATIVE NEUROMUSCULAR FACTORS

Background:

Active adults commonly present with lower extremity (LE) injuries from a variety of professional and amateur sports activities. Decreased LE function significantly alters daily life and subsequent injuries increase this impact. The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the association between previous injury and the risk of re‐injury, and to describe the changes in kinematics and motor programming that may contribute to this relationship.

Methods:

A preliminary search was conducted to determine the four most common LE injuries on PubMed, CINAHL and Web of Science. These injuries, in a healthy active adult population, were hamstring strain (HS), anterior cruciate ligament injury (ACL), achilles tendon pathology, and ankle sprain. After these injuries were established, the search for this systematic review found evidence relating these injuries to re‐injury. Articles related to degenerative changes were excluded. Twenty‐six articles were included in the systematic review detailing the risk of re‐injury from a previous injury and were graded for quality.

Results:

ACL injury was linked to a successive injury of the same ACL, and other injuries in the LE. HS was associated with subsequent ipsilateral HS and knee injuries. Previous achilles tendon rupture increased the risk of an analogous injury on the contralateral side. An ankle sprain was associated with a re‐injury of either the ipsilateral or the contralateral ankle. Post‐injury changes were present in strength, proprioception, and kinematics, which may have led to overall changes in motor control and function.

Conclusion:

This review provides insight into the changes occurring following common LE injuries, how these changes potentially affect risk for future injury, and address the needs of the active adult population in rehabilitation.

Clinical Relevance:

Current research on previous injury and re‐injury is of high quality, but scarce quantity. Deficits following an injury are known, but how these deficits correlate or lead to re‐injury requires further exploration.

Level of Evidence:

1